Johannes Cuspinian

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Johannes Cuspinian by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1503)

Johannes Cuspinianus (December 1473 – 19 April 1529), born Johan Spießhaymer (or Speißheimer), was a German-Austrian humanist, scientist, diplomat, and historian. Born in Spießheim near Schweinfurt in Franconia, of which Cuspinianus is a Latinization, he studied in Leipzig and Würzburg. He went to Vienna in 1492 and became a professor of medicine at the University of Vienna. He became Rector of the university in 1500 and also served as Royal Superintendent until his death.

A leading scholar, he was the author of De Caesaribus et Imperatoribus and was also given a poet's

Stiborius. He rendered important service as the discoverer and editor of classical and medieval historical texts. His unfinished Austria (1527-8) was an important historical-geographical regional survey of Lower Austria
.

Early life

In 1490 he matriculated at the

University of Leipzig, went to the University of Vienna (1493) to continue his humanistic studies, and in 1494 entered there on a course of medicine. At this early age he edited the "Liber Hymnorum" of Prudentius, and made a reputation by his lectures on Virgil, Horace, Sallust, and Cicero
.

He was acquainted with

and received the title of Master of Arts from Maximilian. Soon after this he was made a doctor of medicine, and in 1500 rector of the university.

Career

Maximilian made him his confidential councillor and appointed him curator of the university for life. Cuspinian also received the position of chief librarian of the Imperial Library, and superintendent of the archives of the imperial family. As curator of the university he exercised great influence on its development, although he was not able to prevent the decline caused by the political and religious disturbances of the second decade of the sixteenth century. He was on terms of friendship with the most noted humanists and scholars; the calling of his friend Conrad Celtes to Vienna is especially due to him. Celtes and he were the heading spirits of the literary association called the "Sodalitas Litterarum Danubiana".

In 1515 Cuspinian was prefect of the city of

Habsburg line and the King of Hungary and Bohemia; another of his missions was to accompany Bona Sforza, the bride of King Sigismund of Poland, to Kraków
.

As a diplomat, he served as an envoy to Poland and Hungary and orchestrated the

Louis II
– a result of enormous importance for later central and eastern European history for centuries to come.

Writings

His literary activity covered the most varied domains. Although his poetical writings are of little importance, and his manuscript "Collectanea medicinalia" of no great value, nevertheless he attained a high reputation as a collector and, to some degree, as an editor of ancient and medieval manuscripts.

Among other publications, he edited in 1511

Marbod, and the medieval chronicler Otto of Freising. Important as a contribution to the study of ancient history is the publication which first appeared, after his death in 1553, namely, the "Fasti consulares", with which were united the "Chronicle" of Cassiodorus and the "Breviarium" of Faenius Rufus
. Another valuable work of Cuspinian is the "History of the Roman Emperors", prepared during the years 1512-22 (in Latin, 1540, and in German, 1541).

For a long time, especially after the Battle of Mohács, he busied himself with the Turkish question and printed both political and historical writings on the subject, the most important of which is his "De Turcarum origine, religione et tyrannide". It was at that time that some of Cuspinian's earlier writings were irrevocably lost because the only copies of them had been kept in the famed Bibliotheca Corviniana at Buda, destroyed during the Ottoman conquest.

Cuspinian's best work is "Austria, sive Commentarius de rebus Austriæ", edited by Kaspar Brusch in 1553 with critical notes.

Gerbelius
(Commentationes Cusp., Strasburg, 1540); a more complete edition of his works appeared at Frankfurt am Main in 1601.

In 1528 he published the manuscript map of Hungary he had found after 1526, presumably in Buda. The map was edited by Georg Tannstetter from the manuscript of Lazarus Secretarius and was published by Petrus Apianus the printer of Ingolstadt.

Grave

Cuspinianus is buried in Vienna's

Stephansdom
.

References

  1. ^ Also as: Austria: ... cum omnibus eiusdem marchionibus, ducibus, archiducibus, ac rebus praeclare ad haec vsque tempora ab iisdem gestis. Eiusdem ... Cuspiniani oratio ... ad S. Ro. Imperii principes & proceres, vt bellum suscipiant contra Turcum. Francofurti: typis Wechelianis apud Claudium Marnium, & heredes Ioannis Aubrij, 1601

Sources

  • Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Johannes Cuspinian" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • Tabula Hungarie ad quatuor latera, The Lazarus map of Hungary. Ingolstadt 1528.
  • (in English) Renaissance-Humanism
  • (in German) Aeiou entry on Cuspinianus
Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainHerbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Johannes Cuspinian". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.