Jarosław

Coordinates: 50°1′7″N 22°40′47″E / 50.01861°N 22.67972°E / 50.01861; 22.67972
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Jarosław
Town Hall
Town Hall
Car plates
RJA
Websitehttp://www.jaroslaw.pl

Jarosław (Polish:

romanized: Yareslov; German: Jaroslau) is a town in southeastern Poland, situated on the San River. The town had 37,479 inhabitants in 2019.[1] It is the capital of Jarosław County in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship
.

History

Jarosław is located in the territory of the old Polish tribe of the

Władysław Opolczyk
in 1375.

The city quickly developed as an important trade centre and

was established in Jarosław.

A historical view of Jarosław on a mural in the town center

Jarosław was a private town of Polish nobility, including the Tarnowski, Jarosławski, Odrowąż, Kostka, Sieniawski, Zamoyski, Wiśniowiecki, Koniecpolski, Sobieski, Sanguszko and Czartoryski families. The Jarosławski family of Leliwa coat of arms hailed from the town.

In the 1590s

Charles X Gustav in the Battle of Jarosław. In the Great Northern War of 1700-21, the region was repeatedly pillaged by Russian, Saxon, and Swedish
armies, causing the city to decline further.

After the fall of the Rákóczi's War of Independence against Austria in 1711, Hungarian leader Francis II Rákóczi and his court, including essayist Kelemen Mikes, found refuge in Jarosław.[2] In 1711, Rákóczi and some Hungarians left for Gdańsk, while some stayed, and later on, several Hungarians were buried in the local Corpus Christi Collegiate Church, before their exhumation and burial in Hungary in 1907.[3]

In the mid-eighteenth century, Roman Catholics constituted 53.7% of the population, members of the Greek Catholic Church 23.9%, and Jews 22.3%.[4]

Jarosław was annexed by Austria in the First Partition of Poland in 1772. It was part of newly formed Galicia (Austrian Partition) until Poland regained independence in 1918 following World War I. In the interbellum the city was administratively located in the Polish Lwów Voivodeship.

During the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, which started World War II, this was the site of the Battle of Jarosław. Germany defeated the Poles and captured the town. Shortly afterwards the German Einsatzgruppe I entered the town to commit various atrocities against the population.[5] Under German occupation, the town was part of the Kraków District of the General Government.[6] The Polish resistance movement was active in the town, and from May 1940, the underground Polish newspaper Odwet was distributed in Jarosław.[7]

In 1944, the town was captured by the

Fall of Communism in the 1980s. Some local Polish resistance officers were arrested by the Soviets and imprisoned in a Soviet camp in Trzebuska.[8] The communists expelled most of Jarosław's Ukrainian population, at first to Soviet territories and later to territories regained from Germany
.

It was administratively located in the Rzeszów Voivodeship (1945–1974) and Przemyśl Voivodeship (1975–1998).

Jewish Jarosław

The first Jews reportedly arrived in Jarosław in 1464. The first rabbi of Jarosław was Rabbi Nathan Neta Ashkenazi, in 1590. A year later, the new

Lwów
(Lviv).

Until 1608 with a small Jewish community, religious facilities were not allowed. Still, Rabbi Solomon Efraim of Lontschitz (the author of "Kli Yakar"), a prominent and well known rabbi, lived here. By 1670 there was a large "government" synagogue created, although protested by the Christian community of the city. During attacks on the city by Tatars and Swedes, Jewish merchandise and sometimes homes were set on fire. In 1765, there were 1,884 Jews in the city and towns around it. A Jewish school was established sometime later. The famous rabbi Levi Isaac of

Berdyczów
(Berdychiv) studied in Jarosław circa 1760 and was called "the genius of Yeruslav". A fire in 1805 burnt down the old synagogue and a new one was established more according to tradition to replace it. The new synagogue was completed in 1811. A census taken in 1901 notes that Jews were 25% of the population: 5701 Jewish families.

Great Synagogue

In a story about

Jacob Kranc told by Rabbi Jacob Orenstein around 1850, about the appointment of the Jarosław rabbi, Rabbi Orenstein had refused the appointment of Rabbi of Jarosław because it would be against his old uncle's appointment. The city council had already written his appointment and wished to express their sorrow for its cancellation. The Dubner Magid
had just entered the city on a snowy winter day, and was taken directly to Orenstein's house, together with the city council, who happened to pass by him. But the walk up the steps was enough to create a moving speech, remembered years later, and accounted for in the book.

In 1921 the last rabbi was appointed, Rabbi Shmaiya HaLevi Steinberg. He wrote a book about the Jews of his town, and in the 1930s sent two copies to the

Holocaust
.

In September 1939, Jarosław was captured by Germans. Most of the Jews crossed the San river to the Soviet-occupied part of Poland and hid in the Carpathian mountains, including the elder rabbi and his family. Those that stayed were shot and killed by the German soldiers.

Sights

Landmarks

  • Kraków Gate and old fortifications
  • Main Square
  • City Hall
  • Municipal Cultural Centre, former seat of the
    "Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society
  • Old trade centre
  • Pełkinie Palace
  • Rydzikowska house
  • Renaissance Orsetti Museum
  • Attavanti House, now the Center for Culture and City Promotion
  • Gruszewiczowska House
  • Queen Marie
    's House
  • Renaissance Collegiate Church of Corpus Christi, the oldest former
    Jesuit
    church in Poland
  • Benedictine Abbey
  • Baroque Basilica of Our Lady of Sorrows
  • Dominican Monastery
  • Baroque Church of the Holy Trinity
  • Baroque Church of the Holy Spirit
  • Old Synagogue
  • Small Synagogue

Sports

Footballers of JKS 1909 Jarosław in 1909

Jarosław is a town with a long sports history. In 1889, a branch of the

"Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society
was founded in Jarosław. Nowadays, the town's most notable sports club are:

Notable people

Twin towns - sister cities

Jarosław is

twinned with:[10]

Gallery

  • Baroque Dominican church
    Baroque Dominican church
  • Rynek ("Market Square") filled with colourful historic architecture
    Rynek ("Market Square") filled with colourful historic architecture
  • The Jarosław Museum
    The Jarosław Museum
  • Renaissance Corpus Christi Church
    Renaissance Corpus Christi Church
  • Municipal Cultural Centre
    Municipal Cultural Centre
  • St. Nicholas church and Benedictine abbey
    St. Nicholas church and Benedictine abbey
  • Juliusz Słowacki Street
  • Nicolaus Copernicus High School
  • Greek Catholic Church of the Transfiguration
    Greek Catholic Church of the Transfiguration
  • Center for Culture and City Promotion
    Center for Culture and City Promotion
  • Baroque Church of the Holy Spirit
    Baroque Church of the Holy Spirit
  • Monuments to Polish-Hungarian friendship and Major Leon Czechowski
    Monuments to Polish-Hungarian friendship and Major Leon Czechowski

References

  1. ^ "Jarosław w liczbach". polskawliczbach.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  2. .
  3. ^ Z Bogiem za ojczyznę i wolność – o Franciszku II Rakoczym bohaterze Węgier, p. 31
  4. ^ J. Motylkiewicz. "Ethnic Communities in the Towns of the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland in the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries". C. M. Hann, P. R. Magocsi ed. Galicia: A Multicultured Land. University of Toronto Press. 2005. p. 37.
  5. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 58–59.
  6. ^ Wardzyńska, p. 238
  7. ^ Gruszczyński, Włodzimierz (2011). Odwet i Jędrusie (in Polish). Zagnańsk. p. 21.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ISSN 1641-9561
    .
  9. ^ "Joseph Wilf, 'visionary' benefactor, dies at 91". New Jersey Jewish News - NJJN. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Jarosław Official website - Partner Cities". (in Polish) © 2008 Urząd Miasta Jarosław. Ul. Rynek 1, 37-500 Jarosław. Retrieved 23 October 2008.

External links