January 1964

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January 25, 2024: Echo 2, largest artificial satellite ever, put into orbit
January 11, 2024 U.S. government panel links cigarettes to lung cancer
January 29, 1964: Josef Rieder opens the Winter Olympics at Innsbruck

The following events occurred in January 1964:

January 1, 1964 (Wednesday)

Northern Rhodesia...
... becomes Zambia
Southern Rhodesia...
... becomes Zimbabwe
Nyasaland...
... becomes Malawi

January 2, 1964 (Thursday)

  • Major General Victor H. Krulak of the U.S. Marines, along with a committee of experts asked to advise on the Vietnam War, submitted a recommendation to U.S. President Johnson for a three phase series of covert actions against North Vietnam. Phase I, for February to May, called for propaganda dissemination and "20 destructive undertakings... designed to result in substantial destruction, economic loss and harassment", and a second and third phase of increasing magnitude.[6]
  • A police constable on guard outside the residence of
    The Flagstaff House in Accra and missed with his first shot. Nkrumah's bodyguard, Salifu Dagarti, shielded the President with his body and was mortally wounded.[7] It marked the sixth attempt on Nkrumah's life since he came to power in 1957.[8][9]
  • A U.S. Air Force C-124 Globemaster cargo plane with nine people on board disappeared while flying over the Pacific Ocean, on its way to Hickam Air Force Base in Honolulu from Wake Island. Another pilot, flying on the same route, said that he had heard a distinct S.O.S. signal that would have transmitted automatically from the plane and the rafts.[10][11]
  • Born: Pernell Whitaker, American professional boxer, undisputed world lightweight (1990–1992); in Norfolk, Virginia (d. 2019)

January 3, 1964 (Friday)

January 4, 1964 (Saturday)

  • Ivan Asen Christof Georgiev, a 56-year-old Bulgarian diplomat who had once been the Eastern European nation's delegate to the United Nations, was executed by firing squad after pleading guilty to spying for the United States.[19] Georgiev had testified at his trial on December 26 that he had sold military secrets to the CIA between 1956 and 1961, although the United States denied being aware of any connection to Georgiev. Prosecutors charged that he had received $200,000; that he had spent most of the money "to support mistresses"; and that "the CIA was so satisfied with Georgiev's work that he was given a diploma commending his services."[20]
  • A commuter train pulling into the station at Jajinci, 8 miles (13 km) south of the Yugoslavian capital, Belgrade, crashed into the back of another train that was awaiting departure.[21] Sixty-six people were killed, and 157 were injured. Both trains were filled with passengers who were returning to work after the New Year holiday; the commuter train was on its way from Belgrade to Pozarevac and traveling in the fog before dawn, and the engineer on board said that he had seen no signal to indicate that the track was blocked. The impact was severe enough to crush eight of the coaches on the train at the station.[22][23]
  • The Mo-e-Muqaddas, an important Islamic holy
    stolen on December 27, 1963 from the Hazratbal Shrine in Srinagar, was recovered seven days after it disappeared. The disappearance of the item, a 600-year-old strand of hair from the beard of Muhammad, had led to riots in the Jammu & Kashmir state because it was sacred to India's Kashmiri Muslims and a symbol of their faith, and one author would note that it "was somewhat miraculously recovered and returned to its original site."[24][25][26][27] The authenticity of the returned Mo-e-Muqaddas would be verified in a ceremony on February 3.[28]
  • Pius VII in 1809. Pope Paul departed from Rome on a chartered Alitalia DC-8 jet to Amman, Jordan, and was welcomed in the Muslim kingdom by King Hussein.[29] Afterward, the Pope and his party traveled by motorcade to the border crossing at Jenin (then a part of Jordan) and into Nazareth in Israel, followed by a welcome by over 100,000 at Jerusalem.[30]
  • İsmet İnönü, the Prime Minister of Turkey, won a vote of confidence in the Turkish National Assembly. The vote in the İnönü government's favor was 225 to 175, but not without the help of 46 votes from an opposition group, the New Turkey Party, raising the question of whether the Premier's Republicans and Independents coalition could remain in power without the New Turkey party support.[31][32]
  • Mary Sullivan, a 19-year-old clerk at a finance company in Boston, became the 13th and last victim of the Boston Strangler. Her two roommates found her nude body after they returned from work to their apartment on Charles Street at Beacon Hill. As with other victims, Sullivan had been raped, and then strangled with a scarf.[33][34]
  • Harold A. Franklin became the first African-American student to be enrolled at Auburn University in Alabama. A team of three United States marshals was parked across the street to protect Franklin from violence and intimidation by the crowd and by 100 Alabama state policemen.[35][36]
  • Born: Dot-Marie Jones, American TV actress, 15-time world women's arm-wrestling champion, and women's shot-put record holder; in Turlock, California[37]

