Johann Stamitz
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Johann Wenzel Anton Stamitz (Czech: Jan Václav Antonín Stamic; 18 June 1717 – 27 March 1757) was a Bohemian composer and violinist. His two surviving sons, Carl and Anton Stamitz, were composers of the Mannheim school, of which Johann is considered the founding father. His music is stylistically transitional between the Baroque and Classical periods.
Life
Stamitz was born in Deutschbrod, Bohemia, into a family that came from Marburg[1] (today Maribor, Slovenia).
Stamitz spent the academic year 1734–1735 at the
He was appointed by the Mannheim court in 1741 or 1742. Most likely, his engagement there resulted from contacts made during the Bohemian campaign and coronation of Carl Albert (Karl VII) of Bavaria, a close ally of the Elector Palatine. In January 1742, Stamitz performed before the Mannheim court as part of the festivities surrounding the marriage of Karl Theodor, who succeeded his uncle Karl Philipp as Elector Palatine less than a year later; Carl Albert was among the wedding guests.
Stamitz married Maria Antonia Luneborn on July 1, 1744. They had five children together, Carl Philipp, Maria Franziska, Anton Thadäus Nepomuk, and two children who died in infancy.[1]
Probably around the late summer of 1754, Stamitz paid a yearlong visit to Paris, perhaps at the invitation of music patron
He probably returned to Mannheim around the autumn of 1755, dying there in spring 1757, less than two years later, at the age of 39. The entry of his death reads: "March 30, 1757. Buried, Jo'es Stainmiz, director of court music, so expert in his art that his equal will hardly be found. Rite provided".[1]
Compositions
Stamitz's most important compositions are his 58 symphonies and his 10 orchestral trios. The orchestral trios are actually symphonies for strings, but may be played one player to a part as chamber music. His concertos include numerous ones for violin, two for viola, two for harpsichord, 12 for flute, one for oboe, one for trumpet, and one for clarinet, among the earliest concertos for the instrument (Johann Melchior Molter's six from the 1740s seem to have been the first[citation needed]). He also composed a large amount of chamber music for various instrumental combinations, as well as eight vocal works including his widely circulated concert Mass in D.
Because at least five other 18th-century musicians bore the surname Stamitz, including four from Johann's immediate family, any attempt to catalog his (or any of the others') works is risky at best, principally in view of the many variations in spelling. Actually, few difficulties arise in distinguishing between works by Johann Stamitz and those of his sons Carl and Anton. By contrast, the relationship of the names 'Steinmetz' and 'Stamitz' has caused substantial confusion, given at least two other 18th-century musicians with the surname Steinmetz.[citation needed]
Innovations in the Classical symphony
Johann Stamitz's expanded orchestration included important wind parts. His symphonies of the 1750s are scored in eight parts: four strings, two horns and two oboes, although flutes or clarinets may substitute for the oboes. Horns provided not only a harmonic backdrop for strings but solo lines as well, and he was also one of the first composers to write independent lines for oboes.[citation needed]
The chief innovation in Stamitz's symphonic works is their four-
Stamitz also adapted and extended traits originally developed in Italian opera in his instrumental works. He added innovative dynamic devices such as extended
Selected works
- Trios, Op. 1
- Symphony in G major "Mannheim No. 1"
- Symphony in A major "Mannheim No. 2"
- Symphony in B-flat major "Mannheim No. 3"
- Symphony in D major, Op. 3, No. 2
- Symphony in E-flat major, Op. 11, No. 3
- Symphony in F major
- Missa Solemnis in D major
- Litaniae Lauretanae in C major
- Violin Concerto in C major
- Violin Concerto in B-flat major
- Clarinet Concerto in B-flat major
- Flute Concerto in C major
- Flute Concerto in D major
- Flute Concerto in G major
- Notturno in D major
References
- ^ ISBN 9031303461.
- Johann Stamitz
- Biography and works for viola d'amore
- "Johann (Wenzel Anton) [Jan Waczlaw (Václav) Antonin (Antonín)] Stamitz", Grove Music Onlineed. L. Macy
- Wolf, Eugene K. The Symphonies of Johann Stamitz: A Study in the Formation of the Classic Style. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema 1981 ISBN 90-313-0346-1
- ISBN 0-495-00868-0
External links
- Media related to Jan Václav Stamic at Wikimedia Commons
- Free scores by Johann Stamitz at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)