Jim Clyburn

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Jim Clyburn
Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 16, 2006
LeaderNancy Pelosi
Preceded byBob Menendez
Succeeded byJohn B. Larson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 6th district
Assumed office
January 3, 1993
Preceded byRobin Tallon
Personal details
Born
James Enos Clyburn

(1940-07-21) July 21, 1940 (age 83)
Sumter, South Carolina, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
Emily England
​
​
(m. 1961; died 2019)​
Children3, including Mignon and Jennifer
EducationSouth Carolina State University (BA)
WebsiteHouse website
Clyburn's voice
Clyburn on the death of civil rights leader Dorothy Height
Recorded April 21, 2010

James Enos Clyburn (born July 21, 1940) is an American politician and retired educator serving as a

U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina. He previously served as House Majority Whip between 2007 and 2011 and between 2019 and 2023. Clyburn also served as House assistant Democratic leader from 2011 to 2019 and again from 2023 until he stepped down in 2024.[1]

Currently in his 16th term, Clyburn has served as the U.S. representative for South Carolina's 6th congressional district since 1993. His congressional district includes most of the majority-black precincts in and around Columbia and Charleston, as well as most of the majority-black areas outside Beaufort and nearly all of South Carolina's share of the Black Belt. Clyburn is the dean of South Carolina's congressional delegation. Since John Spratt's departure in 2011, aside from the single term served by Joe Cunningham, Clyburn has been the only Democrat in South Carolina’s congressional delegation.

Clyburn served as the third-ranking House Democrat, behind

2018 midterm elections, Clyburn was reelected majority whip in January 2019 at the opening of the 116th Congress
, alongside the reelected Speaker Pelosi and Majority Leader Hoyer, marking the second time the trio has served in these roles together.

In the

retirement as leader of the House Democratic Caucus. On the same day, Hoyer announced he would not seek his leadership position. Clyburn announced that he would seek the House Assistant Democratic Leader position, rather than that of Democratic Whip.[2][3]

Clyburn played a pivotal role in the

South Carolina Democratic primary. His endorsement came at a time when Biden's campaign had suffered three disappointing finishes in the Iowa and Nevada caucuses and the New Hampshire primary. Biden's South Carolina win three days before Super Tuesday
transformed his campaign; the momentum led him to capture the Democratic nomination and later the presidency.

Early life and education

Clyburn was born in

disenfranchised
most African-American citizens, a situation the state maintained for more than half a century until federal civil rights legislation passed in the mid-1960s.

Clyburn graduated from Mather Academy (later named

historically black college in Orangeburg. He joined the Omega Psi Phi fraternity and graduated with a bachelor's degree
in history.

For his first full-time position after college, Clyburn taught at C.A. Brown High School in Charleston.

Early political career

Clyburn became involved in politics during the 1969 Charleston hospital strike.[7] After assisting the settlement of the protests at the Medical University of South Carolina, he became involved in St. Julian Devine's campaign for a seat on the Charleston city council in 1969. Clyburn came up with the campaign's slogan, "Devine for Ward Nine". When Devine won the race, he became the first African American to hold a seat on the city council since Reconstruction. Clyburn later credited that campaign as the reason he got into electoral politics.[8]

After an unsuccessful run for the South Carolina General Assembly, Clyburn moved to Columbia to join the staff of Governor John C. West in 1971. West called Clyburn and offered him a job as his advisor after reading Clyburn's response to his loss in the newspaper. After West appointed Clyburn as his advisor, Clyburn became the first nonwhite advisor to a governor in South Carolina history.

In the aftermath of the 1968

Orangeburg massacre, when police killed three protesting students at South Carolina State, West appointed Clyburn as the state's human affairs commissioner.[9] He served in this position until 1992, when he stepped down to run for Congress. The Orangeburg massacre and civil-rights protest predated the 1970 Kent State shootings and 1970 Jackson State killings, in which the National Guard at Kent State, and police and state highway patrol at Jackson State, killed student protesters demonstrating against the U.S. invasion of Cambodia during the Vietnam War.[10]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

See also: 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina § District 6, and 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina § District 6

