Jarosław
Jarosław | ||
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Car plates RJA | | |
Website | http://www.jaroslaw.pl |
Jarosław (Polish:
History
Jarosław is located in the territory of the old Polish tribe of the
The city quickly developed as an important trade centre and
Jarosław was a private town of Polish nobility, including the Tarnowski, Jarosławski, Odrowąż, Kostka, Sieniawski, Zamoyski, Wiśniowiecki, Koniecpolski, Sobieski, Sanguszko and Czartoryski families. The Jarosławski family of Leliwa coat of arms hailed from the town.
In the 1590s
After the fall of the Rákóczi's War of Independence against Austria in 1711, Hungarian leader Francis II Rákóczi and his court, including essayist Kelemen Mikes, found refuge in Jarosław.[2] In 1711, Rákóczi and some Hungarians left for Gdańsk, while some stayed, and later on, several Hungarians were buried in the local Corpus Christi Collegiate Church, before their exhumation and burial in Hungary in 1907.[3]
In the mid-eighteenth century, Roman Catholics constituted 53.7% of the population, members of the Greek Catholic Church 23.9%, and Jews 22.3%.[4]
Jarosław was annexed by Austria in the First Partition of Poland in 1772. It was part of newly formed Galicia (Austrian Partition) until Poland regained independence in 1918 following World War I. In the interbellum the city was administratively located in the Polish Lwów Voivodeship.
During the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, which started World War II, this was the site of the Battle of Jarosław. Germany defeated the Poles and captured the town. Shortly afterwards the German Einsatzgruppe I entered the town to commit various atrocities against the population.[5] Under German occupation, the town was part of the Kraków District of the General Government.[6] The Polish resistance movement was active in the town, and from May 1940, the underground Polish newspaper Odwet was distributed in Jarosław.[7]
In 1944, the town was captured by the
It was administratively located in the Rzeszów Voivodeship (1945–1974) and Przemyśl Voivodeship (1975–1998).
Jewish Jarosław
The first Jews reportedly arrived in Jarosław in 1464. The first rabbi of Jarosław was Rabbi Nathan Neta Ashkenazi, in 1590. A year later, the new
Until 1608 with a small Jewish community, religious facilities were not allowed. Still, Rabbi Solomon Efraim of Lontschitz (the author of "Kli Yakar"), a prominent and well known rabbi, lived here. By 1670 there was a large "government" synagogue created, although protested by the Christian community of the city. During attacks on the city by Tatars and Swedes, Jewish merchandise and sometimes homes were set on fire. In 1765, there were 1,884 Jews in the city and towns around it. A Jewish school was established sometime later. The famous rabbi Levi Isaac of
In a story about
In 1921 the last rabbi was appointed, Rabbi Shmaiya HaLevi Steinberg. He wrote a book about the Jews of his town, and in the 1930s sent two copies to the
In September 1939, Jarosław was captured by Germans. Most of the Jews crossed the San river to the Soviet-occupied part of Poland and hid in the Carpathian mountains, including the elder rabbi and his family. Those that stayed were shot and killed by the German soldiers.
Sights
Landmarks
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Sports
Jarosław is a town with a long sports history. In 1889, a branch of the
- JKS 1909 Jarosław, one of the region's oldest football teams, which competes in the lower leagues
- Znicz Jarosław, men's basketball team, which competed in the Polish Basketball League (country's top division) in the past, most recently in the 2009–10 season
- JKS Jarosław, women's handball team, which competes in the Polish Women's Superliga (country's top division)
Notable people
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Twin towns - sister cities
Jarosław is
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Gallery
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Baroque Dominican church
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Rynek ("Market Square") filled with colourful historic architecture
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The Jarosław Museum
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Renaissance Corpus Christi Church
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Municipal Cultural Centre
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St. Nicholas church and Benedictine abbey
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Juliusz Słowacki Street
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Nicolaus Copernicus High School
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Greek Catholic Church of the Transfiguration
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Center for Culture and City Promotion
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Baroque Church of the Holy Spirit
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Monuments to Polish-Hungarian friendship and Major Leon Czechowski
References
- ^ "Jarosław w liczbach". polskawliczbach.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- ISBN 978-83-62235-88-9.
- ^ Z Bogiem za ojczyznę i wolność – o Franciszku II Rakoczym bohaterze Węgier, p. 31
- ^ J. Motylkiewicz. "Ethnic Communities in the Towns of the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland in the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries". C. M. Hann, P. R. Magocsi ed. Galicia: A Multicultured Land. University of Toronto Press. 2005. p. 37.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 58–59.
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 238
- ^ Gruszczyński, Włodzimierz (2011). Odwet i Jędrusie (in Polish). Zagnańsk. p. 21.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISSN 1641-9561.
- ^ "Joseph Wilf, 'visionary' benefactor, dies at 91". New Jersey Jewish News - NJJN. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Jarosław Official website - Partner Cities". (in Polish) © 2008 Urząd Miasta Jarosław. Ul. Rynek 1, 37-500 Jarosław. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
External links
- Jarosław city portal
- Jewish Jarosław (Hebrew)
- Jarosław (Yaruslav) Hassidim in Modern day Israel