Jelly roll fold
The jelly roll or Swiss roll fold is a
Structure
The basic jelly roll structure consists of eight
Viral proteins
A large number of
Single jelly roll capsid proteins
Single jelly roll capsid (JRC) proteins are found in at least sixteen distinct viral
Another group of viruses uses single jelly roll proteins in their capsids, but in the vertical rather than horizontal orientation. These viruses are evolutionarily related to the large group of double jelly-roll viruses known as the
Double jelly roll proteins
Double jelly roll capsid proteins consist of two single jelly roll folds connected by a short linker region. They are found in both
Double jelly roll proteins are believed to have evolved from single jelly roll proteins by
Initially, it was believed that double jelly roll proteins are unique to viruses, because they were not observed in cellular proteins.[11] However, in 2022, comparison of protein structures revealed several families of bona fide cellular proteins with the double jelly roll fold [25]
Non-capsid proteins
Single jelly rolls also occur in non-capsid viral proteins, including minor components of the assembled
Cellular proteins
Both single and double jelly roll folds are found in proteins of cellular origin.
More broadly, the members of the extremely diverse cupin superfamily are also often described as jelly rolls; though the common core of the cupin domain structure contains only six beta strands, many cupins have eight.[32] Examples include the non-heme dioxygenase enzymes[33][34] (including alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases) and JmjC-family histone demethylases.[35][36]
Cellular proteins with the double jelly roll fold include glycoside hydrolases of the DUF2961 family, peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGases F) and peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase.[25]
A notable difference between PNGases F and the other double jelly roll proteins is the absence of the α-helices, which follow the F and F' strands in capsid proteins and DUF2961. The equivalent regions are variable in the PNGases F and contain either long loops or insertions. By contrast, jelly-roll domains of DUF2961 proteins contain an insertion of short β-hairpins upstream of the G and G' strands of the double jelly roll fold. Importantly, DUF2961 family proteins form trimers resembling viral capsomers.[25]
Evolution
Comparative studies of proteins classified as jelly roll and
History and nomenclature
The name "jelly roll" was first used for the structure composed of an elaboration on the
References
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External links
- Antiparallel β Domains, a section from Anatomy and Taxonomy of Protein Structure by Jane S. Richardson
- The Jelly Roll of Life by Jacqueline Humphries at Small Things Considered, a blog sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology