John Ashcroft
John Ashcroft | |
---|---|
79th United States Attorney General | |
In office February 2, 2001 – February 3, 2005 | |
President | George W. Bush |
Deputy | Robert Mueller (acting) Larry Thompson James Comey |
Preceded by | Janet Reno |
Succeeded by | Alberto Gonzales |
United States Senator from Missouri | |
In office January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2001 | |
Preceded by | John Danforth |
Succeeded by | Mel Carnahan (elect) Jean Carnahan |
Chair of the National Governors Association | |
In office August 20, 1991 – August 4, 1992 | |
Preceded by | Booth Gardner |
Succeeded by | Roy Romer |
50th Governor of Missouri | |
In office January 14, 1985 – January 11, 1993 | |
Lieutenant | Harriett Woods Mel Carnahan |
Preceded by | Kit Bond |
Succeeded by | Mel Carnahan |
38th Attorney General of Missouri | |
In office December 27, 1976 – January 14, 1985 | |
Governor | Joseph Teasdale Kit Bond |
Preceded by | John Danforth |
Succeeded by | William L. Webster |
29th Auditor of Missouri | |
In office January 8, 1973 – January 14, 1975 | |
Governor | Kit Bond |
Preceded by | Kit Bond |
Succeeded by | George W. Lehr |
Personal details | |
Born | John David Ashcroft May 9, 1942 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse |
Janet Ashcroft (m. 1967) |
Children | 3, including Jay |
Education | Yale University (BA) University of Chicago (JD) |
Signature | |
John David Ashcroft (born May 9, 1942) is an American lawyer,
Ashcroft graduated from Hillcrest High School in 1960 before receiving a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School. After unsuccessfully running for the U.S. House of Representatives, he was elected Missouri State Auditor in 1974. He then served two consecutive terms as Missouri Attorney General and as Missouri Governor (a historical first for a Republican candidate in the state). He is only Republican to serve two full consecutive terms as governor to date. He also served one term as a U.S. Senator from Missouri until losing a race for a second term in 2000. Ashcroft had early appointments in Missouri state government and was mentored by John Danforth. He has written several books about politics and ethics.
After
Early life and education
Ashcroft was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Grace P. (née Larsen) and James Robert Ashcroft. The family later lived in Willard, Missouri, where his father was a minister in an Assemblies of God congregation in nearby Springfield, served as president of Evangel University (1958–1974), and jointly as President of Central Bible College (1958–1963). His mother was a homemaker, whose parents had emigrated from Norway.[3] His paternal grandfather was an Irish immigrant.[4]
Ashcroft graduated from
After law school, Ashcroft briefly taught Business Law and worked as an administrator at
Missouri political career
State Auditor (1973–1975)
In 1972, Ashcroft ran for a
In 1974, Ashcroft was narrowly defeated for election to that post by Jackson County Executive George W. Lehr. Lehr had argued that Ashcroft, who is not an accountant, was not qualified to be the State Auditor.
Attorney General of Missouri (1976–1985)
In 1976, Danforth retired from the state attorney general post to run for the U.S. Senate, and Ashcroft ran replace him. He was unopposed in the Republican primary[9] and defeated Democrat James Baker in the general election.[10] He was scheduled to be sworn in on January 10, 1977, but Danforth resigned from his post early ahead of his swearing in to the U.S. Senate, so Ashcroft was appointed attorney general on December 27, 1976.[11] In 1980, Ashcroft was re-elected with 64.5 percent of the vote, winning 96 of Missouri's 114 counties.[12]
In 1983, Ashcroft wrote the leading amicus curiae brief in the U.S. Supreme Court Case Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., supporting the use of video cassette recorders for time shifting of television programs.[13]
Governor of Missouri (1985–1993)
Ashcroft was elected governor in 1984 and re-elected in 1988, becoming the first (and to date only) Republican in Missouri history elected to two consecutive terms.
In 1984, his opponent was the Democratic Lieutenant Governor Ken Rothman. The campaign was so negative on both sides that a reporter described the contest as "two alley cats [scrapping] over truth in advertising". In his campaign ads, Ashcroft showed the contrast between his rural-base and the supporters of his urban-based opponent from St. Louis. Democrats did not close ranks on primary night. The defeated candidate Mel Carnahan endorsed Rothman. In the end, Ashcroft won 57 percent of the vote and carried 106 counties—then the largest Republican gubernatorial victory in Missouri history.[12]
In 1988, Ashcroft won by a larger margin over his Democratic opponent,
During his second term, Ashcroft served as chairman of the National Governors Association (1991–92).