January 5, 1964 (Sunday)

January 6, 1964 (Monday)

  • British vehicle manufacturer Leyland Motors signed a contract with the Communist government of Fidel Castro for the sale of buses to the Cuban government, challenging the United States blockade of Cuba.[47] Under the deal, negotiated with the Cuban state trading organization Transimport, 400 Leyland-MCW Olympic buses and spare parts would be delivered to Cuba within 12 months at a cost of £3.7 million (US$11,000,000) and Cuba had a five-year option to buy 1,000 more vehicles at a similar price.[48]
  • Sir Kenneth Maddocks was replaced as Governor of Fiji by Sir Derek Jakeway.[49]
  • Born: Henry Maske, German professional boxer and IBF world light heavyweight champion from 1993 to 1996, as well as Olympic gold medalist middleweight champion in 1988; in Treuenbrietzen, East Germany[50]

January 7, 1964 (Tuesday)

  • After spending more than $230,000,000 to develop the proposed Typhon missile, the
    U.S. Navy abandoned further work on the project. General Dynamics had contracted with the Navy to design a "shipboard surface-to-air missile" that could "launch missiles simultaneously against a number of aircraft", but the system was too large for use on most of the ships in the American naval fleet.[51]
  • Sir Roland Theodore Symonette became the first Prime Minister of the Bahamas as the British colony was given self-rule in advance of its eventual independence. Symonette had previously been the Chief Minister for three Bahamian governors and was the wealthiest native of the Bahamas at the time. The only white Bahamian Premier, he would serve until 1967.[52]
  • Born: Nicolas Cage (stage name for Nicolas Kim Coppola), American film actor; in Long Beach, California
  • Died: Howard Baker Sr., 61, U.S. Congressman for Tennessee since 1951; of a heart attack while shaving at his home in Knoxville, Tennessee.[53]

January 8, 1964 (Wednesday)

  • Edward Z. Gray, NASA's Director of Advanced Studies in the Office of Manned Space Flight, predicted that NASA's version of a
    Army-Navy-Air Force Journal and Register, called the assignment to DOD of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory "an ominous harbinger of a reversal in trend, an indication that the military services may play a more prominent role in future space exploration at NASA's expense.... Whether you label it development platform, satellite platform, satellite or laboratory, it is clearly intended as a beginning for space station technology. It is also clearly the intent of this administration that, at least in the initial stages, space station development shall be under military rather than civil cognizance...."[54]
  • In his first State of the Union Address, U.S. President
    War on Poverty".[55][56] Asking Congress immediately, "let us work together to make this year's session the best in the nation's history... as the session which declared all-out war on human poverty and unemployment in these United States," Johnson told Americans watching television, "This administration today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America. I urge this Congress and all Americans to join with me in that effort."[57][58]
  • India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru suffered a stroke while visiting the city of Bhubaneswar in the Odisha state. During his recovery, he brought former Minister of Home Affairs Lal Bahadur Shastri back into his Cabinet as a minister without portfolio. On May 27, Nehru would die, and Shastri would become his successor.[59]
  • Died: Julius Raab, 72, Chancellor of Austria from 1953 to 1961

January 9, 1964 (Thursday)

Demonstrators in Panama
Panama
U.S.A.