After the 1990 census South Carolina's district lines were redrawn. Due to prior racial discrimination before the

black-majority district. The 6th was reconfigured to take in most of the majority-black areas near Columbia and Charleston, as well as most of the Black Belt. Five-term incumbent Robin Tallon's home in Florence stayed in the district, but he chose to retire. Five candidates, all of whom were African American, ran for the Democratic nomination for the seat. Clyburn's campaign was led by NAACP activist Isaac W. Williams.[11]

Clyburn won 55% of the vote in the primary, eliminating the need for a runoff. As expected, he won the general

election in November handily, becoming the first Democrat to represent a significant portion of Columbia since 1965 and the first Democrat to represent a significant portion of Charleston since 1981. He was the first African-American to represent South Carolina in Congress since George W. Murray in 1893.[12] He has been reelected 15 times with no substantive Republican
opposition.

For his first 10 terms, Clyburn represented a district that stretched from the

Hilton Head Island
(though not taking in any of Beaufort or Hilton Head themselves). The reconfigured 6th was no less Democratic than its predecessor. In all its incarnations as a black-majority district, it has been dominated by black voters in the Columbia and Charleston areas, and for much of that time has been the only safe Democratic district in the state.

In 2008, Clyburn defeated Nancy Harrelson, 68% to 32%.[13] In 2010, he defeated Jim Pratt, 65% to 34%.[14] In 2012, Clyburn defeated Anthony Culler, 73% to 25%.[15]

In March 2024, Clyburn announced his run for re-election.[16] His Republican opponents, Duke Buckner and Justin Scott, will compete in their June Primary.[17] Gregg Marcel Dixon, who ran against Clyburn as a Democrat in 2022,[18] switched to the United Citizens Party for his 2024 run for the seat.[19] Alliance Party candidate Joseph Oddo and Libertarian candidate Michael Simpson have also filed for the seat.[20]

South Carolina Redistricting

In 2023, ProPublica reported that Clyburn secretly worked with South Carolina Republicans during the 2020 Congressional redistricting process to dilute the state's Black vote.[21] The resulting Congressional map made Democrats "have virtually no shot of winning any congressional seat in South Carolina other than Clyburn’s."[21] The NAACP, in 2022, challenged the South Carolina's redistricting as an unconstitutional racial gerrymander, alleging that Republicans deliberately moved Black voters into Clyburn’s district to solidify Republican control over a neighboring swing district.[22] A spokesperson for Clyburn denied "any accusation that Congressman Clyburn in any way enabled or facilitated Republican gerrymandering."[21] The NAACP case, filed as Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP, was argued on October 11, 2023, in the Supreme Court and a ruling will be made during the 2023–24 term.[23][24][25]

Tenure

Party leadership

Clyburn with President Barack Obama as he meets with House leaders

Clyburn was elected

2006 election, Clyburn was unanimously elected Majority Whip in the 110th Congress.[citation needed
]

Clyburn would have faced a challenge from

National Public Radio's Morning Edition on January 12, 2007, and acknowledged the difficulty of counting votes and rallying the fractious Democratic caucus while his party held the House majority.[citation needed
]

In the

2010 elections, the Democrats lost their House majority. Pelosi ran for Minority Leader in order to remain the House party leader, while Clyburn announced that he would challenge Steny Hoyer, the second-ranking House Democrat and outgoing Majority Leader, for Minority Whip. Clyburn had the support of the Congressional Black Caucus, which wanted to keep an African-American in the House leadership, while Hoyer had 35 public endorsements, including three standing committee chairs. On November 13, Pelosi announced a deal whereby Hoyer would remain Minority Whip, while a "number three" leadership position styled Assistant Leader would be created for Clyburn.[27] The exact responsibilities of Clyburn's assistant leader office were unclear, though it was said to replace the Assistant to the Leader post previously held by Chris Van Hollen, who had attended all leadership meetings but was not in the leadership hierarchy.[28][29]

On November 28, 2018, Clyburn was elected to serve his second stint as

House Majority Whip.[30][31]

Ideology

Clyburn is regarded as liberal in his political stances, actions and votes. In 2007 the National Journal ranked him the 77th most liberal U.S. representative, with a score of 81, indicating that the conductors of this study found his voting record to be more liberal than 81% of other House members, based on their recent voting records.[32]

