Jeremiah 49
Jeremiah 49 | |
---|---|
Book | Book of Jeremiah |
Hebrew Bible part | Nevi'im |
Order in the Hebrew part | 6 |
Category | Latter Prophets |
Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 24 |
Jeremiah 49 is the forty-ninth
This chapter contains the poetic oracles against
Text
The original text was written in Hebrew. This chapter is divided into 39 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5] Some fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e., 2QJer (2Q13; 1st century CE[6]), with extant verses 10.[7]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (with a different chapter and verse numbering), made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[8]
Verse numbering
The order of chapters and verses of the Book of Jeremiah in the English Bibles, Masoretic Text (Hebrew), and Vulgate (Latin), in some places differs from that in the Septuagint (LXX, the Greek Bible used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and others) according to Rahlfs or Brenton. The following table is taken with minor adjustments from Brenton's Septuagint, page 971.[9]
The order of Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint/Scriptural Study (CATSS) based on Alfred Rahlfs' Septuaginta (1935) differs in some details from Joseph Ziegler's critical edition (1957) in Göttingen LXX. Swete's Introduction mostly agrees with Rahlfs' edition (=CATSS).[9]
Hebrew, Vulgate, English | Rahlfs' LXX (CATSS) | Brenton's LXX |
---|---|---|
49:1-5,23-27,28-33 | 30:1-5,29-33,23-28 | 30:1-5,23-27,28-33 |
49:7-22 | n/a | 29:7b-22 |
49:34 | 25:20 | 26:1 |
49:35-39 | 25:15-19 | 25:35-39 |
42:1-22 | 49:1-22 |
Parashot
The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[10] Jeremiah 49 is a part of the prophecies in Jeremiah 46-49 in the section of Prophecies against the nations (Jeremiah 46-51). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.
- {S} 49:1-6 {P} 49:7-11 {S} 49:12-19 {S} 49:20-22 {P} 49:23-27 {P} 49:28-33 {S} 49:34-39 {P}
Structure
This chapter is divided as follows:[11]
- Jeremiah 49:1–6: Against Ammon
- Jeremiah 49:7–22: Against Edom
- Jeremiah 49:23–27: Against Damascus
- Jeremiah 49:28–33: Against Kedar and Hazor
- Jeremiah 49:34–39: Against Elam
Proclamation against the Ammonites (49:1–6)
The punishment of the Ammonites is mainly due to land-grabbing or wrongful land-acquisition, as if Israel is without heir.[12] Therefore, Yahweh will destroy Rabbah, Ammon's capital city, and give the annexed land back to Israel.[12]
Verse 1
- Against the Ammonites.
- Thus says the Lord:
- "Has Israel no sons?
- Has he no heir?
- Why then does Milcom inherit Gad,
- And his people dwell in its cities?[13]
- "Milcom": Hebrew: "Malcam", lit. "their king"; an Ammonite god (1 Kings 11:5); or "Molech" (Leviticus 18:21).[14]
Proclamation against Edom (49:7-22)
Two poems (verses 7-11 and 14-16) and two prose comments (verses 12-13 and 17-22) [12] are addressed to Edom. The Jerusalem Bible dates this oracle to around 605 BCE.[15] Like the section against Ammon (verse 1), these oracles begin with a series of rhetorical questions:
Verse 7
The reference to wisdom is "perhaps a reference to Edom (Esau)'s ancestral connection with Jacob".[12]
Verse 8
- Flee, turn back, dwell in the depths, O inhabitants of Dedan!
- For I will bring the calamity of Esau upon him,
- The time that I will punish him.[17]
Eventually Yahweh is the one to punish the Edomites.[12]
Verses 14-16 announce in poetry the sending of an unnamed messenger among the nations (including Edom). O'Connor argues that "by implication, Jeremiah is the messenger", although Obadiah 1:1 has very similar wording attributed to the prophet Obadiah:
- Thus says the Lord God concerning Edom:
- We have heard a report from the Lord,
- And a messenger has been sent among the nations, saying,
- “Arise, and let us rise up against her for battle”.[18]
Proclamation against Damascus (49:23-27)
- Hamath and Arpad are shamed
- For they have heard bad news.
- They are fainthearted;
- There is trouble on the sea;
- It cannot be quiet.[19]
These cities are "worried and troubled" in the
Proclamation against Kedar and against the kingdoms of Hazor (49:28-33)
Verse 28
- "Arise, go up to Kedar,
- And devastate the men of the East!"[23]
Verse 30
- "Flee, get far away! Dwell in the depths,
- O inhabitants of Hazor!"[24]
Nebuchadrezzar is the addressee of the poem's command to attack.
Proclamation against Elam (49:34–38)
- The word of the Lord that came to Jeremiah the prophet against Elam, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying ...
- Behold, I will break the bow of Elam,
- The foremost of their might.[28]
Elam restored (49:39)
- 'But it shall come to pass in the latter days:
- "I will bring back the captives of Elam", says the Lord.[31]
Streane (1913) notes that '"Elamites" are mentioned among the persons present on the great "day of Pentecost" (Acts 2:9). His opinion is that "both in the narrative in the Acts and in this prophecy, the Elamites are chiefly mentioned as representatives of the distant and less civilized Gentile nations".[22]
See also
References
- ^ Coogan 2007, pp. 1148 Hebrew Bible.
- ^ O'Connor 2007, p. 522.
- ^ O'Connor 2007, pp. 523–524.
- ^ Coogan 2007, pp. 1154-1157 Hebrew Bible.
- ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
- ISSN 0940-4155.
- ISBN 9780802862419. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
- ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
- ^ a b "Table of Order of Jeremiah in Hebrew and Septuagint". www.ccel.org.
- ^ As reflected in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
- ^ Coogan 2007, pp. 1154–1157.
- ^ a b c d e O'Connor 2007, p. 523.
- ^ Jeremiah 49:1 NKJV
- ^ Note [a] on Jeremiah 49:1 in NKJV
- ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote g at Jeremiah 49:7
- ^ Jeremiah 49:7 NKJV
- ^ Jeremiah 49:8 NKJV
- ^ Obadiah 1:1 NKJV
- ^ Jeremiah 49:23 NKJV
- ^ a b Jeremiah 49:23 GNT
- ^ Driver, S. R. (1906), The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah, p.296
- ^ a b Streane, A. W., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Jeremiah 49, accessed 18 April 2019
- ^ Jeremiah 49:28 NKJV
- ^ Jeremiah 49:30 NKJV
- ^ a b c O'Connor 2007, pp. 524.
- ^ Jeremiah 49:29
- ^ a b Benson, J., Benson's Commentary on Jeremiah 49, accessed 19 April 2019
- ^ Jeremiah 49:34–35 NKJV
- ^ Coogan 2007, pp. 1156-1157 Hebrew Bible.
- ^ Google Maps, accessed 20 April 2019
- ^ Jeremiah 49:39 NKJV
Sources
- Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810.
- Huey, F. B. (1993). The New American Commentary - Jeremiah, Lamentations: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, NIV Text. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401165.
- O'Connor, Kathleen M. (2007). "23. Jeremiah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 487–528. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ISBN 9780802825308.
- ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.