January 10, 1964 (Friday)

  • Chicago's Vee-Jay Records released Introducing... The Beatles to get the jump on Capitol Records' release of Meet the Beatles!, scheduled for January 20. Capitol obtained a restraining order against Vee-Jay on January 16 to prevent further sales, although Vee-Jay would defy the order by releasing the album again on February 10 and spending nine weeks with the second most popular selling album, behind Capitol's number one seller.[65]
  • Panama severed diplomatic relations with the United States, and its representative to the United Nations demanded that the U.S. surrender control of the Canal Zone and the Panama Canal to Panamanian sovereignty. The death toll at the end of the day was 27 people, 24 of whom were Panamanian civilians and three who were American soldiers.[66] Relations would be resumed on April 3.[67]

January 11, 1964 (Saturday)

  • Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, was written by a select committee of 11 scientists (five of whom were cigarette smokers). It was not released to the press until 9:00 on a Saturday morning, a day chosen because the American stock markets were closed during the weekend and in order to reach the greatest number of readers in Sunday newspapers; and only then to a gathering of journalists who were invited to a secure auditorium at the U.S. State Department building and not allowed to use a telephone until the press conference was over.[70] The panel noted that 41,000 Americans died of lung cancer in 1962, while another 15,000 died from bronchitis and emphysema, and over half a million from arteriosclerotic heart disease[71] and concluded that "Average smokers had a nine-to-tenfold risk of developing lung cancer compared to nonsmokers, and heavy smokers had at least a twenty-fold risk."[72] The Advisory Committee unanimously endorsed the statement that "Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action."[73] The effect was an 18% drop in cigarette use from the year before, when per capita consumption had reached a record high of 4,345 cigarettes per year (12 per day for every person in the U.S.); an author would note in 1999 "In 1966, about 43% of American adults regularly smoked cigarettes; today about 25% do."[74]
  • A private pilot and his three neighbors were killed when his Mooney M20 airplane crashed into the 28th floor of the Southwestern Bell building in downtown Kansas City, Missouri, 300 feet (91 m) above 11th Street and Oak Street. Because it was 5:35 p.m. on a Saturday, nobody inside the building was injured, and no pedestrians were struck by the debris, which was scattered across several blocks. The group was returning from a hunting trip in Buffalo, Missouri and ran into snow and fog as they approached the city.[75][76]
  • The British teenage girls' magazine Jackie was published for the first time.[77]
  • Died: Bechara El Khoury, 73, the first President of Lebanon, who served from 1943 to 1952

January 12, 1964 (Sunday)

January 13, 1964 (Monday)

  • In Manchester, New Hampshire, 14-year-old Pamela Mason was murdered after being lured from her home on the pretext of a babysitting job. Pamela and an acquaintance both had placed their telephone numbers on a bulletin board in a local laundromat and advertised their availability for baby sitting, and both girls had received phone calls from a man; one declined because she was busy, and referred the man to Pamela, who was seen climbing into an automobile at 5:45 that afternoon.[82] Pamela's body was found eight days later along a highway. Edward Coolidge Jr., whose mother had recently purchased the laundromat, would be arrested on February 19, and would be tried and convicted of the crime. The conviction would be set aside in 1971 by the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision regarding the Fourth Amendment, Coolidge v. New Hampshire.[83] After a Supreme Court ruling that evidence seized from Coolidge's car without a warrant had been improperly admitted, the case would be sent back for a new trial. On December 29, 1971, Coolidge would plead guilty to second degree murder and sentenced immediately to a term of 25 to 40 years in the state penitentiary where he had been incarcerated since 1964.[84]
  • All 13 member nations of the Arab League met in Cairo at the invitation of President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, still referred to at the time as the United Arab Republic. An Israeli historian would later comment that "The summit conference was, without a doubt, one of the more momentous events in the history of the Arab world".[85] The leaders voted to establish three new organizations in preparation for removing the Jewish state of Israel from the Middle East. One was the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which would give the Palestinian people in Israel a role in ridding their homeland of Zionism; another was the United Arab Command to strengthen the military might of all the member nations; and the third was the Jordan River Authority, which would make plans to divert the waters of the Jordan River to prevent its use by Israel.
  • A
    nuclear bombs lost its vertical stabilizer in turbulence during a winter storm and crashed on Savage Mountain near Barton, Maryland.[86]
    Only two of the five crewmen survived. The bombs would be recovered two days later.
  • Testing of
    Gemini spacecraft No. 2 began at McDonnell Aircraft Corporation.[3]

January 14, 1964 (Tuesday)

  • In the 14th National Basketball Association All-Star Game at the Boston Garden, the Eastern Conference defeated the Western Conference 111–107. After arriving in Boston, the 20 players had threatened to stage a walkout if their demands for a player pension plan were not met. It was not until 8:55, five minutes before the nationally televised event was set to begin, that the players emerged from their locker rooms. The Boston Celtics' Tom Heinsohn, one of the East all-star players and president of the NBA players union, conferred with NBA Commissioner J. Walter Kennedy, who pledged that the pension issue would be addressed at the February 18 owners' meeting. The game started only 10 minutes late.[87][88]
  • The
    fission bomb; China would explode its first atomic bomb, a 22-kiloton weapon, on October 16.[89]
  • A partial solar eclipse took place, but was seen only by people who were above the Arctic Circle.

