John F. Kennedy International Airport
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John F. Kennedy International Airport[a] (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) is a major international airport serving New York City, New York. The airport is the busiest of the seven airports in the New York airport system, the 6th-busiest airport in the United States, and the busiest international air passenger gateway into North America.[5] The facility covers 5,200 acres (2,104 ha) and is the largest and busiest airport in the New York City area.[6]
Over 90 airlines operate from the airport, with nonstop or direct flights to destinations in all six inhabited continents.[7][8]
JFK is located in the
JFK is also a former hub for
The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport[11][12][13] and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport.[14]
Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as a tribute to the 35th President of the United States.[15][16][17]
History
Construction
John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport (
About US$60 million was initially spent with governmental funding, but only 1,000 acres (400 ha) of the Idlewild Golf Course site were earmarked for use.[22] The project was renamed Major General Alexander E. Anderson Airport in 1943 after a Queens resident who had commanded a Federalized National Guard unit in the southern United States and died in late 1942. The renaming was vetoed by Mayor La Guardia and reinstated by the New York City Council; in common usage, the airport was still called "Idlewild".[23] In 1944, the New York City Board of Estimate authorized the condemnation of another 1,350 acres (550 ha) for Idlewild.[24] The Port of New York Authority (now the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey) leased the Idlewild property from the City of New York in 1947[18]: 3 and maintains this lease today.[1] In March 1948, the City Council changed the official name to New York International Airport, Anderson Field, but the common name remained "Idlewild" until December 24, 1963.[16][25] The airport was intended as the world's largest and most efficient, with "no confusion and no congestion".[18]: 3 [26]
Early operations
The first flight from Idlewild was on July 1, 1948, with the opening ceremony attended by
Idlewild opened with six runways and a seventh under construction;[33] runways 1L and 7L were held in reserve and never came into use as runways. Runway 31R (originally 8,000 ft or 2,438 m) is still in use; runway 31L (originally 9,500 ft or 2,896 m) opened soon after the rest of the airport and is still in use; runway 1R closed in 1957 and runway 7R closed around 1966. Runway 4 (originally 8,000 ft, now runway 4L) opened June 1949 and runway 4R was added ten years later. A smaller runway 14/32 was built after runway 7R closed and was used until 1990[34] by general aviation, STOL, and smaller commuter flights.
The
In 1951, the airport averaged 73 daily airline operations (takeoffs plus landings); the October 1951 Airline Guide shows nine domestic departures a day on National and Northwest. Much of
Separate terminals
By 1954, Idlewild had the highest volume of international air traffic of any airport globally.[18]: 3 [37] The Port of New York Authority originally planned a single 55-gate terminal, but the major airlines did not agree with this plan, arguing that the terminal would be far too small for future traffic.[38] Architect Wallace Harrison then designed a plan for each major airline at the airport to be given its own space to develop its own terminal.[39] This scheme made construction more practical, made terminals more navigable, and introduced incentives for airlines to compete with each other for the best design.[38] The revised plan met airline approval in 1955, with seven terminals initially planned. Five terminals were for individual airlines, one was for three airlines, and one was for international arrivals (National Airlines and British Airways arrived later).[25] In addition, there would be an 11-story control tower, roadways, parking lots, taxiways, and a reflecting lagoon in the center.[18]: 3 The airport was designed for aircraft up to 300,000-pound (140,000 kg) gross weight[40] The airport had to be modified in the late 1960s to accommodate the Boeing 747's weight.[41]
The International Arrivals Building, or IAB, was the first new terminal at the airport, opening in December 1957. The building was expanded in 1970 to accommodate jetways. However, by the 1990s the overcrowded building was showing its age and it did not provide adequate space for security checkpoints. It was demolished in 2000 and replaced with Terminal 4.
United Airlines and Delta Air Lines[43] opened Terminal 7 (later renumbered Terminal 9), a SOM design similar to the IAB,[18]: 3–4 in October 1959.[44] It was demolished in 2008.
