Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds
Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds | ||||
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Producer | Jeff Wayne | |||
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Singles from Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds | ||||
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Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds is a studio double album by American-born British musician, composer, and record producer Jeff Wayne, released on 9 June 1978 by CBS Records. It is an album musical adapted from the science-fiction novel The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells in a rock opera style with a rock band, orchestra, narrator, and leitmotifs to carry the story and lyrics that express the feelings of the various characters. The album features guest artists David Essex, Justin Hayward, Phil Lynott, Chris Thompson, and Julie Covington, with actor Richard Burton as the narrator.
The album became a commercial success in the UK, peaking at number five on the chart and selling over 2.7 million copies there since its release. In 2018, it was the UK's 32nd best-selling studio album of all time, and has sold an estimated 15 million copies worldwide. It won two Ivor Novello Awards, including one for Wayne and main lyricist Gary Osborne for Best Instrumental or Popular Orchestral Work. Two singles from the album were released; "Forever Autumn", with Hayward on lead vocals, reached number five in the UK, followed by the disco-inspired opening track, "The Eve of the War". Wayne's adaptation has spawned multiple versions including video games, DVDs, and live stage shows.
Plot summary
Sides one and two: The Coming of the Martians
In a prologue, the Journalist notes that in the late 19th century few people had even considered the possible existence of extraterrestrial life, yet planet Earth had in fact long been enviously observed by advanced beings.
The Journalist's account begins later that year, with the sighting of several bursts of green gas which, for ten consecutive nights, erupt from the surface of Mars and appear to approach Earth. Ogilvy, an astronomer convinced that no life could exist on Mars, assures the Journalist there is no danger. Eventually, something crashes onto
Sides three and four: The Earth Under the Martians
The wandering Journalist discovers that
In the first epilogue, the Journalist reports that the Martians were defeated by Earth's bacteria—to which they had no resistance—and that, as humanity recovered from the invasion, he was reunited with Carrie. But, he says, the question remains: is Earth now safe, or are the Martians learning from their failures and preparing for a second invasion?
In the second epilogue, set 80 years later, a NASA mission to Mars flounders when the control center from Pasadena loses contact with the uncrewed spacecraft. The controller sees a green flare erupt from Mars' surface. The controller tries to contact NASA, but all communication seems to have been blocked. This leaves a question mark of what's going to happen and the fate of the Earth, with the possibility of a second Martian invasion.
Character differences from Wells' novel
- The Journalist is an amalgam of two of Wells' characters: a writer of speculative philosophy, who narrates much of the novel, and his younger brother who is a medical student and narrates the flight from London and HMS Thunder Child sequences.
- Carrie, The Journalist's fiancée, does not exist in the novel, where the narrator has an unnamed wife.
- The character of the curate, who is not given a name in the novel, is changed to Parson Nathaniel, who is introduced in the second act instead of prior to the Thunder Child sequence.
- Beth, Parson Nathaniel's wife, also does not exist in the novel.
Production
Background and writing
The album originated when Wayne was touring with singer-songwriter
In January 1975,[6] Wayne and his father acquired the rights to adapt the work from Wells's estate, which at the time was overseen by Wells's son Frank. Wayne spent three months locating Frank Wells, and found his ideas were well received because it was the first adaptation that stayed true to the story.[4] Wayne was aware of the famous 1938 radio drama adaptation directed and narrated by Orson Welles, but he wanted to stay close to the original story and set his version in Victorian England.[4] From the start Wayne saw his adaptation as an opera, with "story, leitmotifs, musical phrases, sounds and compositions that relate to the whole."[3] He wanted the music to have a "big, symphonic" sound when humans were telling the story, and a more aggressive and electric-based sound when the Martians were in action.[8] Wayne started by "organising a cast of characters", while having the book adapted to fit the content of the songs he had outlined for it by Doreen Wayne, his future stepmother who at the time was an established script writer and journalist.[9] Wayne used artistic license to create a love interest by replacing The Journalist's brother for Carrie, his wife.[10] At the same time, Wayne started to write the score and recorded demos in the studio, paying particular attention to how Wells originally wrote the story as a series of episodes with multiple cliff hangers to each chapter.[7][3] Wayne recalled that he "wanted to have a bit of pressure" applied to the project in January 1976, so he booked studio time at Advision Studios in Fitzrovia, London for May of that year. The idea proved to be a productive for Wayne, who completed a draft of the entire work in six weeks.[3]
The disco influences on "The Eve of the War" was Wayne's intention of wanting the album to be entertaining for people.
