Jayaprakash Narayan

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"Loknayak" redirects here. For the 2004 Indian film about him, see Loknayak (film).

Jayaprakash Narayan
JP Movement
SpousePrabhavati Devi
RelativesBrajkishore Prasad (father-in-law)
Awards
(1999) (posthumously)

Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listen

Magsaysay award
for public service in 1965.

Early life

Jayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October 1902

British India (present-day Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India).[5] [a] His house was near the banks of the flood-prone Ghaghara river; every time the river swelled, the house would be slightly damaged, eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres away to a settlement that is now known as Jay Prakash Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.[citation needed
]

Narayan came from a

Krishna Singh, his deputy Anugrah Narayan Sinha and several others who became politicians and academics.[9]

In October 1918, Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's elder daughter and freedom fighter

non-cooperation movement against the passing of the Rowlatt Act of 1919. Azad was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies. That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being".[citation needed] Inspired by Azad's words, Jayaprakash left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining to his examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by Rajendra Prasad, and became among the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.[citation needed
]

Higher education in the United States

After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Narayan decided to continue his studies in the United States.[10] At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship Janus while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) in January 1923.[12] To pay for his education, Narayan picked grapes, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, and worked as a garage mechanic and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. These jobs gave Narayan an insight into the difficulties of the working class.[1][2]

After a semester studying chemistry

Edward A. Ross.[citation needed
]

In Wisconsin, Narayan was introduced to

Harvard, ultimately persuading him to return to India and join the independence movement there.[16]

Politics

Narayan with Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion in Tel Aviv, 1958

Having become a Marxist, Narayan returned from the US to India in late 1929.[17] The same year, he joined the Indian National Congress (INC or Congress) on the invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru; Mahatma Gandhi became Narayan's mentor in the Congress. Narayan shared a house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with his close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)[18] with whom he shared a lasting friendship.[18]

After being jailed in 1930 for

Rammanohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Asoka Mehta, Basawon Singh, Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami and other national leaders. After his release, the Congress Socialist Party (CSP), a left-wing group within the Congress, was formed with Acharya Narendra Deva as president and Narayan as general secretary.[citation needed
]

When Mahatma Gandhi launched the

Gaya with Narayan on his shoulders,[19] a distance of about 124 km (77 mi).[20] Narayan also served as the[21]
chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

After Independence

Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of All India Railwaymen's Federation, the largest labour union in Indian Railways.[22]

Emergency

In 1975,

Emergency on the midnight of 25 June 1975.[citation needed] Desai, opposition leaders, and dissenting members of Gandhi's own party were arrested that day.[citation needed
]

Jayaprakash Narayan gathered a crowd of 100,000 people at

Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s poem Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai.[23]

Narayan was detained at Chandigarh; he asked for one month parole to mobilise relief in flooded parts of Bihar. His health suddenly deteriorated on 24 October 1975, and he was released on 12 November the same year.[citation needed] At Jaslok Hospital, Bombay, Narayan was diagnosed with kidney failure; he would be on kidney dialysis for the rest of his life.[citation needed]

In the UK,

Philip Noel-Baker.[24]

On 18 January 1977, Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency and announced elections. The Janata Party, a vehicle for the broad spectrum of the opposition to Gandhi, was formed under JP's guidance.[citation needed] The Janata Party was voted into power and became the first non-Congress party to form a central government.[25] In the 1977 Indian presidential election, Narayan was proposed as President of India by Janata Party leaders but he refused and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, then Speaker of the Lok Sabha, became President.[citation needed]

Private life

At the age of 17, Jayaprakash was married to Prabhavati Devi, daughter of lawyer and nationalist Brij Kishore Prasad in October 1919. Prabhavati was very independent and on Gandhi's invitation, went to stay at his ashram while Jayaprakash continued his studies.[26] Prabhavati Devi died on 15 April 1973 after a long battle with cancer.[citation needed]

Death

In March 1979, while he was in hospital, Narayan's death was

erroneously announced by the Indian prime minister Morarji Desai, causing a wave of national mourning, including the suspension of parliament and regular radio broadcasting, and the closure of schools and shops. When he was told about the mistake a few weeks later, Narayan smiled.[27] Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,[28] on 8 October 1979, three days before his 77th birthday, due to effects of diabetes and heart disease.[citation needed
]

Awards

Narayan on a 2001 stamp of India

Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan

Jayaprakash Narayan's statue near Mirza Ghalib College in Gaya, Bihar, India

Artistic depictions of JP

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Sitabdiara is a large village straddling two states and three districts—Saran and Bhojpur in Bihar, and Ballia in Uttar Pradesh.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c "The Idea of 'Total Revolution'". Bangalore Mirror. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Khushwant Singh (30 March 1975). "A new wave from the old India". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  3. ISBN 978-81-7625-734-3
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-81-7220-157-9
    . Retrieved 5 June 2023. asked him whether Narayan was his surname. He said no and said that he was in fact Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava. Jayaprakash Narayan is his name and Srivastava is his surname. Conversations centered on the community of Kayasthas
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-561204-2
    .
  6. ^ "A forgotten hero's forgotten legacy". Archived from the original on 16 August 2017.
  7. ISBN 978-81-8324-001-7
    .
  8. ISBN 978-81-250-1021-0
    .
  9. ISBN 9780836401158
    .
  10. ^
    ISBN 978-81-8324-001-7
    .
  11. ISBN 978-81-7625-734-3
    .
  12. ^ Chishti, Seema (11 October 2017). "Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time". The India Express. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  13. hdl:2027/coo.31924064686276
    .
  14. ^ Narayan, JP. Cultural variation. Diss. The Ohio State University, 1929.
  15. ^ "Writings of Jayprakash Narayan". www.mkgandhi.org. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  16. ^ S, Lekshmi Priya (4 August 2018). "This Unsung Kerala Scholar Was The Architect of the Quit India Movement in Malabar!". The Better India. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  17. ISBN 978-81-8324-001-7
    .
  18. ^
    ISBN 978-81-7488-865-5
    .
  19. ^ a b Srivastava, N.M.P. (1988). Struggle for Freedom: Some Great Indian Revolutionaries. K.P.Jayaswal Research Institute, Government of Bihar, Patna.
  20. ^ Distance between Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya. Maps.google.co.in. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  21. ^ "Bihar Vibhuti's Legacy Drifting into Oblivion?". Patna Daily. 6 January 2012. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  22. ISBN 9780231140027
    .
  23. ^ Harish Khare (16 May 2001). "Obligations of a lameduck". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  24. ^ McRobie, George (30 June 2003). "Surur Hoda: Trade unionist who spread the message of Mahatma Gandhi". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  25. ^ "How non-BJP, non-Congress governments in India have fared in the past". thenewsminute.com. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  26. ^ a b Vaidya, Prem. "Jayaprakash Narayan – Keeper of India's Conscience". LiberalsIndia.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  27. ^ "Jayaprakash Narayan's death announced mistakenly". www.indianexpress.com. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  28. ^ Datta-Ray, Sunanda K. "Inconvenient Prophet". India Today. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2012.[failed verification]
  29. ^ Correspondent, NDTV (24 January 2011). "List of all Bharat Ratna award winners". ndtv.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  30. ^ "Blog Entry# 1555434". India Rail. 1 August 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  31. ^ "Uncensored 'Loknayak' to be screened soon". The Times of India. 19 October 2004. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  32. ^ "Loknayak". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  33. ^ ""I am fully indebted to theatre"". The Hindu. 31 May 2010. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

Further reading and bibliography

External links

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