Joensuu
Joensuu
Jovensuu ( Joensuu Railway Station, and the fountain in the park; in the middle from top to bottom: the Joensuu City Hall , The Gate of Joensuu (Joensuun portti) near the market square, and the Statue of Liberty in the Park of Liberty | |
---|---|
Population by age | |
• 0 to 14 | 13.5% |
• 15 to 64 | 64.1% |
• 65 or older | 22.5% |
Time zone | UTC+02:00 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+03:00 (EEST) |
Unemployment rate | 14.5% |
Website | www.joensuu.fi |
Joensuu (Finnish: [ˈjoensuː] ⓘ; Karelian: Jovensuu; lit. 'river's mouth') is a city in Finland and the regional capital of North Karelia. It is located in the eastern interior of the country and in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Joensuu is approximately 78,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 127,000. It is the 12th most populous municipality in Finland, and the ninth most populous urban area in the country.
Joensuu was founded in 1848 by the Russian Emperor
As is typical of cities in Eastern Finland, Joensuu is monolingually
Heraldry
The explanation of the
History
The city of Joensuu, founded by the Czar
Throughout the centuries
industry.During the last few decades, the formerly modest agrarian town has developed into a vital centre of the province. Success in regional annexations, the establishment of the region of North Karelia, and investments in education have been the most decisive actions in this development.
The municipality of Pielisensuu was consolidated with Joensuu in 1954. At the beginning of 2005, the municipalities of Kiihtelysvaara and Tuupovaara were consolidated with Joensuu. At the beginning of 2009 the municipalities of Eno and Pyhäselkä were consolidated with Joensuu. After the most recent consolidations, there are approximately 73,000 inhabitants in the Joensuu municipal area.
The
The proximity of the eastern border has been an important factor in the history of the city. The Republic of Karelia is once again a significant area for cooperation with nearby regions in Russia. Export companies in Joensuu continue the pre-revolutionary traditions in foreign trade.
Joensuu offers varied cultural activities. A series of events – Ilosaarirock festival, Joensuu Music Winter, Festival of Visual Culture Viscult, Gospel festivals – and the unspoilt environment increase the attractiveness of the city.
Joensuu is sometimes referred to as the Forest Capital of Europe, mainly because the European Forest Institute is based there. Other forestry research and educational facilities are also based in Joensuu.
Geography
The neighboring municipalities of Joensuu are Liperi, Kontiolahti, Lieksa, Ilomantsi, Tohmajärvi and Rääkkylä. In addition, the city is part of the Joensuu sub-region, which currently also includes the municipalities of Heinävesi, Ilomantsi, Juuka, Kontiolahti, Liperi and Polvijärvi, as well as the town of Outokumpu.
Climate
Joensuu has a subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc) closely bordering on the continental climate zone (Köppen climate classification Dfb) due to its high latitude and inland position. Being quite far inland, Joensuu has a more continental climate than most of Finland. As a result, Joensuu can be prone to temperature extremes both in winter and summer. For example, Joensuu is on average warmer than Dublin or Manchester in July, and colder than Moscow in January. Winters are long, cold and snowy. Summers however, bring frequent temperatures above 20.0 °C (68.0 °F) and thunderstorms occur typically on 10–15 days per year.[14] The highest temperature ever recorded 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) on July 29, 2010, is the highest recorded temperature in Finland and the second highest ever recorded temperature in the Nordic countries, only behind Sweden's all time record at 38.0 °C (100.4 °F). The lowest temperature ever recorded in Joensuu was −40.0 °C (−40.0 °F) on December 10, 1955. In winter, the snowcover is reliable and on average 50–70 cm deep. Annually, Joensuu experiences on average 24 days with temperatures −20 °C (−4 °F) or colder while temperature below −30 °C (−22 °F) is observed about once per year. Annual total precipitation averages at 589 mm, with about 225 mm of it falling in the form of snow.[15][16]