Casting
Because Wayne wanted to keep his adaptation set in Victorian England, this eliminated the possibility of hiring American people in the main cast.[10] In the early stages, he realised the importance of finding the right person to narrate the story, and actor Richard Burton was at the top of "a very short list" of candidates, and compared his voice to a musical instrument.[3] Upon learning that Burton was in a production of the play Equus in New York City, Wayne delivered a letter with a copy of the album's script to the stage doorman and hoped for him to read it. After two or three days, Burton agreed to take part.[5][7][4] Burton had already committed to start work on Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977) in Los Angeles after the Equus run, so Wayne organised to record the narration there to avoid further delays. Burton originally signed on for five days of recording for a maximum of 12 hours for each, but he finished his parts in just one day, except for an additional three-hour session held several months after for what Wayne described as "some repair work".[4] Essex, who was present at the recording session, said that Burton insisted to narrate without hearing the music, which became "a bit of a nuisance" since Wayne and he had recorded their shared vocals in time with the background tracks. "So we had to do it wild."[3]
It was important for Wayne that the different voices on the album sounded "convincing and believable".
Initially Wayne had Carlos Santana record guitar riffs and hooks to interpret the Martian's heat-ray, but his involvement ended after one day when Santana's manager spotted an issue in the contract and certain requests could not be met.[4] The role of Parson Nathaniel was originally given to Free and Bad Company singer Paul Rodgers, and although Wayne thought he delivered "fantastic" vocals, Rodgers was reluctant to take on the speaking part and dropped out.[4] Wayne has these early recordings on his original multitrack tapes, but has no interest in releasing them.[4] The Who frontman Roger Daltrey was to also make an appearance.[9]
Recording and finalising CBS deal
The album was recorded at Advision from 18 May 1976 to 30 June 1977.[9] Wayne is credited as the album's sole producer, with Geoff Young as recording engineer with Laurence Diana assisting.[4] The album was one of the first recorded on 48-track, which was achieved by Maglink, a prototype system that allowed the synchronisation of two 24-track Studer A80 machines with a SMPTE timecode reserved on two of the available 48 tracks. Wayne recalled that Maglink malfunctioned often and the lack of expertise to fix problems resulted in delays in recording. When recording finished, 77 reels of multitrack tapes had been used.[10][15] Mixing was done in sections, as little as 30 seconds or two minutes at a time.[8] Soon after mixing was complete, the tape operator accidentally slashed through the tape containing side four as he thought it was a reel of unwanted outtakes. Wayne was subsequently offered free studio time to produce another mix.[10] Wayne's initial version of the work was a little over two hours, which had to be refined in order to fit four sides of a vinyl record. The final version runs at 95 minutes.[8] The album's packaging includes a 16-page colour booklet with artwork and a synopsis of the tracks.[11]
The album features
Wayne's original budget estimate for the album was £34,500.
Artwork
Wayne originally commissioned Roger Dean, best known for his work for the progressive rock band Yes, to produce the artwork for the album. After Dean produced some designs, Wayne felt the work did not quite fit for what he had in mind, and proceeded to look elsewhere. He approached John Pasche, who went on to design the logo on the front cover, and direct the overall design of the record's sleeve which features paintings from three artists: Geoff Taylor, Mike Trim, and Peter Goodfellow. Dean adapted his unused designs for the album for the packaging of the 1987 shooting video game Terrorpods.