U.S. Senator from Missouri (1995–2001)
In 1994 Ashcroft was elected to the U.S. Senate from Missouri, again succeeding John Danforth, who retired from the position. Ashcroft won 59.8% of the vote against Democratic Congressman Alan Wheat. As Senator:
- He opposed the
- In 1999, as chair of the Senate's subcommittee on patents, he helped extend patents for several drugs, notably the allergy medication
- On March 30, 2000, with Senator Russ Feingold, Ashcroft convened the only Senate hearing on racial profiling. He said the practice was unconstitutional and that he supported legislation requiring police to keep statistics on their actions.[citation needed]
In 1998, Ashcroft briefly considered running for U.S. president, but, on January 5, 1999, he decided that he would seek re-election to his Senate seat in the 2000 election and not run for president.[17]
In the Republican primary, Ashcroft defeated Marc Perkel.[18] In the general election, Ashcroft faced a challenge from Governor Mel Carnahan.
In the midst of a tight race, Carnahan died in an airplane crash three weeks prior to the election. Ashcroft suspended all campaigning after the plane crash. Because of Missouri state election laws and the short time to election, Carnahan's name remained on the ballot. Lieutenant Governor Roger B. Wilson became governor upon Carnahan's death. Wilson said that should Carnahan be elected, he would appoint his widow, Jean Carnahan, to serve in her husband's place. Mrs. Carnahan stated that, in accordance with her late husband's goal, she would serve in the Senate if voters elected his name. Following these developments, Ashcroft resumed campaigning.[19]
Carnahan won the election 51% to 49%. No one had ever posthumously won election to the Senate, though voters had on at least three occasions chosen deceased candidates for the House of Representatives.[20] Ashcroft remains the only U.S. Senator defeated for re-election by a dead person.[21]
United States Attorney General
In December 2000, following his Senatorial defeat, Ashcroft was chosen for the position of U.S. attorney general by president-elect
In May 2001, the FBI revealed that they had misplaced thousands of documents related to the investigation of the Oklahoma City bombing. Ashcroft granted a 30-day stay of execution for Timothy McVeigh, the man sentenced to death for the bombing.
In July 2001, Ashcroft began flying exclusively by private jet. When questioned about this decision, the Justice Department explained that this course of action had been recommended based on a "threat assessment" made by the FBI. Neither the Bureau, nor the Justice Department would identify the specific nature of the threat, who made it, or when it happened. The CIA were unaware of any specific threats against Cabinet members. At the time, Ashcroft was the only Cabinet appointee who traveled on a private jet, excluding the special cases of Interior and Energy who have responsibilities which require chartered jets.[23]
After the
In January 2002, the partially nude female statue of the Spirit of Justice in the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, where Ashcroft held press conferences, was covered with blue curtains.[27] Department officials long insisted that the curtains were put up to improve the room's use as a television backdrop and that Ashcroft had nothing to do with it.[28] Ashcroft's successor, Alberto Gonzales, removed the curtains in June 2005.[29][30] Ashcroft also held daily prayer meetings.[27]
In July 2002, Ashcroft proposed the creation of
Ashcroft proposed a draft of the Domestic Security Enhancement Act of 2003, legislation to expand the powers of the U.S. government to fight crime and terrorism, while simultaneously eliminating or curtailing judicial review of these powers for incidents related to domestic terrorism.[34] The bill was leaked and posted to the Internet on February 7, 2003.
On May 26, 2004, Ashcroft held a news conference at which he said that intelligence from multiple sources indicated that the terrorist organization,
Groups supporting individual gun ownership praised Ashcroft's support through DOJ for the Second Amendment. He said specifically, "the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to keep and bear arms," expressing the position that the Second Amendment protects an individual right, unrelated to militia service.[37]
In March 2004, the Justice Department under Ashcroft ruled President Bush's domestic intelligence program illegal.