Climate data for Joensuu (1991–2020, extremes 1955–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
29.2 (84.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
31.4 (88.5) |
25.8 (78.4) |
18.7 (65.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
8.3 (46.9) |
37.2 (99.0) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
2.4 (36.3) |
6.6 (43.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
23.6 (74.5) |
26.7 (80.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
20.1 (68.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
7.1 (44.8) |
3.3 (37.9) |
29.2 (84.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.4 (56.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.6 (16.5) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
2.0 (35.6) |
9.0 (48.2) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
3.6 (38.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12 (10) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −26.8 (−16.2) |
−25.3 (−13.5) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
−29.5 (−21.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −39.0 (−38.2) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
−32.1 (−25.8) |
−21.4 (−6.5) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−16.8 (1.8) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−40.0 (−40.0) |
−40.0 (−40.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 45 (1.8) |
37 (1.5) |
33 (1.3) |
30 (1.2) |
44 (1.7) |
64 (2.5) |
66 (2.6) |
73 (2.9) |
57 (2.2) |
60 (2.4) |
53 (2.1) |
54 (2.1) |
616 (24.3) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 21 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 197 |
Source: FMI (Temperature data for Liperi Airport elevation 121 m, precipitation Joensuu Pyhäselkä elevation 79 m)[17] |
Demographics
Population
The city of Joensuu has 78,060 inhabitants, making it the 12th most populous municipality in Finland. The Joensuu region has a population of 127,295. In Joensuu, 6.3% of the population has a foreign background, which is below to the national average.[18]
Year | Population |
---|---|
1990 | 67,363
|
1995 | 70,507
|
2000 | 71,013
|
2005 | 72,292
|
2010 | 73,305
|
2015 | 75,514
|
2020 | 76,935
|
Languages
Joensuu is a monolingual
At least 40 different languages are spoken in Joensuu. The most commonly spoken foreign languages are Russian (3.2%), Arabic (0.3%), English (0.3%) and Bengali (0.2%).[18]
Immigration
Population by country of birth (2022)[18] | ||
Nationality | Population | % |
---|---|---|
Finland | 72,726 | 93.8 |
Soviet Union | 1,254 | 1.6 |
Russia | 1,015 | 1.3 |
Sweden | 191 | 0.2 |
Bangladesh | 154 | 0.2 |
China | 142 | 0.2 |
Syria | 130 | 0.2 |
Germany | 97 | 0.1 |
Thailand | 96 | 0.1 |
Turkey | 88 | 0.1 |
Pakistan | 80 | 0.1 |
Other | 1,540 | 2.0 |
In 2022, there were 4,918 persons with a migrant background living in Joensuu, or 6.3% of the population.[note 1] The number of residents who were born abroad was 4,787, or 6.2% of the population. The number of persons with foreign citizenship living in Joensuu was 3,213.[20] Most foreign-born citizens came from the former Soviet Union, Russia, Sweden and Bangladesh.[18]
The relative share of immigrants in Joensuu's population is below to the national average. However, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years.
Religion
In 2022, the Evangelical Lutheran Church was the largest religious group with 64.4% of the population of Joensuu. Other religious groups accounted for 6.3% of the population. 29.3% of the population had no religious affiliation.[18]
Economy
Joensuu is a growing provincial center with a service-oriented
The
There are four
Transport
Joensuu has a railway station and a bus station, which offers intercity connections to Helsinki and local connections to several other places. Numbered bus service is available to all parts of Joensuu (Route maps, Timetables). Joensuu also has an airport (located in nearby Liperi), with flights to Helsinki.
Joensuu is located along the Blue Highway, which is an international tourist route from Mo i Rana, Norway to Pudozh, Russia via Sweden.
Sports
The city is known for its
Notable sportspeople from Joensuu include
Education
Joensuu is a city of students.