January 15, 1964 (Wednesday)

  • Representatives of the
    Rauf Denktash and a future Prime Minister, Osman Örek; the ambassadors to the United Kingdom from Greece (Michel Melas) and Turkey (Zeki Kuneralp); Turkish Foreign Minister Feridun Erkin; and the moderators, British Secretary of State for the Commonwealth Duncan Sandys and a future Foreign Minister Lord Carrington.[91]
  • The collapse of a 12-story apartment building killed 20 construction workers in Paris, a day before a ribbon-cutting ceremony to dedicate a new public housing project. Reportedly, the workers "were putting the last prefabricated steel and concrete beams in place" on the building on Boulevard Lefebvre in the 15th arrondissement, Vaugirard.[92] The accident would later be traced to the site manager's decision to remove temporary metal bracing from the incomplete structure in order to use the braces elsewhere. An author would later note that "This landmark accident marked a significant shift in attitudes toward building site safety",[93] and before the end of the year, the French government would introduce the first major reforms in more than 50 years.
  • The United States Post Office Department announced that it would drop the long-standing practice of indicating the time of day as part of the cancellation of a piece of mail, effective February 1, 1964. Instead of having the time (within the nearest one-half hour) that a letter was received for delivery, the new stamp would merely indicate A.M. or P.M. to show whether it was received in the morning or afternoon.[94]
  • Phase I of development of the Gemini drogue parachute began with a successful test drop of boilerplate spacecraft No. 5 at El Centro, California, to determine the effects of deploying the pilot chute by a lanyard attached to the drogue chute. Phase I would be successfully concluded on April 21 with the fifth and final drop.[3]
  • Following completion of studies of an extended
    Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), NASA gave the go-ahead to MSC for Phase II, with two separate contracts to industry for study of the Apollo command and service module.[54]
  • Died:
    • Tawfiq Canaan, 81, pioneering physician, medical researcher, ethnographer and Palestinian nationalist
    • Jack Teagarden, 58, American jazz trombonist; from a heart attack

January 16, 1964 (Thursday)

January 17, 1964 (Friday)

January 18, 1964 (Saturday)

  • A scale model of the new, 16-acre (6.5 ha) World Trade Center was unveiled to the public at a press conference in New York City, hosted by the governors of New York and New Jersey (Nelson A. Rockefeller and Richard J. Hughes) and the mayors of New York City and Jersey City (Robert F. Wagner and Thomas J. Whelan). The most outstanding feature for the proposed complex, which would be located on the lower West Side of Manhattan, was its "twin towers" designed by architect Minoru Yamasaki, each 110 stories tall; with a 222-foot (68 m) tall transmitting tower on its roof, Tower One would be 1,472 feet (449 m) high, replacing the Empire State Building as the tallest building in the world.[107]
  • MS Empress of Australia, the world's largest passenger ferry, was launched from the Cockatoo Island Dockyard in Sydney, and was christened by Catherine Sidney, the daughter of Australia's Governor-General, William Sidney. Weighing more than 12,000 tonnes (12,000 long tons; 13,000 short tons) and 445 feet (136 m) long, the Empress could carry 41 cars, 33 commercial trucks, and numerous shipping containers on its deck, and had room for 250 passengers.[108]
  • pin-ups" of current rock stars.[109]
  • An earthquake struck Taiwan, killing at least 40 people and injuring more than 200. The collapse of buildings in and around Tainan killed 32 people, and the tremors at Chiayi were exacerbated by a fire from overturned charcoal stoves.[110]
  • Born: Jane Horrocks, English television actress; in Rawtenstall, Lancashire

January 19, 1964 (Sunday)