Following accounts of the
Ashcroft pushed his U.S. attorneys to pursue voter fraud cases. However, the U.S. attorneys struggled to find any deliberate voter fraud schemes, only finding individuals who made mistakes on forms or misunderstood whether they were eligible to vote.[43]
Following George W. Bush's re-election, Ashcroft resigned,[44] which took effect on February 3, 2005, after the Senate confirmed White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales as the next attorney general.[45] Ashcroft said in his hand-written resignation letter, dated November 2, "The objective of securing the safety of Americans from crime and terror has been achieved."[46]
Consultant and lobbyist
In May 2005, Ashcroft laid the groundwork for a strategic consulting firm, The Ashcroft Group, LLC.[47] He started operation in the fall of 2005 and as of March 2006 had twenty-one clients, turning down two for every one accepted.[48] In 2005 year-end filings, Ashcroft's firm reported collecting $269,000, including $220,000 from Oracle Corporation, which won Department of Justice approval of a multibillion-dollar acquisition less than a month after hiring Ashcroft. The year-end filing represented, in some cases, only initial payments.[citation needed]
According to government filings, Oracle is one of five Ashcroft Group clients that seek help in selling data or software with security applications. Another client,
In March 2006, Ashcroft positioned himself as an "anti-Abramoff". In an hour-long interview, Ashcroft used the word integrity scores of times.[48] In May 2006, based on conversations with members of Congress, key aides and lobbyists, The Hill magazine listed Ashcroft as one of the top 50 "hired guns" (lobbyists) that K Street had to offer.[50]
By August 2006, Ashcroft's firm reportedly had 30 clients, many of which made products or technology aimed at homeland security. About a third of its client list were not disclosed on grounds of confidentiality. The firm also had equity stakes in eight client companies. It reportedly received $1.4 million in lobbying fees in the six months preceding August 2006, a small fraction of its total earnings.[51]
After the proposed merger of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. and XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Ashcroft offered the firm his consulting services, according to a spokesman for XM.[52] The spokesman said XM declined Ashcroft's offer. Ashcroft was subsequently hired by the National Association of Broadcasters, which is strongly opposed to the merger.
In 2011, Ashcroft became an “independent director” on the board of Xe Services (now
The firm also has a law firm under its umbrella, called the Ashcroft Law Firm.[60] In December 2014, the law firm was hired by convicted Russian arms trafficker Viktor Bout to overturn his 2011 conviction.[61]
In June 2017, Ashcroft was hired by the government of
In June 2018, Ashcroft was reportedly hired by
Political issues
In 2009 in
The panels court described the government's assertions under the
Abdullah Al-Kidd was held in a maximum security prison for 16 days, and in supervised release for 13 months. Al-Kidd was born Lavoni T. Kidd in 1973 in Wichita, Kansas.[67] When he converted to Islam as a student at the University of Idaho, where he was a prominent football player, he changed his name. He asserts that Ashcroft violated his civil liberties as an American citizen, as he was treated like a terrorist and not allowed to consult an attorney. Al-Kidd's lawyers say Ashcroft, as US attorney general, encouraged authorities after 9/11 to arrest potential suspects as material witnesses when they lacked probable cause to believe the suspects had committed a crime.[70]
The US Supreme Court agreed on October 18, 2010, to hear the case. On May 31, 2011, the US Supreme Court unanimously overturned the lower court's decision, saying that al-Kidd could not personally sue Ashcroft, as he was protected by limited immunity as a government official.[71][72] A majority of the justices held that al-Kidd could not have won his case on the merits, because Ashcroft did not violate his Fourth Amendment rights.[73]
Ashcroft has been a proponent of the
Tommy Chong, a counterculture icon, was one of those charged, for his part in financing and promoting Chong Glass/Nice Dreams, a company started by his son Paris. Of the 55 individuals charged as a result of the operations, only Chong was given a prison sentence after conviction (nine months in a federal prison, plus forfeiting $103,000 and a year of probation). The other 54 individuals were given fines and home detentions. While the DOJ denied that Chong was treated any differently from the other defendants, critics thought the government was trying to make an example of him. Chong's experience as a target of Ashcroft's sting operation is the subject of Josh Gilbert's feature-length documentary a/k/a Tommy Chong, which premiered at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival. In a pre-sentencing brief, the Department of Justice specifically cited Chong's entertainment career as a consideration against leniency.[77]
