Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
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Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist ʒozɛf ɡɔbɛl]; 1 September 1727 – 13 April 1794) was a French Catholic cleric and politician of the Revolution. He was executed during the Reign of Terror.
Biography
Gobel was born in the town of
German College in Rome
, from which he graduated in 1743.
Clerical career
Gobel was ordained a Catholic priest in 1750 and then became a member of the
The turning-point of his life was Gobel's action in taking the oath of the
Antoine-Eléonore-Léon Le Clerc de Juigné, as the legitimate Archbishop of Paris during that period.[5]
Politics
On 8 November 1792, Gobel was appointed administrator of Paris. His public display of
17th Brumaire in the year II (7 November 1793),[6] he came before the bar of the National Convention for his activities as civil commissioner in Porrentruy, and, in a famous scene, resigned his episcopal functions, proclaiming that he did so for love of the people, and through respect for their wishes. The previous night, a delegation from the Commune led by Hébert, Chaumette and Cloots had demanded that he publicly renounce his faith or be put to death by the people.[7][8]
The followers of
anti-Christian policy, claimed Gobel as their representative.[2] At the same time, Hébert's rival Maximilien Robespierre viewed Gobel as an atheist – although he was not accused of apostasy, and never publicly professed atheism
.
Robespierre's vision of a
Lucile Desmoulins, wife of the recently executed Camille Desmoulins; Françoise Hebert, wife of the recently executed Hébert; and an assortment of other prisoners of various types.[9] Gobel, on being thrown into prison, suffered the agonies of acute remorse. He hastened to do all in his power to repair his misconduct; he sent his written confession to the Abbé Lothringer, and signed the document, not as bishop of Paris, but of Lydda. He entreated the Abbé to give him the benefit of his ministrations in his last moments, to come to the Conciergerie at the time when he was leaving it for the guillotine, and to pronounce over him the form of absolution, not forgetting the clause "ab omni vinculo excommunicationis".[10] Gobel's penitence was likewise attested by the Abbé Emery and the Abbé Gaston de Sambucy.[11]
All of the alleged conspirators were sentenced to death on the morning of 13 April and guillotined that same afternoon.
Bibliography
- 1790 - Opinion de M. l'évêque de Lydda sur le rapport du Comité ecclésiastique concernant l'organisation du clergé. Proposée à l'Assemblée nationale en la séance du mardi premier juin 1790
- 1790 - Lettre de Monsieur l'évêque de Lydda, député d'Alsace, département du Haut-Rhin, écrite a ses commettans, relativement à la déclaration d'une partie de l'Assemblée nationale, sur le décret rendu le 13 avril 1790, concernant la religion
- 1790 - Correspondance du reverend évêque de Lydda, avec ses commettans
- 1791 - Problême intéressant proposé a M. l'Évêque de Lydda [i.e. Jean Baptiste Joseph Gobel]
- 1791 - Mandement de Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobet [sic], évêque de Lidda et de Paris, sur la mort d'Honoré Riquetti-Mirabeau
- 1791 - Lettre de Monsieur l'évêque métropolitain de Paris, contenant des vues de pacification sur les troubles actuels de l'Église de France. En réponse à celle de M. Charrier de La Roche, lui annonçant sa démission de l'evêché métropolitain de Rouen
- 1791 - Lettre pastorale de Monsieur l'évêque métropolitain de Paris, au clergé & aux fidèles de son diocèse
- 1791 - Accord des vrais principes de l'Église, de la morale, et de la raison, sur la Constitution civile du clergé de France
- 1792 - Mandement de l'eveque de Paris, portant abolition du Careme, et prorogation du carnaval
- 1793 - Mémoire justificatif pour le citoyen Gobel, évêque métropolitain de Paris
Notes
- ^ "Bishop Friedrich Ludwig Franz von Wangen zu Geroldseck". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gobel, Jean Baptiste Joseph". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 165.
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p.202
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p.206
- ^ "Archbishop Antoine-Eléonore-Léon Le Clerc de Juigné". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ Citizens, Simon Schama, Penguin 1989 p.778
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p.381
- ^ Citizens, Simon Schama, Penguin 1989 p.778
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989, p.416-417
- ^ Élisabeth Liris et Jean-Maurice Bizière, La Révolution et la mort, Toulouse, Presses Univ. du Mirail, 1991, p. 94.
- ^ William Henley Jervis (1882). The Gallican Church and the Revolution. A Sequel to the 'History of the Church of France from the Concordat of Bologna to the Revolution'. K. Paul, Trench, & Company. p. 253.
General references
- François Victor Alphonse Aulard, "La Culte de la raison" in the review La Révolution Française (1891).
- Étienne Charavay, Assemble electorale de Paris (Paris, 1890).
- H. Monin, La Chanson et l'Eglise sous la Révolution (Paris, 1892).
- "Episcopat de Gobel" in vol. iii. (1900) of Jean Maurice Tourneux, Bibliographie de l'histoire de Paris pendant la Rév. Fr.