Jazz standard

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Jazz standards
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Jazz standards and tunes
Standards: Before 1920
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s and later
A–Z of jazz standards and tunes
This article is about the song type. For the NYC venue, see Jazz Standard (jazz club). For other uses, see Jazz standard (disambiguation).

Jazz standards are

fake book
publications (sheet music collections of popular tunes) and jazz reference works offer a rough guide to which songs are considered standards.

Not all jazz standards were written by jazz composers. Many are originally

pop standards
.

The most recorded standard composed by a jazz musician, and one of the most covered songs of all time, is

Body and Soul" by Johnny Green.[5]

Before 1920

Main article: List of pre-1920 jazz standards
Original Dixieland Jazz Band, from the original 1918 promotional postcard while the band was playing at Reisenweber's Cafe in New York City. Shown are (left to right) Tony Sbarbaro (aka Tony Spargo) on drums; Edwin "Daddy" Edwards on trombone; D. James "Nick" LaRocca on cornet; Larry Shields on clarinet, and Henry Ragas
on piano.

From its conception at the change of the twentieth century, jazz was music intended for dancing. This influenced the choice of material played by early jazz groups:

Dixieland" or "New Orleans jazz", to distinguish it from more recent subgenres.[9]

The origins of jazz are in the musical traditions of early twentieth-century

St. Louis Blues" and "St. James Infirmary". Tin Pan Alley songwriters contributed several songs to the jazz standard repertoire, including "Indiana" and "After You've Gone". Others, such as "Some of These Days" and "Darktown Strutters' Ball", were introduced by vaudeville performers. The most often recorded standards of this period are W. C. Handy's "St. Louis Blues", Turner Layton and Henry Creamer's "After You've Gone" and James Hanley and Ballard MacDonald's "Indiana".[11]

1920s

Main article: List of 1920s jazz standards

A period known as the "

King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band and Jelly Roll Morton recorded in the city. However, Chicago's importance as a center of jazz music started to diminish toward the end of the 1920s in favor of New York.[13]

In the early years of jazz, record companies were often eager to decide what songs were to be recorded by their artists. Popular numbers in the 1920s were pop hits such as "Sweet Georgia Brown", "Dinah" and "Bye Bye Blackbird". The first jazz artist to be given some liberty in choosing his material was Louis Armstrong, whose band helped popularize many of the early standards in the 1920s and 1930s.[7]

Some compositions written by jazz artists have endured as standards, including

Blue Skies" (1927) and Cole Porter's "What Is This Thing Called Love?" (1929). However, it was not until the 1930s that musicians became comfortable with the harmonic and melodic sophistication of Broadway tunes and started including them regularly in their repertoire.[13]

1930s

Main article: List of 1930s jazz standards

Body and Soul", was introduced in Broadway and became a huge hit after Coleman Hawkins's 1939 recording.[5]

1930s saw the rise of

swing jazz as a dominant form in American music. Duke Ellington and his band members composed numerous swing era hits that have later become standards: "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" (1932), "Sophisticated Lady" (1933) and "Caravan" (1936), among others. Other influential band leaders of this period were Benny Goodman and Count Basie
.

1940s

Main article: List of 1940s jazz standards

The swing era lasted until the mid-1940s, and produced popular tunes such as Duke Ellington's "Cotton Tail" (1940) and Billy Strayhorn's "Take the 'A' Train" (1941). With the big bands struggling to keep going during World War II, a shift was happening in jazz in favor of smaller groups. Some swing era musicians, such as Louis Jordan, later found popularity in a new kind of music, called "rhythm and blues", that would evolve into rock and roll in the 1950s.[15]

Bebop emerged in the early 1940s, with Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie and Thelonious Monk leading the way. It appealed to a more specialized audiences than earlier forms of jazz, with sophisticated harmonies, fast tempos and often virtuoso musicianship. Bebop musicians often used 1930s standards, especially those from Broadway musicals, as part of their repertoire.[15] Among standards written by bebop musicians are Gillespie's "Salt Peanuts" (1941) and "A Night in Tunisia" (1942), Parker's "Anthropology" (1946), "Yardbird Suite" (1946) and "Scrapple from the Apple" (1947), and Monk's "'Round Midnight" (1944), which is currently one of the most recorded jazz standards composed by a jazz musician.[16]

1950s and later

Main article: List of post-1950 jazz standards

Round About Midnight" (1959), John Coltrane's "My Favorite Things"(1961)[17] and Herbie Hancock
's "Watermelon Man" and "Cantaloupe Island".

In

Antonio Carlos Jobim and Luiz Bonfá. Gilberto and Stan Getz started a bossa nova craze in the United States with their 1963 album Getz/Gilberto. Among the genre's songs that are now considered standards are Bonfá's "Manhã de Carnaval" (1959), Marcos Valle's "Summer Samba" (1966), and numerous Jobim's songs, including "Desafinado" (1959), "The Girl from Ipanema" (1962) and "Corcovado
" (1962).

The

Chaka Kahn's "Echoes of an Era", and Carly Simon's "Torch" were 80s jazz standard albums.[19]
In 1990s, UK jazz rap group US 3 gained hit jazz standard "Cantaloupe Island".

See also

  • List of jazz standards
  • Jazz Rap

References

Notes
  1. ^ "What Types of Compositions Become Jazz Standards?" jazzstandards.com. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
  2. ^ "Caravan by Barney Bigard and His Jazzopators on WhoSampled". WhoSampled.
  3. ^ "Most Covered Tracks". WhoSampled.
  4. ^ St. Louis Blues at jazzstandards.com - retrieved on February 20, 2009.
  5. ^ a b "Body and Soul". jazzstandards.com. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
  6. ISBN 9781136592294
    .
  7. ^ a b Tyle, Chris. "Jazz History". JazzStandards.com. Retrieved May 18, 2009.
  8. ISBN 9781610658294
    .
  9. ^ Kernfeld 1995, p. 2
  10. ^ Hardie 2002, p. 27
  11. ^ Tyle, Chris. "Jazz History: The Standards (Early Period)". JazzStandards.com. Retrieved June 18, 2009.
  12. ^ Faulkner, Anne Shaw (August 1921). "Does Jazz Put the Sin in Syncopation?". Ladies Home Journal: 16–34. Archived from the original on June 20, 2010. Retrieved March 20, 2010.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  13. ^ a b Tyle, Chris. "Jazz History: The Standards (1920s)". JazzStandards.com. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  14. ^ a b "Songs – Top 50". JazzStandards.com. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  15. ^ a b Jazz History: The Standards (1940s) on jazzstandards.com - retrieved on May 18, 2009
  16. ^ "Jazz Standards Songs and Instrumentals ('Round Midnight)".
  17. ^ Is My Favorite Things・・・" famuse.co. Retrieved 9 January 2024
  18. ^ Deodato allmusic.com Retrieved 10 January 2024
  19. ^ Torch allmusic.com Retrieved 8 January 2024
Further reading
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