Clyburn has established liberal stances on health care, education,

organized labor and environmental conservation issues, based on his legislative actions as well as evaluations and ratings by pertinent interest groups.[33]

Healthcare

In 2009, Clyburn introduced the Access for All Americans Act. The $26 billion sought by the Act would provide funding to quadruple the number of community health centers in the US that provide medical care to uninsured and low-income citizens.[34]

The American Public Health Association, the American Academy of Family Physicians, The Children’s Health Fund, and other health care interest groups rate Clyburn highly based on his voting record on pertinent issues. Other groups in this field, such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, gave Clyburn a rating of zero in 2014.[35]

Despite his opposition to

Supreme Court's intention to overturn Roe v. Wade had been leaked, Clyburn controversially campaigned on behalf of anti-abortion incumbent Representative Henry Cuellar, who faced a pro-choice primary challenger.[37]

Education
Clyburn (left) at South Carolina State University with President Joe Biden.

Clyburn has continuously sought new and additional funding for education. He has gained additional funding for special education[38] and lower interest rates on federal student loans.[39] In many sessions Clyburn has sought, sponsored and/or voted for improvements in Pell Grant funding for college loans.[40]

The National Education Association and the National Association of Elementary School Principals rate Clyburn very highly, as do other education interest groups.[41]

Ports

Although he was criticized for a previous expenditure of 160 million dollars to expand South Carolina's ports, Clyburn said he would continue to make funding available for further expansions. The plan is to deepen the ports to allow for larger commercial ships to arrive from the Panama Canal, which is being expanded to allow for larger ships to pass through. This is primarily because of larger commercial ships from China, and China's extremely high demand for soybeans, which are produced in South Carolina but must be sent to larger ports for exporting. This measure will benefit South Carolina business and farmers and is thus heavily backed by these groups.[42]

Labor

Clyburn has consistently voted for increases in minimum wage income and to restrict employer interference with labor union organization.[43]

Many national labor unions, including the

AFL–CIO, the United Auto Workers, the Communication Workers Association, and the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, give Clyburn outstanding ratings based on his voting record on issues that pertain to labor and employment.[44]

Environment
Clyburn with Nancy Pelosi and U2 lead singer Bono in 2006

Clyburn has opposed legislation to increase

wind and solar energy.[45] Members of the nuclear power industry have said that there is mutual respect between Clyburn and themselves.[46] Clyburn pushed for a 2010 contract to convert plutonium from old weapons into nuclear fuel.[46][47]

Organizations such as the League of Conservation Voters and Defenders of Wildlife have viewed Clyburn favorably,[48] but he angered environmentalists when he proposed building a $150 million bridge across a swampy area of Lake Marion in Calhoun County.

Objection to the 2004 presidential election

Clyburn was one of 31 House Democrats who voted not to count Ohio's 20

electoral votes in the 2004 presidential election.[49] George W. Bush won Ohio by 118,457 votes.[50] Without Ohio's electoral votes, the election would have been decided by the U.S. House of Representatives, with each state having one vote in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution
.

War in Iraq

On July 31, 2007, Clyburn said in a broadcast interview that it would be a "real big problem" for the Democratic Party if General

Republicans were to stay united as they have been, then it would be a problem for us."[51]

Bill Clinton comments

Clyburn was officially neutral during the 2008 primary battle between

impeachment problems, it was the black community that bellied up to the bar", Clyburn said. "I think black folks feel strongly that this is a strange way for President Clinton to show his appreciation."[53]

Impeachments of Bill Clinton and Donald Trump

On December 19, 1998, Clyburn voted against all four articles of impeachment against President Bill Clinton. On December 18, 2019, Clyburn voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald Trump.[55] On January 13, 2021, one week after the January 6 United States Capitol attack, Clyburn voted for the single article of impeachment against Trump.

