John, Duke of Berry
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John | |
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Bonne of Bohemia |
John of Berry or John the Magnificent (
John is primarily remembered as a collector of the important illuminated manuscripts and other works of art commissioned by him, such as the Très Riches Heures. His personal motto was Le temps venra ("the time will come").[1]
Biography
John was born at the castle of
Service as regent
Upon the death of his older brother Charles V in 1380, his son and heir,
In the 1390s, the Duke of Berry and Burgundy would jockey for royal favor against the Duke of Orléans, Charles VI's brother. In April of 1401, while the Duke of Orléans was away from court, King Charles VI's uncles made him sign the lieutenancy of Languedoc, Berry, Auvergne, and Poitou back over to Jean de Berry.[4]
Later life
In his later years, John became a more conciliatory figure in France. After the death of Philip the Bold in 1404, he was the last surviving son of King John,
Family and children
John had the following issue by his first wife,
- Bonne of Berry (1367–1435), who succeeded him as Viscountess of Carlat and married first Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy,[7] and then Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac
- Charles of Berry, Count of Montpensier(1371–1383)
- Jeanne of Berry (1373–1375)
- Beatrice of Berry (April 1374)
- Louis III of Châtillon, then Philip of Artois, Count of Eu and finally John I, Duke of Bourbon
- Catherine of France, daughter of Charles V, King of France; and later married Anne de Bourbon
- Louis of Berry (1383, died young)
Illegitimate son by a Scottish woman:
- Owuoald (1370 – before 1382), born in England during John's captivity.
In 1389 he married his second wife, Joan II, Countess of Auvergne (c.1378-1424).[8][9]
Art patron
John of Berry was also a notable patron who commissioned among other works the most famous
Works created for him include the manuscripts known as the Très Riches Heures, the
The web site of the
Ancestors
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Footnotes
- ^ Jean de Berry, la science et les Très Riches Heures, la devise Le temps venra et le chiffre EV [article] sem-linkMme Patricia Stirnemann sem-linkJean-Baptiste Lebigue Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France Année 2015 2010 pp. 298-304 [1]
- ^ a b c d e f Emmerson 2013, p. 381.
- ^ Keane 2016, p. 17.
- ^ Lehoux, Françoise (1966). Jean de France, duc de Berri, sa vie, son action politique (1340-1416) (in French). Paris: Éditions A. et J. Picard et Cie. p. 448.
- ^ Emmerson 2013, p. 382.
- ^ Ars subtilior and the Patronage of French Princes, Yolanda Plumley, Early Music History: Volume 22: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Music, ed. Iain Fenlon, (Cambridge University Press, 2003), 145-146.
- ^ Joni M. Hand, Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350–1550, (Ashgate, 2013), 25.
- ^ John, Duke of Berry, Richard C. Famiglietti, Medieval France: An Encyclopedia, ed. William W. Kibler, (Routledge, 1995), 498.
- ^ Emmerson 2013, pp. 381–382.
- ^ Victoria and Albert Museum
- ^ Strayer, J. R. (1982). Dictionary of the middle ages. New York: Scribner.[page needed]
- ^ Thomas, Marcel (1980). The Golden Age: Manuscript Painting at the Time of Jean, Duc de Berry. London: Book Club Associates. pp. 10–12.
- ^ Dossier thématique : La France en 1400 : Jean de Berry[permanent dead link] at museedulouvre.fr (accessed 20 February 2008)
- ISBN 978-0-8203-5354-8.
Sources
- Emmerson, Richard K. (2013). Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1136775185.
- Keane, Marguerite (2016). Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331-1398). Brill.
External links
- Stein, Wendy A. "Patronage of Jean de Berry (1340–1416)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (May 2009)
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.