Jicheng (Beijing)
Ji | |
---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Jìchéng |
Wade–Giles | Chi-ch‘êng |
Ji or Jicheng was an ancient city in northern China, which has become the longest continuously inhabited section of modern
Pre-Imperial history
The
At some time in the late
The city of Ji is believed to be located in the southwestern part of present-day urban Beijing, just south of
Early Imperial Era
Qin dynasty
Han dynasty
When the Han court began to purge former supporters of Xiang Yu, Zang Tu became fearful and rebelled. Liu Bang as the
In 117 BC,
During the
Near the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, the commander of Fanyang was Liu Yan, better known as the governor of Yizhou Province a few years later. After Liu Yan's reposting, Liu Yu became the commander of Yizhou. His subordinate, Gongsun Zan, eventually attacked Youzhou and killed Liu Yu, becoming the commander of Fanyang.
Wei, Jin and Northern dynasties
During the
The Wei court instituted offices in Youzhou to manage relations with the Wuhuan and Xianbei.[16] To help sustain the troops garrisoned in Youzhou, the governor in AD 250 built the Lilingyan, an irrigation system that greatly improved agricultural output in the plains around Ji.[16]
Ji was demoted to a county seat in the
.In 319 AD,
In 369–70, the
Sui and Tang dynasties
During the Sui dynasty, Youzhou became Zhuojun or Zhuo Commandery and Ji remained the capital of the commandery.[19] Emperor Yang of Sui mobilized more than million men and women to build the Grand Canal to Zhuojun, to carry men and materiale for his campaigns against Goguryeo.[20] Outside of Ji, the Linshuo Palace was built in 609 to accommodate the emperor during his trips and to and from Korea.[11] The brutal reign of Emperor Yang brought rebellions against the Sui dynasty. One of these, led by Dou Jiande rose from Zhuojun and besieged Ji in 620 but was defeated by Luo Yi, a Sui general who joined Li Yuan's insurrection against the Sui.[11] Li Yuan founded the Tang dynasty.
During the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE) and Later Jin (936–947 CE), Fanyang was an important military garrison and a commercial hub. To the north of the city lay the military region of Yingzhou (营州) with Daizhou (代州) to the west.[21]
The Tang dynasty reduced the size of a prefecture, as a unit of administration
The seat of the government of Youzhou remained in place but took on slightly different names. In 616, the government was called Youzhou Zongguanfu (幽州总管府); in 622, Youzhou Dazongguanfu (幽州大总管府); in 624, Youzhou Dadudufu (幽州大都督府) and in 626, Youzhou Dudufu (幽州都督府).
In 645, Tang Emperor Taizong launched another war against Goguryeo using Ji as the base of forward operating base. He built the Fayuan Temple in the western suburbs to commemorate the war dead.[20]
From 710, the head of the government in Youzhou became a
Liao dynasty
Under the Liao dynasty (907–1125), the city was renamed Nanjing (南京) and was the southern capital of Liao. It was also called Yanjing. In the following Jin dynasty (1115–1234), the city was called Zhongdu (中都), the central capital of the Jin. After the Mongols took the city, it was renamed Yanjing. After the Mongols razed it, a new city called Dadu was built adjacent to the former Jin capital which was the capital of the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368).[25]
Modern significance
In 2002, the then-
See also
References
Citations
- ^ 《礼记•乐记》
- ^ (Chinese) 蓟城纪念柱[permanent dead link]
- ^ (Chinese) "走进燕国 >> 燕都遗迹 >> 易都—容城南阳遗址、雄县古贤村遗址" Archived 2013-12-31 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-12-13
- ^ (Chinese) "走进燕国 >> 燕都遗迹 >> 中都——窦店古城" Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-12-13
- ^ (Chinese) "走进燕国 >> 燕都遗迹 >> 下都—河北易县燕下都遗址" Archived 2016-04-09 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-12-13
- ^ a b c d e (Chinese) "走进燕国 >> 燕都遗迹 >> 上都——蓟城" Archived 2016-04-11 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-12-13
- ^ In 284 BC, the victorious Yan general Yue Yi, having conquered 70 cities of neighboring Qi, wrote to Duke of Yan to report that he had enough booty to fill two palaces and planned to bring home a new tree species to plant on the Hill of Ji, north of the city.
- ^ a b (Chinese) "北京建城之始-燕蓟遗迹" 2005-09-01
- ^ (Chinese) "考古工作者搜寻蓟城遗址 锁定北京宣南工地(图)" 北京晚报 2008-09-19
- ^ BTVU, "三、燕都蓟城 ".
- ^ a b c d e f g BTVU, “屏障中原的军事重镇”.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k BTVU, "中央政府与地方势力的较量".
- ^ (Chinese) Map of Youzhou during the Western Han Dynasty Accessed 2012-12-19
- ^ (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-东汉时期的幽州蓟城" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage 2005-09-01
- ^ (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-民族大融合的魏晋十六国北朝时期" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage 2005-09-01
- ^ a b (Chinese) 魏晋十六国时期的幽州城, 北京城市历史地理 2005-12-30
- ^ a b (Chinese) "北京城市行政区划述略" 《北京地方志》 Archived 2022-02-18 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-12-19
- ^ (Chinese) 北魏太和造像 2009-01-11
- ^ (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-隋朝统治下的北京" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage 2005-09-01
- ^ a b BTVU, [media.openedu.com.cn/media_file/netcourse/asx/bjlswh/unit03/htm/01_2.htm "屏障中原的军事重镇"].
- ^ According to the Taiwan edition of The Cambridge History of China, vol.3, Tang and Sui, p.219
- ^ CASS 1985: 39-40
- ^ (Chinese) "古今的‘蓟县’,我今天才大概知道" Archived 2013-01-16 at archive.today 20120-07-07
- ^ (Chinese) 试论北京唐代墓志的地方特色" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage 2005-09-01
- ^ Haw, Stephen. Beijing: A Concise History. Routledge, 2007. p. 136.
- ^ (Chinese) [xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2003-01/28/content_710812.htm 北京重立建城“纪念柱” 造型与初建相同高9米 Xinhua] 2003-01-28
- ^ (Chinese) 后奥运时期首都文博工作的发展分析与探讨 北京文博 2009-08-31
Sources
- BTVU, 中国历史与文化, 北京广播电视大学 (Beijing Radio Television University), archived from the original on 2015-12-08