Johannes Peter Müller
Johannes Peter Müller | |
---|---|
Friedrich Anton Schneider |
Johannes Peter Müller (14 July 1801 – 28 April 1858) was a German
Life
Early years and education
Müller was born in
When he was eighteen, his love for natural science became dominant, and he turned to medicine,
Career summary
He became Privatdozent of physiology and comparative anatomy at the University of Bonn in 1824, extraordinary professor of physiology in 1826, and ordinary professor in 1830. In 1833 he went to the University of Berlin, where he filled the chair of anatomy and physiology until his death.
Early research
Müller made contributions in numerous domains of physiology, in particular increasing understanding of the
Elements of Physiology
In the century preceding Müller's work, many contributions to physiological science had been made. Müller gave order to these facts, developed general principles and showed physiologists how recent discoveries in physics and chemistry could be applied to their work.[6]
The appearance of his magnum opus, Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, between 1833 and 1840 (translated into English as Elements of Physiology by William Baly, and published in London 1837–1843) marked the beginning of a new period in the study of physiology. In it, for the first time, the results of human and comparative anatomy, as well as of chemistry and other departments of physical science, and tools like the microscope, were brought to bear on the investigation of physiological problems.
The most important portion of the work was that dealing with nervous action and the mechanism of the senses. Here he stated the principle, previously recognized but not stated as clearly, that the kind of sensation following stimulation of a sensory nerve does not depend on the mode of stimulation but upon the nature of the sense organ.[7] Thus light, pressure, or mechanical stimulation acting on the retina and optic nerve invariably produces luminous impressions. This he termed the law of specific energies of the sense.
The book became the leading textbook in physiology for much of the nineteenth century. It manifests Müller's interests in vitalism, philosophy and scientific rigor. He discusses the difference between inorganic and organic matter. He considers in detail various physiological systems of a wide variety of animals, but attributes the indivisible whole of an organism to the presence of a soul. He also proposes that living organisms possess a life-energy for which physical laws can never fully account.[8]
Edward Forbes F.R.S. in his A History of British Starfishes, and Other Animals of the Class Echinodermata (1841) in his preface refers to Muller as "one of the greatest living physiologists, Muller of Berlin".
Later years
In the later part of his life he chiefly devoted himself to comparative anatomy. Fishes and marine invertebrates were his favorite subjects. He took 19 trips to the
He authored a comprehensive work on the anatomy of
Müller coined the term
Müller mentored such distinguished scientists and physiologists as
Müller died in Berlin in 1858. In 1899, a bronze statue by Joseph Uphues was erected in his memory in Koblenz.
Works
In addition to his Handbuch der Physiologie (translated by Baly in 1843: Elements of Physiology), his publications include:
- De Respiratione Fœtus (Leipzig, 1823), a prize dissertation
- Zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Gesichtssinns (1826)
- Über die phantastischen Gesichtserscheinungen (1826)
- Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien (1830), in which he traced the development of the Müllerian duct
- De glandularum secernentium structura penitiori (1830)
- Beiträge zur Anatomie und Naturgeschichte der Amphibien (1832)
- Der Tabak in geschichtlicher, botanischer, chemischer und medizinischer Hinsicht (Berlin, 1832)
- Vergleichende Anatomie der Myxinoiden (1834–1843)
- Ueber die organischen Nerven der erectilen männlichen Geschlechtsorgane… (Berlin, 1835)
- Ueber den feineren Bau der krankhaften Geschwülste (On the structural details of malignant tumors, Coblenz, 1838), unfinished — a pioneering use of microscopical research in the investigation of pathological anatomy
- Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen (1841) with F. G. J. Henle
- System der Asteriden. Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn. (1842) with F. H. Troschel
- Horae ichthyologicae (1845–1849) with Troschel
- Über die fossilen Reste der Zeuglodonten… (1848)
- Über Synopta digitata und über die Erzeugung von Schnecken in Holothurien (1852)
After the death of
See also
Taxon described by him
Notes
- ^ Gregor Schiemann, Hermann von Helmholtz's Mechanism: The Loss of Certainty: A Study on the Transition from Classical to Modern Philosophy of Nature, Springer, 2008, p. 70.
- ^ Thomas Fuchs, The Mechanization of the Heart: Harvey and Descartes, University Rochester Press, 2001, 212.
- ^ Chung, King-Thom. Ferdinand Julius Cohn (1828-1898): Pioneer of Bacteriology Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Sciences, The University of Memphis.
- ^ The American Cyclopædia.
- ^ a b Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1884). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. .
- ^ Boring, Edwin (1942). Sensation and Perception in the History of Experimental Psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
- ^ Johannes Peter Müller (1801–1858) Archived 2015-01-11 at the Wayback Machine. mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de
- ^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
- S2CID 39827598.
- ^ Ravi, Vinod; Patel, Shreyaskumar R.; Raut, Chandrajit P.; Baldini, Elizabeth H. (January 2022). "Desmoid tumors: Epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and local therapy". UpToDate. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
- ISBN 978-1-118-08373-4, retrieved 2023-10-30
- ^ "Johannes P. Muller". American Philosophical Society Member History Database. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
References
- Short biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
- Berrios G E (2005) On the fantastic apparitions of vision by Johannes Müller. History of Psychiatry. 16:229-46. [1]
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). . Encyclopedia Americana.
- New International Encyclopedia(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
- Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). The American Cyclopædia. .
- Attribution
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Müller, Johannes Peter". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
Further reading
- Virchow, Rudolf, Johannes Müller, Eine Gedächtnisrede (Berlin, 1858)
- du Bois-Reymond, Emil, “Gedächtnisrede auf Johannes Müller. Gehalten in der Leibniz-Sitzung der Akademie der Wissenschaften am 8. Juli 1858,” In Reden, 2 vols., (Leipzig, 1912), 1: 135-317
- du Bois-Reymond, Emil (Abhandlungen der Berliner Akademie, Berlin, 1859), containing a list of his works
- Bischoff, Theodor, Ueber Johannes Müller und sein Verhältnis zum jetztigen Standpunkt der Physiologie (Munich, 1858)
- Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, vol. ix., p. 556.
- Holmes, Frederick L., “The Role of Johannes Müller in the Formation of Helmholtz’s Physiological Career,” in Universalgenie Helmholtz. Rückblick nach 100 Jahren, ed. Lorenz Krüger (Berlin, 1994), 3-21
- Jardine, Nicholas, “The Mantle of Müller and the Ghost of Goethe: Interactions between the Sciences and Their Histories,” in History and the Disciplines: The Reclassification of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe, ed. Donald R. Kelley (Rochester, 1997), 297-317
- Otis, Laura, Müller's Lab: The Story of Jakob Henle, Theodor Schwann, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Hermann von Helmholtz, Rudolf Virchow, Robert Remak, Ernst Haeckel, and Their Brilliant, Tormented Advisor (Oxford; New York, 2007)
- Finkelstein, Gabriel, Emil du Bois-Reymond: Neuroscience, Self, and Society in Nineteenth-Century Germany (Cambridge; London, 2013), 39–50
External links
- Müller's Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen für Vorlesungen (1837–1840) as fullscan from the original
- The Nuttall Encyclopædia. 1907. .
- . . 1914.