John 4
John 4 | |
---|---|
Book | Gospel of John |
Category | Gospel |
Christian Bible part | New Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 4 |
John 4 is the fourth chapter of the
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 54 verses. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
- Papyrus 75 (AD 175–225)
- Papyrus 66 (c. 200)
- Codex Vaticanus (325-350)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Codex Bezae (c. 400)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (c. 450; complete)
- Papyrus 63 (c. 500; extant verses 9–10)[1]
Old Testament references
- John 4:5: Genesis 23:19; Genesis 48:12; Joshua 14:13[2]
- John 4:18: 2 Kings 17:24.[3]
Jesus leaves Judea (4:1–4)
The
Verse 4 records that in order to reach Galilee "it was necessary ... to go through
Jesus then goes to the Samarian town of Sychar, and rests after his journey at Jacob's Well, while His disciples go into the town to buy food.[11] The gospel notes that it was "about the sixth hour" i.e. around noon (according to Jewish reckoning), or in the evening (according to Roman reckoning); the events recorded are more consistent with the latter, as noon was not the natural time either for resting after a journey or for drawing water.[12]
Samaritan woman (4:5–26)
While Jesus is waiting for his disciples to return, a
The editors of the
Several commentators have noted the openness of Jesus' self-revelation to the Samaritan woman, in contrast to his more reserved communication with the Jews: to the Jews "the Messiah was a conquering king, who would help them to ride on the necks of their enemies, and pay back their persecutions and oppressions" and therefore Jesus' claim to be the Messiah necessarily risked a political interpretation: in John 6:15 "when Jesus perceived that they were about to come and take Him by force to make Him king, He departed again to the mountain by Himself alone". But "to this Samaritan woman - speaking, I suppose, the conceptions of her race - the Messiah was One who was to "tell us all things" about the worship of God.[16]
Evangelization of the Samaritans (4:27–42)
Jesus' disciples return to meet him at the well, and the woman sets off in haste to the town, leaving her waterpot behind. She tells people that Jesus knew all about her, and wonders if he is the Messiah. The people decide to go and see for themselves. The disciples, meanwhile, try to give Jesus some food but he refuses, saying that his food "... is to do the will of HIM who sent me and to finish his work" (John 4:34).
Jesus comments on two sayings which would have been well known to his hearers: "There are still four months and then comes the harvest" (John 4:35) and "One sows and another reaps" (John 4:37). Many of the Samaritan people from town come and Jesus talks with them and they persuade him to stay for two days, teaching them. His words convince them that he is "the Messiah, the Savior of the world". Lutheran theologian Hermann Olshausen described this incident as "further remarkable, as a rare instance of the Lord's ministry producing an awakening on a large scale".[17]
The writer of the
Jesus returns to Galilee (4:43–45)
After the two days, when Jesus stays in Sychar "in compliance with [the Samaritans'] invitation",[18] he then travels back to Galilee, resuming the journey commenced in verse 3. There the people "welcome" or "receive" him (Greek: ἐδέξαντο) with "open arms".[19] John 4:46 notes that many Galileans had also recently been to Jerusalem for the Passover and had seen the signs which Jesus performed there.[20]
The royal official's son (4:46–54)
In Galilee, Jesus returns to
Verse 48
- Jesus therefore said to him, "Unless you see signs and wonders you will not believe".[24]
Jesus seems annoyed because people only seem to believe in him if he performs miracles (Greek: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα, sēmeia kai terata, "signs and wonders").[25] Plummer notes the contrast with "the ready belief of the Samaritans".[13] Nevertheless, Jesus says the boy will be healed. The official goes back home to find his boy well again.
Verse 49
- The official said to him, "Sir, come down before my child dies".[26]
"Down", because Capernaum was located "down on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee".[27]
Verse 54
According to John's own comment concluding this narrative, this is Jesus' second sign or
- This again is the second sign Jesus did when He had come out of Judea into Galilee.[28]
Plummer prefers the wording "This again, as a second miracle (or sign) ..."
References
- ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
- ^ "Biblical concordances of John 4 in the 1611 King James Bible".
- ^ a b Jerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote e at John 4:9
- ^ a b Bengel, J. A., Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament on John 4, accessed 4 November 2020
- ^ Kieffer, R., John, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary Archived 2019-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, p. 967
- ^ John 4:1–3: The Message
- ^ John 4:4: International Standard Version
- ^ Pulpit Commentary on John 4, accessed 23 February 2016
- ^ Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, xx. 6, § 1
- ^ Watkins, H. W., Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers on John 4, accessed 23 February 2016
- ^ John 4:5–6
- ^ Marvin Vincent (1887), Vincent's Word Studies on John 4, accessed 25 February 2016
- ^ a b c d Plummer, A., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on John 4, accessed 1 March 2016
- ^ Meyer, H. A. W. (1880), Meyer's NT Commentary on John 4, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed 29 July 2022. Meyer does not support Hengstenberg's reading.
- ^ 2 Kings 17:24–41
- ^ Alexander MacLaren, MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture on John 4, accessed 27 February 2016
- ^ Quoted in Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary on John 4, accessed 28 February 2016
- ^ Nicoll, W. R., Expositor's Greek Testament on John 4, accessed 30 July 2022
- ^ See The Living Bible's paraphrase for John 4:45
- ^ See John 2:23 and 3:2
- ^ See John chapter 2
- ^ Google Maps, Kafr Kanna to Capernaum via modern Highways 65 and 90, accessed 31 July 2022
- ^ Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary on John 4, accessed 1 March 2016
- ^ John 4:48: Revised Standard Version (RSV)
- ^ John 2:48
- ^ John 4:48: RSV
- ^ Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary on John 4, accessed 31 July 2022
- ^ John 4:54
- ^ Alford, H. (1868), Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary on John 4, accessed 7 November 2020
External links
- John 4 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
Preceded by John 3 |
Chapters of the Bible Gospel of John |
Succeeded by John 5 |