Release
The album premiered at a launch party at the London Planetarium on 1 June 1978, and featured a playback accompanied by a laser show. The event was attended by over 500 people.[14] The album was released on 9 June;[9][17] four weeks later, Wayne said he was able to repay CBS its share of the album's costs due to strong sales.[11] In September 1978, the album reached its peak position of No. 5 on the UK Albums Chart, during a 20-week stay in the top ten. It has since been in the UK top 100 albums for 240 weeks, and has sold over 2.7 million copies in the country. In 2018, it was the UK's 32nd best-selling studio album of all time.[18] Elsewhere, it charted in 22 countries and reached number one in 11 of them including Australia, where it was top for seven weeks.[9][19] In April 1979, the album exceeded platinum status in the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Australia, and gold certification in Canada, Spain, Israel, and Belgium.[20] The album has earned gold and platinum and multi-platinum sales certifications in 17 countries.[9] The album has sold an estimated 15 million copies worldwide.[2][21]
The album spawned two singles. On 2 June 1978, an edited version of "Forever Autumn" was released which went to No. 5 on the
The album won two Ivor Novello Awards, including one for Wayne and Osborne for Best Instrumental or Popular Orchestral Work.[9][22] In 1979, the album was named Best Recording in Science Fiction and Fantasy, in a panel of judges that included George Lucas, Steven Spielberg, and Alfred Hitchcock.[9]
Reception
Review scores | |
---|---|
Source | Rating |
AllMusic | [23] |
Record Mirror | [24] |
Music Week | (positive) |
The album had a positive review in Record Mirror, with reviewer Bev Briggs declaring it as "four sides of sheer excellence" and after reading the novel and watching the feature film, the album is "the most easily stomachable of the lot." She praised the music, ideas, script, and voices, all of which complement each other, but thought the continuous, 95-minute structure forces the listener to digest it straight through.[24] A positive review was published by Ben Ostrander in the science-fiction magazine The Space Gamer, who thought the album was "magnificent" and despite some differences between the record and the original novel, it "is a kind of rock/radio play with modern interpretations" and is "better than most crap on TV, and makes for a fun evening around the stereo."[25] Music Week commented that the album is "superb" and predicted it will become "one of the biggest sellers."[26]
In 2020, writing for Prog, Alex Burrows described the record as "the ultimate concept album and best-selling prog soundtrack of all time", concluding "it's still an album that certainly ticks all the boxes of the true definition of 'progressive': groundbreaking, cutting-edge and seminal."[1]
Reissues and other versions
Wayne's alternate version of the album with the songs edited for radio airplay was distributed to stations to promote the original concept album. It became a success in its own right, prompting Wayne to prepare a full commercial release. The set, entitled Highlights from Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds, was released in 1981 by Columbia Records.
In addition to English, the album has been released in Spanish and German. The first Spanish edition featured Anthony Quinn re-recording the Journalist's narration and other dialogue originally voiced by Essex, Covington, and Lynott. The songs and the background music were not altered. Following its release in November 1978, Wayne had to re-do the album because Quinn's script was in Mexican Spanish and not Peninsular Spanish. The second edition features narration by Teófilo Martínez, and released in 1979. Wayne found it amusing as the Spanish division of CBS had recommended him to use Quinn for the role.[9] A German album followed in 1981 featuring Curd Jürgens as the Journalist, plus radio broadcasts in Dutch and Hebrew.[9] Although plans for versions in Japanese, Russian, French, and Italian were planned, none of them came into fruition.[9]
A 1989 version of "The Eve of the War" remixed by Ben Liebrand reached number 3 in the UK singles chart.
A 1995 edition of the album featured additional remixes of some tracks and additional conceptual art. On 23 June 2005, the original album was re-released in two forms: one in a remastered 2-disc hybrid multichannel Super Audio CD set; another in a 7-disc "Collector's Edition" featuring additional remixes, outtakes, the actors reading from the unabridged script, excerpts from the Quinn and Jürgens performances, as well as a seventh disc being a DVD showing the making of the album, produced by Phoenix Film & Television Productions. This release went to No. 7 in the UK.[6] Both contained new stereo and 5.1 surround sound mixes by Gaëtan Schurrer and Gary Langan, who had access to Wayne's tape archive and discovered 372 quarter-inch master tapes that were identified, digitised,and pieced back together from the original tracking sheets. The process involved a re-fit of Wayne's home studio, including the installation of a high end Pro Tools rig and a surround sound monitoring system. Wayne bought a Magilink machine at auction for 50p in order to read the original Magilink timecode, but could not get it to work, so Schurrer used the blips and beeps produced by the timecode on the waveform display in Pro Tools as a guide.[8]
In 2000, a collection of remixes of tracks from the original album—including several used in the 1998 computer game—were released on a double CD titled The War of the Worlds: ULLAdubULLA—the Remix Album. While most of the contributors are relatively unknown,[27] the album includes two versions of a remix of "Dead London" by Apollo 440 and other remixes by house-music pioneer Todd Terry. Following the success of the 2005 re-release of the original album, ULLAdubULLA II was released on 17 April 2006. This single CD release was largely made of tracks from the original remix album, with some additional new remixes by Tom Middleton and DJ Keltech, and hip-hop versions of two tracks by DJ Zube. Middleton's remixes of "The Eve of the War" were also released on CD and vinyl.
Tours
In September 1978, Wayne had entered negotiations with Paramount Pictures over the film rights and with two concert producers, one of which being Showco, to present a live stage version of the album. The idea came to nothing, and it took Wayne until 2006 to stage a concert tour of the album.[11]
Dates | Tour | Notes |
---|---|---|
April 2006–December 2007 | First Tour | Produced by Wayne, Ray Jones, and lip synched to the original Burton recordings) performed as The Journalist. A model fighting machine featured on stage. A short animated prequel to the story was also presented in the style of the upcoming feature film detailing the Martians' ecological destruction of their own world (originally made for the 1998 computer game) and their preparations to invade Earth.
|
2009–2011 | 30th Anniversary Tour | Launched in June 2009 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the original album release and included dates across Europe. The virtual Richard Burton was improved; the whole face was animated (an actor was found with a similar facial structure, all of Burton's narrative parts were mimed, and his face was superimposed onto the face of the actor). |
December 2012 – 2013 | Alive on Stage! The New Generation | A tour promoting The New Generation album. |
November–December 2014 | Final Arena Tour | Included dates in the UK and the Netherlands. Featured the addition of Carrie's father as a new character and lyrics to "Life Begins Again". A prologue was performed as a pre-show segment with the characters performing among the audience rather than on stage. Featured actor Callum O'Neill who portrayed H.G. Wells in three separate stages of his life. |
2018 | 40th Anniversary Tour | Staged to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the original album release, with dates across the UK. Featured a new setup of staging, choreography, costumes, and a new cast of actors, and a reprise of "Forever Autumn" from the 2016 West End production. |
March 2021 – 2022 | Life Begins Again Tour | Staged to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the original 2006 tour. Featured an arched bridge running from the lip of the stage out over the audience, panoramic screens showing 2 hours of CGI footage, a new lighting production, pyrotechnics and special effects, including levitation. |
March–April 2025 | The Spirit of Man Tour |
Cast
Performers
Character | Album 1978 |
First Tour 2006-2007 |
30th Anniversary Tour 2009-2011 |
The New Generation Album 2012 |
The New Generation: Alive on Stage 2012-2013 |
The Final Arena 2014 |
West End 2016 |
40th Anniversary 2018 |
Life Begins Again 2022 |
The Spirit of Man 2025 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Journalist | Richard Burton | Richard Burton (pre-recorded) | Liam Neeson | Liam Neeson (pre-recorded) | ||||||
The Sung Thoughts of the Journalist | Justin Hayward | Gary Barlow | Marti Pellow | Brian McFadden | Michael Praed | Newton Faulkner | Justin Hayward | TBA | ||
The Artilleryman | David Essex | Alexis James | Alexis James (2009) Jason Donovan (2010) |
Ricky Wilson
|
Shayne Ward | Daniel Bedingfield Simon Shorten |
Adam Garcia | Kevin Clifton | TBA | |
Parson Nathaniel | Phil Lynott | Russell Watson (2006) John Payne (2007) |
Shannon Noll (first half of 2009) Damien Edwards (second half of 2009) Rhydian Roberts (2010) |
Maverick Sabre | Jason Donovan | Jimmy Nail | Jason Donovan | Duncan James | Max George | |
