Jiedushi
This article is missing information about Song, Liao, Jin dynasties. cf. s:zh:宋史/卷171. (January 2021) |
Jiedushi | ||
---|---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin jiédùshǐ | | |
Wade–Giles | chieh2-tu4-shih3 | |
IPA | [tɕjě.tû.ʂɨ̀] | |
Yue: Cantonese | ||
Yale Romanization | jit-douh-sí | |
Jyutping | zit3-dou6-si2 | |
IPA | [tsiːt̚˧ tou˨ siː˧˥] |
The jiedushi (節度使), or jiedu, was a regional military governor in China; the title was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of jiedushi has been translated as "military commissioner", "legate", or "regional commander". Originally introduced in 711 to counter external threats, the jiedushi were posts authorized with the supervision of a defense command often encompassing several prefectures, the ability to maintain their own armies, collect taxes and promote and appoint subordinates.[1]
Powerful jiedushi eventually became
History
710s
Hexi Jiedushi was created in 711 and headquartered in
Longyou Jiedushi was created in 713 and headquartered in Shan Prefecture (
Jiannan Jiedushi was created in 719 and headquartered in Yi Prefecture (益州) (
Pinglu Jiedushi was created in 719 and headquartered in Ying Prefecture (營州) (Chaoyang, Liaoning). It controlled Pinglu, Lulong and other prefectures in Liaoyang, Jinzhou, Liaoning, and northeast Hebei.
730s
Hedong Jiedushi was created in 730 and headquartered in Taiyuan, controlling Shi, Lan, Fen, Xin, and Dai prefectures in central and north Shanxi. Liu Gongchuo (柳公綽) was a jiedushi of Hedong. In 883 Li Keyong was appointed jiedushi of Hedong after recovering Chang'an from Huang Chao. In 885 Li Keyong captured Chang'an and laid waste to it. He was defeated by Zhu Wen in 902 and died in 908. Liu Zhiyuan was a jiedushi of Hedong.
Lingwu Jiedushi was created in 733 and headquartered in Huile (回樂) (southwest of Lingwu, Ningxia). It controlled Ling, Hui, and Yan prefectures.
750s
Huainan West Circuit Jiedushi, also known as Huaixi Jiedushi, was created in 756 and lasted until 818. It was headquartered in
Jiangxi Jiedushi was created in 756 and headquartered in Hong Prefecture (Nanchang, Jiangxi). It was renamed Zhennan Jiedushi in 865. It controlled Hong, Jiang, Xin, Yuan, Fu, Rao, Qian, and Ji prefectures, covering mostly Jiangxi. Li Gao was the jiedushi of Jiangxi during the Li Xilie rebellion.
Lingnan Jiedushi was created in 756 and headquartered in Guangzhou. It ended in 862 when its territory was split into West and East circuits. Lingnan West Circuit covered Guangxi and northern Vietnam. It was headquartered in Yong Prefecture (邕州) (south of Nanning, Guangxi). Lingnan East Circuit covered Guangdong and was headquartered in Guangzhou.
Hezhong Jiedushi was created in 757 and headquartered in Hedong (southwest of Yongji, Shanxi). It controlled Jin, Jiang, Ci, and Xi prefectures.
Jingli Jiedushi was created in 757 and headquartered in
Shannan East Circuit Jiedushi was created in 757 and headquartered in
Zhenwu Jiedushi was created in 758 and headquartered in the Chanyu Protectorate (northwest of
Binning Jiedushi existed from 759 until 885, when it was renamed Jingnan Army. It was headquartered in
Shanguo Jiedushi was created in 759 and headquartered in
760s
Fengxiang Jiedushi was created in 760 and included
Chengde Army Jiedushi was one of the
Henan Jiedushi was revived in 762 and was sometimes known as the Biansong Jiedushi from then onward. It officially became the Biansong Jiedushi in 776 until 781 when it was renamed Xuanwu Army. The Biansong Jiedushi was headquartered in Bian Prefecture (Kaifeng), and governed Shangqiu as well as east Henan. In 781 its seat was moved to Song Prefecture (宋州) (south of Shangqiu, east central Henan). Biansong Jiedushi was the home territory of Zhu Wen.
Ziqing-Pinglu Jiedushi was created in 762 and headquartered in Qingzhou, Shandong. It controlled 15 prefectures encompassing most of Shandong and parts of Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu. Li Zhengji became the jiedushi of Ziqing-Pinglu after the An Lushan Rebellion and worked together with Tian Yue to curtail the imperial court's attempt to weaken local powers.
Weibo Jiedushi was created in 763 and headquartered in Wei Prefecture (northeast of Daming County and southeast of Handan, south Hebei). It controlled Wei, Bo, Bei, Wei, Chan, and Xiang prefectures in Shandong, north Henan, and south Hebei. It was renamed Tianxiong Army in 904. Tian Chengsi, Tian Hongzheng, Tian Xu were jiedushi of Weibo.
Zhaoyi Army Jiedushi was created in 766 and headquartered in Xiang Prefecture (Anyang, Henan).
Jingyuan Jiedushi was created in 768 and lasted until 894 when it was renamed Zhangyi Army. Jingyuan's territory was located in
780s
Shannan West Circuit Jiedushi was created in 780 and headquartered in Liang Prefecture (梁州) (east of Hanzhong, Shaanxi). It was annexed by Wang Jian in 902.
Heyang Sancheng Jiedushi was created in 781 and headquartered in Heyang (河陽) (south of
Yiwu Army Jiedushi was created in 782 and headquartered in Dingzhou (in Hebei). Sun Fangjian (孫方諫) was a jiedushi of Yiwu Army.