There is also the Joensuu Sports Academy, which is a co-operation network of educational institutions that offers
Notable people
- Ismo Alanko (born 1960), musician
- Toomas Heikkinen (born 1991), racing driver
- Floor Jansen, Dutch singer and the lead vocalist of Nightwish, lived in Joensuu between 2014 and 2015.[40]
- Aku Korhonen (1892−1960), actor
- Matias Laine (born 1990), racing driver
- Suvi Lindén (born 1962), politician and former Minister of Culture
- Kaisa Mäkäräinen (born 1983), 3-time world-cup-winning biathlete
- Sini Manninen (1944–2012), painter
- Hannu Mikkola (1942–2021), rally driver
- Taneli Mustonen (born 1978), film director and screenwriter
- Janne Mertanen (born 1967), pianist
- accordionist
- Pentti Saarikoski (1937–1983), poet and translator
- Jouko Turkka (1942–2016), theatrical director and controversialist
- Mari Turunen (born 1970), actress
- Urho Vaakanainen (born 1999), ice hockey player
Friendship cities
Joensuu is
- Linköping, Sweden (since 1940)
- Ísafjörður, Iceland (since 1948)
- Tønsberg, Norway (1948)
- Hof, Germany (since 1970)
- Vilnius, Lithuania (since 1970)
- Petrozavodsk, Russia (cooperation agreement) (since 1994)
See also
- Eno, Finland
- Finnish Lake Road
- Ilosaarirock
- Öllölä
- Pielisjoki Castle
Notes
References
- ^ Jönssi – Urbaani Sanakirja (in Finnish)
- ^ Jenssi – Urbaani Sanakirja (in Finnish)
- ^ "Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ "Immigration record high in Finland in 2023". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ "Demographic Structure by area as of 31 December 2022". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "Population according to age (1-year) and sex by area and the regional division of each statistical reference year, 2003–2020". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ a b "Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Administration of Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ The City of Joensuu – An oasis of modern education – Global Education Park Finland
- ^ "North Karelia University of Applied Sciences, Pohjois-Karjalan ammattikorkeakoulu". Archived from the original on 2010-04-17. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
- ISBN 951-773-085-3.
- ^ "Sisäasiainministeriön vahvistamat kaupunkien, kauppaloiden ja kuntien vaakunat I:9 Joensuu". Kansallisarkiston digitaaliarkisto (in Finnish). Retrieved March 28, 2021.
- ^ "Ennen 8.4.1949 annettua kunnanvaakunalakia vahvistetut vaakunat I:7 Joensuu". Kansallisarkiston digitaaliarkisto (in Finnish). Retrieved March 28, 2021.
- ^ Steps leading to the establishment of the UEF Archived 2013-02-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Ilmatieteen laitos".
- ^ "Retkeilijän sää, osa 2: Onko siellä lunta? Näin ennakoit lumen paksuuden ja lumisateet". 19 April 2018.
- ^ "Säähavaintoarkisto – Taulukkotilastot – FMI Avoin data".
- ^ "Finnish Climate normals 1991-2020". FMI. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Number of foreign-language speakers grew by nearly 38,000 persons". Statistics Finland. 31 May 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Persons with foreign background". Statistics Finland. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ "Population structure 2000-2022, urban-rural classification". Statistics Finland. 26 May 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- YLE(in Finnish). November 1, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
- ^ Joensuu taskukoossa 2019 (in Finnish). City of Joensuu. p. 5.
- ^ "Palkeet ottaa käyttöön uudenlaista ohjelmistorobotiikkaa". Karjalainen (in Finnish). 2016. Archived from the original on February 13, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
- ^ "Puolustusvoimien palvelukeskus". Finnish Defence Forces (in Finnish). Retrieved June 30, 2021.
- ^ Iso Myy
- ^ Joensuun Metropol (in Finnish)
- ^ Plaza Centrum (in Finnish)
- ^ Sokos Joensuu (in Finnish)
- ^ "Education - joensuu.fi". www.joensuu.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 2017-09-13.
- ^ "Introduction | UEF". www.uef.fi. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
- ^ "Introduction | KAUS". www.karelia.fi/en/. Retrieved 2017-10-03.
- ^ Joensuun lyseon lukio (in Finnish)
- ^ Norssin lukio (in Finnish)
- ^ Yhteiskoulun lukio (in Finnish)
- ^ The school of Eastern Finland, Bilingual and international
- ^ Pyhänselän lukio (in Finnish)
- ^ Urheiluakatemia (in Finnish)
- ^ Sports academy – UEF Kamu
- ^ Sports activities – Karelia University of Applied Sciences
- YLE(in Finnish). Retrieved March 26, 2021.
- ^ "Kansainvälinen Joensuu" (in Finnish). City of Joensuu. Retrieved 21 August 2019.