  • About 700 members of the 1st Battalion of the Tanganyika Rifles mutinied against their white British Army officers and briefly took control of the Tanganyikan capital, Dar es Salaam.[111][112] According to Tanzanian records, the mutineers wanted higher pay and African officers to replace their British commanders; the uprising began at the Colito Barracks in Lugalo and then was joined by units at Tabora and Nachingwea. The rebels arrested 30 of their British officers, built roadblocks to stop entry and exit at Dar es Salaam, took control of the airport, the radio station, the railway station, and police stations, as well as the State House, the office of President Julius Nyerere (although Nyerere was not there at the time). Thirty people were killed during the brief insurrection, but the mutineers (who had no plans to operate their own government) freed the British officers after Defense Minister Oscar Kambona acceded to their demands. The British commanders were flown out of the country, and British troops were asked to maintain order until Nigerian troops could replace them.[113][114]
  • Swaziland took place in the British colony (and southern African kingdom) after being called by King Sobhuza II. The Swazi constitution had been imposed by British administrators two weeks earlier, and the vote was purely advisory, and took place without endorsement or supervision by the United Kingdom. The official results showing 124,380 votes cast in spite of a boycott by British supporters "indicated that 102 percent of the voting-age population had participated"[115] and showed 124,218 for rejection and only 162 votes against[116]
    the British colonial office ignored the "somewhat surrealistic" figures.
  • Born: Ricardo Arjona, Guatemalan singer and songwriter; in Jocotenango
  • Died:
    • Motor Trend 500. Weatherly had taken a difficult turn at 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), leading to speculation that his accelerator had gotten stuck.[117]
    • Firmin Lambot, 77, Belgian racing cyclist

January 20, 1964 (Monday)

January 21, 1964 (Tuesday)

January 22, 1964 (Wednesday)

January 23, 1964 (Thursday)

  • The
    poll taxes in elections for federal office. In so doing, South Dakota became the necessary 38th of the 50 states to make the amendment effective, since approval by at least three-fourths of the states was necessary to amend the U.S. Constitution.[130] The amendment would subsequently be ratified by Virginia (1977), North Carolina (1989), Alabama (2002) and Texas (2009), but eight states did not ratify it after it became effective, including Mississippi (which voted to reject ratification in 1962), and Arkansas (which still had a poll tax law, but did not enforce it).[131]
  • The
    Museum of History and Technology, now referred to as the National Museum of American History, opened in Washington adjacent to the Smithsonian Institution. On the first Sunday after the opening, more than 57,000 people visited the new museum, and more than 2,510,672 had visited by June 30.[132]
  • Arthur Miller's After the Fall opened on Broadway. A semi-autobiographical work, it generated controversy over his portrayal of his ex-wife, the late Marilyn Monroe.
  • In Jakarta, Indonesian and Malaysian leaders agreed to a ceasefire, mediated by U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy.
  • Pope Paul VI instituted the World Day of Prayer for Vocations.
  • Born: Mariska Hargitay, American television actress and Emmy Award and Golden Globe winner; in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Jayne Mansfield and Mickey Hargitay

January 24, 1964 (Friday)

  • Several hundred soldiers of the 11th battalion of the
    Kenya Rifles mutinied at their base in Lanet, near the city of Nakuru, and arrested the British officers within the unit. The rebellion was put down by the next day, however, because there were 5,000 troops from the British Army who were stationed elsewhere in Kenya and came in at the request of President Jomo Kenyatta. Afterward, 43 of the Kenyan rebels were court-martialed, 16 of whom were sentenced to prison terms averaging 12 years, and the 11th battalion was disbanded.[133]
  • Prime Minister of Libya and his other responsibilities as Libya's Foreign Minister, after a clash with the Cyrenaica Defense Force commander, General Mahmud Buguaitin over the killing of student protesters. King Idris I refused to fire Buguaitin, whom he valued as a loyal friend.[134]
  • The Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (MACSOC) was secretly established by the United States to conduct covert unconventional warfare operations prior to and during the Vietnam War.[135]

January 25, 1964 (Saturday)

January 26, 1964 (Sunday)

  • The annual telecasts of The Wizard of Oz in the United States resumed. Although the classic film had not been shown in 1963, the delay between broadcasts had been only a little more than a year, with the previous telecast having been December 9, 1962.
  • Indonesian Air Force airplanes dropped thousands of leaflets on the island of Borneo along the nation's border with Malaysia, each containing an order from President Sukarno directing Indonesian Army troops in the jungle to obey a cease-fire order.[147]

January 27, 1964 (Monday)

  • France and China announced simultaneously in Paris and Beijing that "The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the French Republic have decided in mutual agreement to establish diplomatic relations. For this purpose, the two Governments have agreed to exchange ambassadors within three months."[148][149] France, however, declined to sever diplomatic relations with Taiwan. The French Foreign Ministry had notified U.S. Ambassador Charles Bohlen of its intent on January 15, but the French and Chinese governments avoided any official statement for 12 days, despite the administration's protest.[150]
  • Mediawatch-UK). Mrs. Whitehouse was an art teacher in the town of Madeley, Shropshire, and had been assigned to teach sex education to students; she was appalled at the values that the schoolchildren were learning from BBC and ITV programming, and became a social activist.[151]
  • The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration announced the three competing designs submitted to it by airplane manufacturers for a supersonic passenger airliner. Boeing's proposal, the Boeing 733, proposed to carry 150 passengers at a speed of Mach 2.7; Lockheed Corporation offered the Lockheed L-2000 that would carry 218 passengers at Mach 3.0; and North American Aviation presented the North American NAC-60 to take 167 passengers at Mach 2.65.[152]
  • U.S. Senator Margaret Chase Smith of Maine announced her candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination, becoming "the first woman to be taken seriously for the White House".[153] Smith would run in the New Hampshire and Illinois primaries before dropping out of the campaign, and would earn 27 delegates to the GOP convention.[154]
  • Born: Bridget Fonda, American film and television actress; in Los Angeles, to actor Peter Fonda and his wife Susan Fonda
  • Died:

January 28, 1964 (Tuesday)

  • Three U.S. Air Force officers — Lt. Col. Gerald K. Hannaford, Captain John F. Lorraine and Captain Donald G. Millard — were killed after their
    Wiesbaden Air Base at 2:00 in the afternoon in poor weather, and had strayed off course an hour later.[155] According to Soviet reports, the U.S. jet ignored signals to land after penetrating 55 miles (89 km) into East Germany, and was downed by machine gun and cannon fire. The plane struck a hill one mile outside the East German village of Vogelsberg.[156][157]
  • The fledgling American Football League received a financial boost when the NBC television network signed a contract to pay the eight-team circuit $36,000,000 for the exclusive broadcast rights for AFL games for five seasons. AFL Commissioner Joe Foss noted that the agreement would provide the league more TV revenue in a single year than it had received during its first four seasons from the ABC television network.[158]
  • The International Olympic Committee voted, 27–24, to award the 1968 Winter Olympics to Grenoble in France, rather than Calgary in Canada. The vote came on the third round, after the IOC eliminated Sapporo, Japan; Oslo, Norway; and Lake Placid, New York of the United States; on the second round, Calgary had a 19–18 lead over Grenoble in a three-way race that saw 14 votes go to included Lahti in Sweden.[159]
  • A group of 12 Nationalist Chinese soldiers in Taiwan carried out the massacre of about 200 prisoners from the Communist mainland's People's Volunteer Army, in an apparent retaliation for the December attack on a Taiwanese village the previous month.[160]

January 29, 1964 (Wednesday)

Soviet Olympic commemorative stamp
Peter Sellers as Dr. Strangelove
  • The film Dr. Strangelove (subtitled How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb) opened in select U.S. theaters.[162][163] Along with four other movies "dealing with fictitious presidents of the United States", advance publicity and the release had been put on hold after the assassination of John F. Kennedy the previous November 22. The others were the similarly themed Fail Safe, and the comedy Kisses for My President (about the first female U.S. president); the drama Seven Days in May; and the drama The Best Man.[164]
  • The United States demonstrated that it could launch a rocket competitive with those of the Soviet Union, as the Saturn I SA-5 placed a satellite weighing 37,700 pounds (17,100 kg) into orbit, the heaviest payload carried into space up to that time.[165] President Johnson commented that the successful orbit "proved we have the capability of putting great payloads into space", while Marshall Space Flight Center director Wernher von Braun said, "We are now ahead of the Russians in cargo carrying ability." The satellite was actually the second stage of the Saturn 1 rocket (the S-IV), described as "mostly deadweight with a radio beacon for tracking purposes", but it was more than twice as heavy as the previous record holders, the Soviet Sputnik VII and Sputnik VIII satellites, which had weighed 14,292 pounds (6,483 kg). The weight of the payload included 11,600 pounds (5,300 kg) of Florida sand to provide ballast to the Saturn rocket's nose cone.[166]
  • Born: Andre Reed, American NFL wide receiver and member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame; in Allentown, Pennsylvania
  • Died:

January 30, 1964 (Thursday)

Khanh

January 31, 1964 (Friday)

  • At the
    Lawrence Berkeley National Lab team led by Dr. Luis Alvarez in California.[173]
  • Voting was conducted in the
    President for Life" with dictatorial powers, and to eliminate all political parties except for Nkrumah's Convention People's Party. The official numbers, described as "brought to a pitch by absurdity", were 2,377,920 in favor, and only 2,452 against,[174] for a 99.91% approval of the amendment.[175]
  • The rent strike in the slums of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City reached its peak, with 50,000 tenants in 525 buildings refusing to pay rent until housing conditions improved. The strike had started with three buildings in November and had reached 167 by the end of 1963. In March, the number of participants would begin to steadily decline as tenant groups failed in court.[176]
  • President Johnson asked the U.S. Congress to make the pilot
    Food Stamp Program permanent and nationwide; the Food Stamp Act of 1964 would be enacted into law in August.[177]
  • Born: Jeff Hanneman, American heavy metal musician and founding member of the thrash metal band Slayer; in Oakland, California (d. 2013)
  • Died:
    • Louis Allen, 44, an African-American businessman who owned his own logging business, was murdered at his home in Amite County, Mississippi, after having cooperated with an FBI investigation. Nobody was ever charged with his death.[178]
    • Nguyen Khanh.[179]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to January 1964.
  1. ^ Malawi. Department of Civil Aviation (1965). Civil Aviation and Air Transport: Development Background, Policies and Plans, 1965-1969. p. 5 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ "Middies No Problem For No. 1 Team — Passing Leads to 28-6 Victory". Chicago Tribune. January 2, 1964. p. 3-1.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M.; Hacker, Barton C.; Vorzimmer, Peter J. "PART II (B) Development and Qualification January 1964 through December 1964". Project Gemini Technology and Operations - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4002. NASA. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  4. ^ "Idlewild Airport Tower Now Called Kennedy". Chicago Tribune. January 2, 1964. p. 14.
  5. ^ "HM Treasury" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
  6. ^ Wallace J. Thies, When Governments Collide: Coercion and Diplomacy in the Vietnam Conflict, 1964-1968 (University of California Press, 1980) p22
  7. ^ Eric S. Packham, Africa in War and Peace (Nova Publishers, 2004) p173
  8. ^ "Ghana President Nkrumah Target of Gunman", Pittsburgh Press, January 3, 1964, p3
  9. ^ South African History Online.
  10. ^ "'Strong SOS' Spurs Hunt for U.S. Plane in Pacific", Chicago Tribune, January 3, 1964, p1
  11. ^ Harro Ranter and Fabian I. Lujan. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-124C Globemaster II 52-0968 Hawaii." Aviation Safety Network.
  12. ^ "Goldwater Promises All-Out Fight", Chicago Tribune, January 4, 1964, p1
  13. ^ "Sen. Goldwater Tells His Views in Statement on Nomination", Chicago Tribune, January 4, 1964, p2
  14. ^ "Jet Explodes and Crashes Beside School", Chicago Tribune, January 4, 1964, p6
  15. ^ George Wright, The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy Towards Angola Since 1945 (Pluto Press, 1997) p47
  16. ^ Fred Bronson, The Billboard Book of Number One Hits (Billboard Books, 2003) p144
  17. ^ "Paar Offers British 'Beatles'", Decatur (IL) Daily Review, January 3, 1964, p5
  18. ^ "TV50: The 1960s". TV50. RTÉ. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
  19. Long Beach Independent Press-Telegram. Long Beach, California
    . January 5, 1964. p. 1.
  20. ^ "Alleged Spy for CIA Executed in Bulgaria". Chicago Tribune. January 6, 1964. p. 15.
  21. Fresno Bee. Fresno, California
    . January 4, 1964. p. 1.
  22. ^ "Yugoslav Rail Wreck Kills 61". Albuquerque Journal. Albuquerque, New Mexico. January 5, 1964. p. 1.
  23. ^ "61 Die, 162 Injured in Yugoslav Wreck". Chicago Tribune. January 5, 1964. p. 1B-10.
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