Henghai Army Jiedushi was created in 785 and lasted until 829. It was headquartered in Cangzhou (southeast Hebei) and controlled Cang, Jing, De, and Di prefectures.
Xiasui Jiedushi was created in 787 and controlled Xia, Sui, Yin, and You prefectures in
790s
Wuning Jiedushi was created in 795 and headquartered in Xuzhou. Shi Pu was a jiedushi of Wuning. Wang Shi was appointed jiedushi of Wuning in 862.
813
Chenxu Jiedushi was in charge of Chen and Xu prefectures around 813. It was headquartered in Xuchang.
Eyue Jiedushi was in charge of E, Mian, An, Huang, Qi, and Yue prefectures around 813. It was headquartered in
Xiangyang Jiedushi controlled Xiang, Deng, Fu, Ying, Tang, Sui, Jun, and Fang prefectures in north Hubei and southwest Henan around 813. It was headquartered in Xiangyang.
Xusi Jiedushi controlled Xu, Su, and Hao prefectures around 813. It was headquartered in Xuzhou.
Zhenghua Jiedushi controlled Zheng and Hua prefectures around 813. It was headquartered in Baima.
850s
In 851 the Guiyi Army Jiedushi was created from territories reclaimed by Zhang Yichao from the Tibetan Empire. It was situated east Xinjiang and Gansu, and was headquartered in Sha Prefecture (west of Dunhuang, Gansu).
940s
Qingyuan Army Jiedushi was created in 949 and headquartered in Quanzhou. It controlled Zhangzhou, Xiamen, and other areas in Fujian. Liu Congxiao was made jiedushi of Qingyuan Army in 949 after Wang Yanzheng's fall.
950s
In 951
Jiedushi titles
- Anhua Jiedushi (安化)
- Biansong Jiedushi (汴宋)
- Binning Jiedushi (邠寧)
- Caizhou Jiedushi (蔡州)
- Chengde Army Jiedushi (成德軍)
- Chengxu Jiedushi (陳許)
- Eyue Jiedushi (鄂岳)
- Fanyang Jiedushi (范陽)
- Fenghua Jiedushi (奉化)
- Fengxiang Jiedushi (鳳翔)
- Fufang Jiedushi (鄜坊)
- Guiyi Army Jiedushi (歸義軍)
- Hedong Jiedushi (河東)
- Henan Jiedushi (河南)
- Henghai Army Jiedushi (橫海軍)
- Hexi Jiedushi (河西)
- Heyangsancheng Jiedushi (河陽三城)
- Hezhong Jiedushi (河中)
- Huainan Jiedushi (淮南)
- Huaixi Jiedushi (淮西)
- Jiangxi Jiedushi (江西)
- Jiannan Jiedushi (劍南)
- Jiannan East River Jiedushi (劍南東川)
- Jiannan West River Jiedushi (劍南西川)
- Jianxiong Army Jiedushi (建雄軍)
- Jinghai Jiedushi(靜海)
- Jingjiang Army Jiedushi (靜江軍)
- Jingli Jiedushi (荊澧)
- Jingyuan Jiedushi (涇原)
- Lingnan Jiedushi (嶺南)
- Lingwu Jiedushi (靈武)
- Lulong Jiedushi (盧龍)
- Ningyuan Army Jiedushi (寧遠軍)
- Pinglu Jiedushi (平盧)
- Qingyuan Army Jiedushi (清源軍)
- Qinlong Jiedushi (秦隴)
- Shanguo Jiedushi (陜虢)
- Shannan Jiedushi (山南)
- Shannan East Circuit Jiedushi (山南東道)
- Shannan West Circuit Jiedushi (山南西道)
- ShuofangJiedushi (朔方)
- Tianxiong Army Jiedushi (天雄軍)
- Weibo Jiedushi (魏博)
- Weiwu Army Jiedushi (威武軍)
- Wu'an Army Jiedushi (武安軍)
- Wuchang Jiedushi (武昌)
- Wuning Jiedushi (武寧)
- Xiangyang Jiedushi (襄陽)
- Xiasui Jiedushi (夏绥)
- Xuanwu Army Jiedushi (宣武軍)
- Xusi Jiedushi (徐泗)
- s 雁门)
- Yiding Jiedushi (易定)
- Yiwu Army Jiedushi (義武軍)
- Youzhou Jiedushi (幽州)
- Zhaoyi Army Jiedushi (昭義軍)
- Zhendong Jiedushi (鎮東)
- Zhenghua Jiedushi (鄭滑)
- ZhenhaiArmy Jiedushi (鎮海軍)
- Zhennan Jiedushi (鎮南)
- Zhenwu Jiedushi (振武)
- Zhongwu Jiedushi (中吳)
- Ziqing-Pinglu Jiedushi (淄青平盧)
Notable jiedushi
Notable jiedushi:
- An Lushan
- Abe no Nakamaro
- Gao Xianzhi
- Geshu Han
- Guo Ziyi
- Qu Chengyu
- Li Keyong
- Li Cunxu
- Li Maozhen
- Liu Congjian
- Liu Rengong
- Liu Shouguang
- Li Jiqian
- Li Guangbi
- Shi Jingtang
- Shi Siming
- Tian Chengsi
- Wang Zhongsi
- Zhu Wen
See also
References
Citations
- ^ "Middle Ranking Official of the Tang dynasty (唐代中層文官)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 10, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
- ^ Xiong 2008, p. 439.
Bibliography
- Xiong, Victor (2008), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 978-0810860537