Beth | Julie Covington | Tara Blaise (2006) Rachael Beck (2007, Australia) Sinéad Quinn (2007, UK) |
Jennifer Ellison (2009) Liz McClarnon (2010) |
Joss Stone | Kerry Ellis | Carrie Hope Fletcher | Heidi Range | Carrie Hope Fletcher | Claire Richards | Maisie Smith |
The Voice of Humanity | Chris Thompson | Alex Clare | Will Stapleton
|
Joseph Whelan
|
David Essex | Nathan James | TBA | |||
The Voice of NASA | Jerry Wayne (pre-recorded) | |||||||||
The Voice of the Martians | — | Lewis MacLeod (pre-recorded) | ||||||||
Carrie: The Journalist's Fiancée | — | Anna-Marie Wayne (pre-recorded) | — | Anna-Marie Wayne (pre-recorded) | Madalena Alberto | Anna-Marie Wayne | ||||
Carrie's Father | — | Nigel Barber (pre-recorded) | — | Nigel Barber (pre-recorded) | — | |||||
William Rowland, NASA Controller, Newspaper Boy, Male Understudy |
— | Michael Falzon | Jonathan Vickers | — | Jonathan Vickers | |||||
Vera May, Newspaper Girl, Female Understudy | — | Lily Osborne | Stephanie Aves | |||||||
H.G. Wells age 33, 53, and 79 | — | Callum O'Neill | — | Callum O'Neill (pre-recorded) |
Black Smoke Band
Current members (until 2022)
- Jeff Wayne – composer, conductor
- Olivia Jageurs – harp, percussion
- Accy Yeats – drums
- Pete Hunt – bass
- Thomas Gandey – keyboards, synthesisers
- Neil Angilley – keyboards
- Chris Spedding – electric guitar, acoustic guitar
- Laurie Wisefield – guitars, mandolin, autoharp, tar
- Paul Bond - electric guitar, acoustic guitar, keyboards, backing vocals
- ULLAdubULLA Orchestra
Past members
- Herbie Flowers – bass guitar
- Huw Davies – electric guitar
- Hugh Burns – acoustic guitar
- Gaetan Schurrer – tar, keyboards
- Tom Woodstock – guitars, keyboards, backing vocals
- Gordy Marshall – drums
- Julia Thornton – percussion, harp, keyboards
- Steve Turner – keyboards
- Kennedy Aitchison – keyboards
- Colin Good – keyboards
- Ian Wherry – keyboards
Related works in other media
Video games
In 1984
In 1998, a
In 1999, a third-person shooter, also entitled Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds, was developed by Pixelogic and released for the Sony PlayStation. It used much of the 1998 game's music and graphical elements, but featured an entirely different campaign with a focus on vehicular combat.
Unrealized animated film
In late 2004 the ULLAdubULLA II production had been commissioned for an animated CGI film version. Test footage of some Martian machines was released, but the film itself never materialised.[29]
DVD
A two disc
The New Generation
In 2011, Wayne held a press conference in London to announce the release of a new version of the original album, titled
The Musical Drama
On 15 October 2018 it was announced on the album's official Facebook page and website that after over a year in work, an audiobook rendition would be available on Audible.com on 29 November 2018. This five hour-long Audible Original Production featured new story and musical content. The cast included
The Immersive Experience
In May 2019, Jeff Wayne's The War of The Worlds: The Immersive Experience opened to the public in London. Set across 22,000 sq. ft of space, the 2-hour production combined music from the album,
Track listing
All music by Jeff Wayne, and all tracks feature narration by Richard Burton.
All lyrics by Jeff Wayne, Paul Vigrass, and Gary Osborne unless specified below, with script by Doreen Wayne.
No. | Title | Lyrics | Lead Vocals | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | "The Eve of the War" | Jeff Wayne | Justin Hayward | 9:07 |
2. | "Horsell Common and the Heat Ray" | 11:36 | ||
Total length: | 20:43 |
No. | Title | Lyrics | Lead Vocals | Length | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | "The Artilleryman and the Fighting Machine" | Paul Vigrass, Gary Osborne | Justin Hayward | 7:42 | |
3. | "Thunder Child" | Jeff Wayne, Osborne | Chris Thompson | 6:07 | |
Total length: | 24:25 |
No. | Title | Lyrics | Lead Vocals | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | "The Red Weed (Part 1)" | 5:53 | ||
2. | "The Spirit of Man" | Jeff Wayne, Osborne | Julie Covington, Phil Lynott | 11:38 |
3. | "The Red Weed (Part 2)" | Phil Lynott | 5:25 | |
4. | "The Artilleryman Returns" | Jeff Wayne | 1:27 | |
Total length: | 23:43 |
No. | Title | Lyrics | Lead Vocals | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | "Brave New World" | Jeff Wayne, Osborne | David Essex | 12:15 |
2. | "Dead London" | 8:35 | ||
3. | "Epilogue (Part 1)" | 2:31 | ||
4. | "Epilogue (Part 2) (NASA)" | Jerry Wayne | 1:50 | |
Total length: | 24:31 |
Personnel
Credits adapted from the 1978 LP and 2005 CD liner notes.[9]
The Players
- Richard Burton – George Herbert, The Journalist
- Justin Hayward – The Sung Thoughts of The Journalist
- David Essex – The Artilleryman
- Chris Thompson – The Voice of Humanity
- Phil Lynott – Parson Nathaniel
- Julie Covington – Beth (Parson Nathaniel's wife)
- Jo Partridge – The Heat Ray
- Jerry Wayne – The Voices of NASA
The Musicians
- Chris Spedding – guitars
- Jo Partridge – guitars, mandolin
- Herbie Flowers – bass guitar
- Barry Morgan – drums
- Barry de Souza – percussion
- Roy Jones – percussion
- Ray Cooper – percussion
- Ken "Prof" Freeman – synthesisers, organ, electric piano[15]
- jangle piano, harpsichord,[15]conductor
- Paul Hart – piano on "The Red Weed"
- George Fenton – tar, santoor, zither
- Billy Lawrie – backing vocals
- Gary Osborne – backing vocals
- Chris Thompson – backing vocals
- Paul Vigrass– backing vocals
- Geraldine "Pest" Wayne – sound effects[9]
Production
- Jeff Wayne – composer, orchestrator, producer
- Jerry Wayne – director of "dramatic and narrative sections"
- Doreen Wayne – script[9]
- Charles Dubin – director of "dramatic and narrative sections"
- John Pasche – art direction, logo design
- Geoff Taylor – painting
- Mike Trim – painting, pencil sketches
- Peter Goodfellow – painting
- Denis "BilBo" Blackham – lacquer cut on side one
- Geoff Young – recording
- Laurence Diana – recording assistant
- Bill Foster – mastering at Tape One, London
Charts
Weekly charts
|
Year-end charts
|
Certifications
‹See Tfd›‹See Tfd›Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Australia (ARIA)[54] | 10× Platinum | 730,000[53] |
Belgium (BEA)[55] | Gold | 25,000* |
Canada (Music Canada)[56] | Platinum | 100,000^ |
Germany (BVMI)[57] | Gold | 250,000^ |
Netherlands (NVPI)[59] | Platinum | 150,000[58] |
New Zealand (RMNZ)[60] | 13× Platinum | 195,000^ |
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[55] | Gold | 50,000^ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[61] | 9× Platinum | 2,700,000‡ |
United States | — | 200,000[21] |
Summaries | ||
Worldwide | — | 15,000,000[2] |
* Sales figures based on certification alone. |
References
- ^ a b Burrows, Alex (26 September 2020). "The story behind Jeff Wayne's The War Of The Worlds". Louder. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
- ^ a b c Jones, Josh (30 March 2017). "Hear the Prog-Rock Adaptation of H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds: The 1978 Rock Opera That Sold 15 Million Copies Worldwide". Open Culture. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Pulver, Andrew (14 January 2014). "Jeff Wayne and David Essex: How We Made The War of the Worlds". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Siebert, Valerie (20 December 2013). "A Life During Wartime: Jeff Wayne Interviewed". The Quietus. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Wyatt, Malcolm (15 November 2014). "The Eve of the Final Tour – The Jeff Wayne Interview". WriteWyattUK. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d Burrows, Alex (26 September 2020). "The story behind Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds". Loudersound. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d Feenstra, Pete (2007). "Feature: Jeff Wayne". Get Ready to Rock. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Inglis, Sam (August 2005). "Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds: 5.1 Surround Remix & Remastering Project". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Various (2005). Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of The Worlds (Collector's Edition) (Liner notes). Columbia Records/Sony BMG.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Brooks, Greg (18 October 2007). "Jeff Wayne's Musial Version of The War of the Worlds". Record Collector. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Interview: Jeff Wayne, War of the Worlds composer". Culture Whisper. 26 September 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ Dome, Malcolm (4 September 2017). "The Prog Interview: Inside the Mind of The Moody Blues frontman Justin Hayward". Loudersound. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
- ^ a b c White, Chris (3 June 1978). "Wayne's War: Set to conquer the concept album market" (PDF). Music Week. pp. 22, 46. Retrieved 17 February 2022 – via World Radio History.
- ^ a b c d e Elen, Richard (October 1978). "The War of The Worlds - The Producers - Jeff Wayne". Sound International. No. Oct 1978. pp. 44–49. Retrieved 21 February 2022 – via Muzines.
- ^ a b c "The War of the Worlds: The Musical Drama - Interview - Jeff Wayne". Sci-Fi Bulletin. 29 November 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ISSN 0265-1548. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ "The Top 40 Best-Selling Studio Albums of All Time". BBC. 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ "Advertisement on page SA-19 from 17 March 1979 edition of Billboard". Billboard. 17 March 1979. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "Award of the Worlds" (PDF). Music Week. 21 April 1979. p. 6. Retrieved 17 February 2022 – via World Radio History.
- ^ a b "CBS War of the Worlds Gathers Intl. Momentum" (PDF). Record World. 11 November 1978. p. 28. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- ^ Lewis, Richard (20 November 2010). "The War of the Worlds: Alive on Stage - Jeff Wayne Interview". Nerve. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ "Allmusic review".
- ^ a b Briggs, Bev (10 June 1978). "A direct hit Mr Wayne!" (PDF). Record Mirror. p. 21. Retrieved 17 February 2022 – via World Radio History.
- ^ Ostrander, C. Ben (July–August 1978). "Books". The Space Gamer. No. 18. p. 24.
- ^ "Album of the week - Various Artists: The War of the Worlds" (PDF). Music Week. 3 June 1978. p. 46. Retrieved 17 February 2022 – via World Radio History.
- ^ "Jeff Wayne – The War Of The Worlds : ULLAdubULLA The Remix Album (2000, CD)" – via release-page-service.discogs.com.
- ^ "Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds (1998)". IMDb. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ "Jeff Wayne's Musical Animated Film". Archived from the original on 1 March 2013.
- ^ "The War of The Worlds...The New Generation". Official Website. 18 November 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
- ^ "The War of The Worlds". The War of The Worlds.
- ^ Shea, Christopher D. (20 March 2016). "'War of the Worlds' Shape-Shifts Onto the London Stage". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ "Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds: The Immersive Experience - The Making of the Video Series". Flashbang Studio. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
- ^ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 4650b". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ "Musical Version Of "The War Of The Worlds"". Dutch Charts. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
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- )
- ^ "Irish-charts.com – Discography Jeff Wayne". Hung Medien. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
- ^ "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1978" (in Dutch). Dutch Charts. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- Recorded Music New Zealand. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- Recorded Music New Zealand. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
- ^ a b Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt Martha, Victoria, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 298.
- )
- ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2005 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Award of the worlds" (PDF). Music Week. 21 April 1979. p. 6. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- ^ "Canadian album certifications – Various Artists – War of the Worlds". Music Canada. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
- ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Diverse; 'War of the Worlds')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
- ^ "International - Platinum Worlds" (PDF). Billboard. 4 November 1978. p. 100. Retrieved 8 October 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ^ "Dutch album certifications – Jeff Wayne – War of the Worlds" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Enter War of the Worlds in the "Artiest of titel" box. Select 1978 in the drop-down menu saying "Alle jaargangen".
- ^ "New Zealand album certifications – Jeff Wayne – War of the Worlds". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- ^ "British album certifications – Jeff Wayne – War of the Worlds". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
Bibliography
- Flynn, John L. (2005). "Chapter 6:The Jeff Wayne album". War of the worlds: from Wells to Spielberg. Galactic Books. pp. 75–84. ISBN 0-9769400-0-0.
- Miller, Thomas Kent. Mars in the Movies: A History. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2016. ISBN 978-0-7864-9914-4.
External links
- Official website
- Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds at Discogs (list of releases)