Committee assignments

On April 2, 2020, Pelosi announced that Clyburn would chair the

House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis.[56]

  • Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction
    (2011–2012)

Caucus memberships

Presidential endorsements

Clyburn with Biden in 2022

Clyburn is considered a

power broker in South Carolina.[60][61] For almost 30 years, he has hosted an annual fish fry "that every four years becomes a must-attend event for presidential hopefuls."[62][63]

During the

electoral votes in the 2004 presidential election amid a dispute over irregularities.[64]

Like other Democratic congressional leaders, Clyburn remained publicly uncommitted throughout most of the 2008 presidential primary elections. Despite being officially neutral, Clyburn voted for Obama in the South Carolina primary. Former President

South Dakota primaries. By that time, Obama's lead in pledged delegates was substantial enough that those two primaries could not undo it.[66][67]

Clyburn endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential campaign.[68]

Clyburn's endorsement of

2020 Presidential election
.

Political positions

Clyburn identifies as a progressive,[72] but thinks the Democratic Party's more liberal wing should be "practical". Various progressives have called him "conservative" and "centrist".[73][74]

Israel

In January 2017, Clyburn voted against a House resolution condemning the

2023 Hamas attack on Israel[77][78]

Homosexuality and same-sex marriage

In 1996, Clyburn voted in favor of the Defense of Marriage Act, which at the time passed with majority Democratic support and near-unanimous Republican support.[79] The act restricted federal recognition of marriage to the union of a man and a woman, and explicitly granted states the power to ban same-sex marriage and refuse to acknowledge same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states.[80] The House Judiciary Committee had explicitly said the act was meant to "express moral disapproval of homosexuality".[81] The act passed by an 85-vote majority in the Senate and was signed into law by President Bill Clinton.[79]

In 2012, after Obama's public endorsement of same-sex marriage,[82] amid shifting public opinion of same-sex marriage, Clyburn said in an interview that he too supported marriage equality.[83] In the interview, he said his former disapproval of same-sex marriage was rooted in his Christian faith, but that he had since "evolved". Clyburn called for nationwide legislation of marriage equality, opposing Obama's state-by-state approach, saying, "if you consider this to be a civil right—and I do—I don't think civil rights ought to be left up to a state-by-state approach".[83]

During the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries, when considering an endorsement, Clyburn cited Pete Buttigieg's sexual orientation as an issue, saying it was "no question" that his sexuality would hurt his popularity and that "[he] knew a lot of people [his] age that felt that way."[84] Clyburn added, "I'm not going to sit here and tell you otherwise, because I think everybody knows that's an issue."[85] In the wake of his comments, then-candidate Kamala Harris dismissed his comments as "nonsense" and "a trope" of the African American community,[86] but the Benson Strategy Group reported that "being gay was a barrier for these voters, particularly for the men who seemed uncomfortable discussing it."[86]

Personal life

Clyburn with his daughter Mignon in 2013

Clyburn was married to librarian Emily England Clyburn from 1961 until her death in 2019,[87] making him a widower. They had three daughters; their eldest, Mignon Clyburn, was appointed to the Federal Communications Commission by President Barack Obama,[88] and their second daughter, Jennifer Clyburn Reed, was appointed as federal co-chair of the newly formed Southeast Crescent Regional Commission.[89] Their third daughter, Angela Clyburn, is Political Director for the South Carolina Democratic Party[90] and a member of Richland County District One School Board.[91]

See also

References

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  86. ^ a b Dugyala, Rishika. "'Just nonsense': Kamala Harris calls narrative that black voters are homophobic a trope". POLITICO. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
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  88. ^ Schatz, Amy (April 29, 2009). "Mignon Clyburn Nominated to FCC". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
  89. ^ Boyer, Dave (August 4, 2021). "Biden nominates Clyburn's daughter to federal commission on poverty". The Washington Times. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
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  91. ^ "From the Board of School Commissioners". Richland One School District. 2023. Retrieved October 6, 2023.

Further reading

External links

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U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 6th congressional district
1993–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus
1999–2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by House Majority Whip
2007–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by House Majority Whip
2019–2023 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by
Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus

2003–2006 		Succeeded by
Chair of the House Democratic Caucus

2006–2007 		Succeeded by
Preceded byas House Democratic Assistant to the Leader House Assistant Democratic Leader
2011–2019 		Succeeded byas Assistant Speaker of the House of Representatives
Preceded byas Assistant Speaker of the House of Representatives House Assistant Democratic Leader
2023–2024 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States representatives by seniority
13th 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jim_Clyburn&oldid=1220538406"