Adolphe Alphand
Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand | |
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Corps of Bridges and Roads |
Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand (French pronunciation:
Life and career
Born in
In 1854, the year after Haussmann was promoted to the powerful role of prefect of Seine in Paris by Emperor Napoleon III, Haussmann hired Alphand as chief engineer of the Bois de Boulogne, a role which soon expanded into director of the newly formed parks department (Service des Promenades et Plantations) in 1855, as well as later into an all-around director of public works.[1] Under Napoleon III, Alphand participated in the renovation of Paris directed by Baron Haussmann between 1852 and 1870, in the company of engineer Eugène Belgrand and the landscape architect Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps among others.[2] As head of the parks department, Alphand worked closely with his chief architect Gabriel Davioud.
Alphand created walks, parks and gardens designed to embellish and sanitise Paris. He also heavily remodeled the Bois de Vincennes and Bois de Boulogne in Paris's 12th and 16th arrondissements, respectively. Among the most dramatic transformations was the Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, established on the site of a former quarry, complete with waterfalls and grotto.[3] In total, during the French Second Empire period, Alphand oversaw the creation or renovation of two large parks outside the city walls, three mid-size parks within the city walls, approximately 20 small garden "squares," and numerous tree-lined walks along avenues and boulevards in Paris.[4] Although public parks had previously existed, according to one scholar, "Never before, in Europe or beyond, had landscape architecture played such a prominent role in so vast an urban renewal project."[5]
Adolphe Alphand's notable accomplishments include:
- The Square du Temple
- The Paris Observatory Avenue (Avenue de l'Observatoire)
- The gardens of Champs-Élysées
- Parc Monceau
- Boulevard Richard-Lenoir
- The Bois de Vincennes
- Parc Montsouris
- The Bois de Boulogne
- The Parc des Buttes-Chaumont
- The Square des Batignolles
- The Jardin des Plantes du Mans
After the retirement of Baron Haussmann, his successor, Léon Say, entrusted to Alphand the position of Director of Public Works of Paris. Under this title, Alphand continued Haussmann's works. Alphand also became the Director of Water Works after the death of Eugène Belgrand in 1878. In particular, Alphand directed the construction of:
- The fortifications of Paris
- The Trocadéro Gardens, carried out for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1878
- Preparation for the Universal Exposition of 1889
- The promenade and the gardens of Paris's Hôtel de Ville
Alphand died in 1891. He was interred at Père Lachaise Cemetery (division 67) after a grand funeral organised by the City of Paris. Avenue Alphand in Paris's 16th arrondissement was named after him in 1907.
Bibliography
- Alphand, Adolphe (1867-1873). Les Promenades de Paris. Texte [Text]. Rothschild.
- Alphand, Adolphe (1867-1873). Les Promenades de Paris. Planches [Plates]. Paris: Rothschild.
- Alphand, Adolphe (1984). Les Promenades de Paris. ISBN 0-910413-06-1. Reprint. Originally published Paris : Rothschild, 1867–1873.
References
- )
- doi:10.22269/220119.
- S2CID 110945682.
- ^ Shapiro, Gideon Fink (2015-01-01). Hunt, John Dixon (ed.). "The Promenades of Paris. Alphand and the Urbanization of Garden Art, 1852-1871". University of Pennsylvania Dissertations.
- ISBN 9780415706957.
- ^ International Plant Names Index. Alphand.
- Fierro, Alfred (1999). "Buttes-Chaumont". Life and History of the 19th Arrondissement. Paris: Editions Hervas. pp. 80–100. ISBN 2-903118-29-9.
Further reading
- ISBN 0-9769251-0-9.
- Hopkins, Richard S. (2015). Planning the Greenspaces of Nineteenth-Century Paris. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0807159867, 9780807159866.
- Jordan, David P. (1995). Transforming Paris: The Life and Labors of Baron Haussmann. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0029165318, 978–0029165317.
- Komara, Ann (2004). "Concrete and the Engineered Picturesque the Parc des Buttes Chaumont (Paris, 1867). Journal of Architectural Education Vol. 58, No. 1, Construction and Context (Sep., 2004), pp. 5-12.
- Komara, Ann (2009). "Measure and Map: Alphand's Contours of Construction at the Parc des Buttes Chaumont, Paris 1867." Landscape Journal Vol. 28, No. 1 (2009), pp. 22-39
- Picon, Antoine. "Nineteenth-Century Cartography and the Scientific Ideal: The Case of Paris." Osiris Vol 18 (2003), pp 135–149. University of Chicago Press.
- Shapiro, Gideon Fink. "Alphand and the Urbanization of Garden Art in Paris." In Urban Landscape Vol. 3 (pp. 162–175), Edited by Anita Berrizbeitia. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415706957