When
Since his service in government, Ashcroft has continued to oppose proposals for
I certainly believe that people who are in pain should be helped and assisted in every way possible, that the drugs should be used to mitigate their pain but I believe the law of the United States of America which requires that drugs not be used except for legitimate health purposes.[79]
In 2015, Human Rights Watch called for the investigation of Ashcroft "for conspiracy to torture as well as other crimes."[80]
Personal life
Ashcroft is a member of the
Ashcroft had long enjoyed inspirational music and singing. In the 1970s, he recorded a gospel record entitled Truth: Volume One, Edition One, with Democratic Missouri legislator Max Bacon.[83]
With fellow U.S. senators Trent Lott, Larry Craig, and Jim Jeffords, Ashcroft formed a barbershop quartet called The Singing Senators. The men performed at social events with other senators. Ashcroft performed the Star Spangled Banner before the National Hockey League all-star game in St. Louis in 1988.[citation needed]
Ashcroft composed a
Ashcroft was given an honorary doctorate before delivering the commencement address at Toccoa Falls College in 2018.[85]
Ashcroft is a teetotaler.[86]
Books
- Co-author with Jane E. Ashcroft, College Law for Business, textbook (10th edition, 1987)
- On My Honor: The Beliefs that Shape My Life (1998)
- Lessons from a Father to His Son (2002)[27]
- Never Again: Securing America and Restoring Justice (2006)[87]
Representation in other media
- His song, "Let the Eagle Soar", was satirically featured in Michael Moore's 2004 movie Fahrenheit 9/11 and has been frequently mocked by comedians such as David Letterman, Stephen Colbert and David Cross, to name a few.
- The song was performed at Bush's 2005 inauguration by Guy Hovis, a former cast member of The Lawrence Welk Show.
- "Let the Eagle Soar" is heard in the background in the 2015 film The Big Short, as an ironic juxtaposition of schmaltzy music and new-age capitalist sensibility when a phone call is placed to pastoral Boulder, Colorado, where anti-authoritarian ex-banking trader Ben Rickert (played by Brad Pitt) lives.
- The song "Caped Crusader" off of 9/11 hijacker Mohamed Attain a satirical attack on religious fundamentalism.
References
- ^ Wayne, Leslie (March 17, 2006). "Same Washington, Different Office". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
- ^ "Jay Ashcroft is running for Missouri governor, setting up competitive GOP primary". KCUR - Kansas City news and NPR. April 6, 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
- ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams. "Ancestry of John Ashcroft". Wargs.com. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ Toobin, Jeffrey. "Ashcroft's Ascent". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
- ^ "Springfield Public Schools Hall of Fame has Three Inductees". October 29, 2010.
- ^ "Ashcroft, John David – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ Robbins, Tom (August 17, 2004). "The Sunshine Patriots". The Village Voice. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
- ^ Herbert, Bob (August 27, 2004). "Where Is The Shame?". The New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
- ^ Missouri Attorney General Race Gets Little Attention, Lacks Controversy. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. August 1, 1976.
- ^ Ashcroft points to ballot place. The Daily Capital News. November 4, 1976.
- ^ Changing of the guard begins with Ashcroft. The Daily Capital News. December 28, 1976.
- ^ ISBN 0-8223-0858-4.
- ^ Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (U.S. 1984).
- ISBN 0-313-28312-5.
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- ^ Shapiro, Bruce (January 16, 2001). "Can John Ashcroft be stopped?". Salon.com. Archived from the original on May 23, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ "Ashcroft decides not to jump into 2000 race". Cnn.com. January 5, 1999. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ "Ashcroft, Carnahan take sizable leads". The Kansas City Star. August 9, 2000. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019 – via NewsBank.
With more than 60 percent of the precincts reporting, Ashcroft, a Republican, had captured 90 percent of the vote, to 10 percent for Marc Perkel of Springfield. Carnahan, a Democrat, had 79 percent of the vote to 21 percent for Ronald Wagganer of St. Louis.
- ^ Lewis, Neil A. (October 31, 2000). "In Missouri, Campaign Flourishes After the Death of the Candidate". The New York Times. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
- ^ "Republican senator loses to dead rival in Missouri". CNN.com. August 30, 2000. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ Bump, Philip (October 1, 2014). "Five people have won election to Congress, despite being dead". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
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- ^ "Ashcroft Flying High - CBS News". CBS News. July 26, 2001.
- ^ Ashcroft, John & DOJ Staff (September 15, 2003). "Prepared Remarks of Attorney General John Ashcroft: The Proven Tactics in the Fight against Crime". Washington, D.C.: Justice.gov. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ Ashcroft, John & DOJ Staff (September 18, 2003). "Remarks of Attorney General John Ashcroft: Protecting Life and Liberty". Memphis, TN: Justice.gov. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ Myers, Lisa (June 22, 2005). "Did Ashcroft brush off terror warnings?". NBC News. Retrieved October 3, 2014.
- ^ a b c Borger, Julian (March 4, 2002). "Staff cry poetic injustice as singing Ashcroft introduces patriot games". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ "Curtains for semi-nude justice statue". BBC News. January 29, 2002. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ Sherman, Mark (June 25, 2005). "'Spirit of Justice' statue exposed in all her glory". Associated Press.
- ^ USA Today Staff (June 24, 2005). "Drapes removed from Justice Department statue". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
- ^ Editorial Board (August 4, 2007). "Ashcroft vs. Americans". Common Dreams. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
- Doherty, Brian (July 16, 2002). "An American Stasi". Reason. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
- ISBN 1-4039-6138-7. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
- ISBN 0-7618-3058-8.
- ^ Arena, Kelli; Bohn, Kevin; Frieden, Terry; Meserve, Jeanne; Starr, Barbara (May 26, 2004). "Ashcroft: Al Qaeda intends to attack U.S." CNN. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
- ^ Mintz, John; Allen, Mike (June 27, 2004). "Homeland Security, a Politicized Issue: To Suspicious Candidates, the Threat of Attack Is No Longer Above the Fray". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
- ^ "Letter to National Rifle Association, May 17, 2001" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 13, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008.
- ^ ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
- ^ Moyers, Bill & Goldsmith, Jack (September 7, 2007). "Bill Moyers talks with Jack Goldsmith" (transcript). Bill Moyers Journal.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Auchenbach, Joel (May 16, 2007). "Waterboarding Ashcroft". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2007.
- ^ Savage, Charlie (December 9, 2014). "Reaction to C.I.A. Torture Report—1:58 P.M. The One-Paragraph Torture Memo". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
After senior administration officials gave permission to the C.I.A. to use all previously approved 'enhanced' interrogation techniques except waterboarding, Mr. Ashcroft sent a one-paragraph memo to the agency stating that it would be lawful to use those techniques on Mr. Gul. This memo, the report said, simply stated that conclusion and contained no legal analysis to support its claim.
- ^ Shapiro, Ari (July 17, 2008). "Ashcroft Defends Actions On Torture Memos". NPR. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ King, John (November 9, 2004). "Ashcroft, Evans resign from Cabinet". CNN. Archived from the original on October 27, 2008.
- ^ Lewis, Libby (February 3, 2005). "Senate Confirms Gonzales as Attorney General". NPR. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ Ashcroft, John (November 9, 2004). "Ashcroft Resignation Letter". NBC News. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ Michael Sullivan. "The Ashcroft Group, LLC website". Ashcroftgroupllc.com. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ a b Wayne, Leslie (March 17, 2006). "Same Washington, Different Office; John Ashcroft Sets Up Shop As Well-Connected Lobbyist". The New York Times. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
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- ^ "The sharpest shooters on K Street". The Hill. May 3, 2006. Archived from the original on October 30, 2006. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
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- ^ a b Barnes, Robert (October 18, 2012). "Supreme Court to decide whether Ashcroft can be sued by detained citizen". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
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- ^ Epstein, Jennifer (May 31, 2011). "Supreme Court: Abdullah al-Kidd can't sue John Ashcroft over 9/11 arrest". Politico. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
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External links
- United States Congress. "John Ashcroft (id: A000356)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- CNN video of John Ashcroft singing "Let the Eagle Soar"
- Excerpts from an album Ashcroft recorded in the 1970s
- Ashcroft's Senate voting record
- Transcript of James Comey's testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee, May 15, 2007
- Appearances on C-SPAN