Jean Malouel
Jean Malouel | |
---|---|
Born | c. 1365 |
Died | c. 1416 |
Nationality | Dutch |
Known for | Painting |
Jean Malouel, or Jan Maelwael in his native Dutch,[1] (c. 1365 – 1415) was a Dutch artist who was the court painter of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and his successor John the Fearless, working in the International Gothic style.
Documented life
He was presumably born in the old
Malouel is recorded as working in Paris painting armorial decorations on cloth (probably for banners) for
Attributed works
Among a number of other commissions, many for decorative painting in the palaces, Malouel is recorded as receiving in 1398 the wood for five altarpiece panels for the
Malouel's oeuvre on
The large (162 x 211 cm) altarpiece, also in the Louvre, of the Martyrdom of St Denis with the Trinity (or The Last Communion and Martyrdom of Saint Denis), also from Champmol, may have been begun by Malouel but completed by
Malouel is also believed to have been the originator of a portrait image of Philip of about 1400 which survives only in versions believed to be later. He is recorded as working on a portrait of John the Fearless for the King of Portugal in 1413,
A number of other works are, or have been, attributed to Malouel or his workshop, including a smaller Pietà tondo in the Louvre,
Notes
- ^ Getty Union Artist Name List for the many variant spellings
- ^ For more details on this typically concentrated family of artists, see d Guest, pp. 260–61.
- ^ Janson
- ^ concise Grove
- ^ Noviomagus family history
- ^ Snyder, 70
- ^ Nash, 9
- ^ The tondo is the only work in the Louvre that they attribute to Malouel, on which point they are "sans doute" (see website link). For Châtelet (p. 16) "the one certain work" is the Louvre St Denis altarpiece; he suggests Henri Bellechose did all or most of the tondo as Malouel's workshop assistant.
- ^ Snyder, 69
- ^ Snyder, 69
- ^ Snyder, 70 and Châtelet, 16–18 and 191 – against Malouel's involvement are concise Grove, and it is not mentioned on the Louvre website. Châtelet, 16–18 discusses the issues most fully. He feels the painting would have been painted from the top of the image downwards, so the upper portions are by Malouel.
- ^ Châtelet, 20
- ^ A rare & often cited record of a portrait commission from that date. Since the quantities of materials were small, portraits normally escape notice in the accounts
- ^ Joconde image
- ^ Images of the two Madonnas
- ^ Snyder, 70
- ^ The Berlin Madonna is described in detail in: Gelfand, pp. 41–47. The work was originally published, attributed and proposed as half a diptych in: Meiss, Millard, and Colin Eisler. "A New French Primitive." The Burlington Magazine 102 (1960): 234 ff. (not seen). Gelfand (p.44) prefers the theory that a portrait of Philip the Bold sighted in Champmol in 1791 was the companion to the Berlin Madonna. Châtelet (p. 20) accepts it as by the same hand as the higher parts of the St Denis altarpiece, for him Malouel, and not by the artist of the large Louvre Pietà tondo.
- ^ image from Insecula Archived 2008-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Snyder, 72–73; Châtelet, 21–22 and 190-91; One of the Baltimore panels Archived 2009-03-02 at the Wayback Machine in the Walters Art Museum – the first photo is the Annunciation – the Baptism of Christ is shown in the enlarged view. All the panels (bottom of page) Archived 2008-08-29 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Châtelet, 16–25 and 190-93. Of their works, the Louvre only attribute the large tondo to Malouel.
References
- Châtelet, Albert, Early Dutch Painting, Painting in the northern Netherlands in the fifteenth century, 1980, Montreux, Lausanne, ISBN 2-88260-009-7
- Gelfand, Laura D.; Fifteenth-century Netherlandish devotional diptychs; Origins and function, 1994, PhD dissertation[permanent dead link], Case Western Reserve University.
- Guest, Tanis and Nijsten, Gerard; In the Shadow of Burgundy: The Court of Guelders in the Late Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-521-82075-8
- Janson, Horst Woldemar and Janson, Anthony F.; History of Art: The Western Tradition, Prentice Hall PTR, 2003,
- Nash, Susie. "The Two Tombs of Philip the Bold". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, vol. LXXXII, 2019
- ISBN 0-13-623596-4