Eastern Air Lines opened their Chester L. Churchill-designed Terminal 1[18]: 4 in November 1959.[45] The terminal was demolished in 1995 and replaced with the current Terminal 1.[25][46]
Trans World Airlines opened the TWA Flight Center in 1962, designed by Eero Saarinen with a distinctive winged-bird shape.[52][53] With the demise of TWA in 2001, the terminal remained vacant until 2005 when JetBlue and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) financed the construction of a new 26-gate terminal partly encircling the Saarinen building. Called Terminal 5 (Now T5), the new terminal opened October 22, 2008. T5 is connected to the Saarinen central building through the original passenger departure-arrival tubes that connected the building to the outlying gates. The original Saarinen terminal, also known as the head house, has since been converted into the TWA Hotel.[54]
Later operation
The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 24, 1963, a month and two days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy;[59] Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. proposed the renaming.[60] The IDL and KIDL codes have since been reassigned to Indianola Municipal Airport in Mississippi, and the now-renamed Kennedy Airport was given the codes JFK and KJFK, the fallen president's initials.[61]
Airlines began scheduling jets to Idlewild in 1958–59; LaGuardia did not get jets until 1964, and JFK became
Construction of the
The airport's new Terminal 1 opened on May 28, 1998; Terminal 4, the $1.4 billion replacement for the International Arrivals Building, opened on May 24, 2001.[70][71] JetBlue's Terminal 5 incorporates the TWA Flight Center, and Terminals 8 and 9 were demolished and rebuilt as Terminal 8 for the American Airlines hub. The Port Authority Board of Commissioners approved a $20 million planning study for the redevelopment of Terminals 2 and 3, the Delta Air Lines hub, in 2008.[72]
On March 19, 2007, JFK was the first airport in the United States to receive a passenger
The airport currently hosts the world's
Major robberies
The
Air France was contracted to transport American currency that had been exchanged in Southeast Asia for deposit in the United States. Their aircraft regularly delivered three or four $60,000 packages at a time. Hill and associates obtained a key to a cement-block
The
James Burke, an associate of the Lucchese crime family of New York, was believed to be the mastermind behind the robbery, but was never charged with the crime. Burke is also alleged to have either committed or ordered the murders of many in the robbery, both to avoid being implicated in the heist and to keep their shares of the money for himself.[82] The only person convicted in the Lufthansa heist was Louis Werner, an airport worker involved with the planning.[82]
The money and jewelry have never been recovered. The heist's magnitude made it one of the longest-investigated crimes in U.S. history; the latest arrest associated with the robbery was made in 2014, which resulted in acquittal.
Access
Rail
All lines of
Bus
As of 2022[update], only the
Vehicle
Vehicles primarily access the airport via the
Taxis and other
Terminals
Overview
JFK has five active terminals, containing 130 gates in total. The terminals are numbered 1–8 but skipping terminals 2 (demolished in 2023), 3 (demolished in 2013) and 6 (demolished in 2011).
The terminal buildings, except for the former
Until the early 1990s, each terminal was known by the primary airline that served it, except for Terminal 4, which was known as the International Arrivals Building. In the early 1990s, all terminals were given numbers except for the Tower Air terminal, which sat outside the Central Terminals area and was not numbered. Like the other airports controlled by the Port Authority, JFK's terminals are sometimes managed and maintained by independent terminal operators. At JFK, all terminals are managed by airlines or consortiums of the airlines serving them, except for the Schiphol Group-operated Terminal 4. All terminals can handle international arrivals that are not pre-cleared.
Most inter-terminal connections require passengers to exit security, then walk, use a shuttle bus, or use the AirTrain JFK to get to the other terminal, then re-clear security.
Terminal 1
Terminal 1 opened in 1998, 50 years after the opening of JFK, at the direction of the Terminal One Group, a consortium of four key operating carriers: Air France, Japan Airlines, Korean Air, and Lufthansa.[89] This partnership was founded after the four airlines reached an agreement that the then-existing international carrier facilities were inadequate for their needs. The Eastern Air Lines terminal was located on the site of present-day Terminal 1.[90]
Terminal 1 is served by
Terminal 1 was designed by William Nicholas Bodouva + Associates.
Terminal 4
Terminal 4, developed by LCOR, Inc., is managed by JFKIAT (IAT) LLC, a subsidiary of the Schiphol Group and was the first in the United States to be managed by a foreign airport operator. Terminal 4 currently contains 48 gates in two concourses and functions as the hub for Delta Air Lines at JFK.
- Concourse A (gates A2–A12, A14–A17, A19, and A21) serves primarily Asian and some European airlines along with Delta Connection flights.
- Concourse B (gates B20, B22-B55) primarily serves both domestic & international flights of Delta and its SkyTeam partners.
Airlines servicing Terminal 4 include
Opened in early 2001 and designed by
Terminal 4 has seen multiple expansions over the years. On May 24, 2013, the completion of a $1.4 billion project added mechanized checked-bag screening, a centralized security checkpoint (consolidating two checkpoints into one new fourth-floor location), nine international gates, improved U.S. Customs and Border Protection facilities, and, at the time, the largest Sky Club lounge in Delta's network.[97][98][99][100] Later that year, the expansion also improved passenger connectivity with Terminal 2 by bolstering inter-terminal JFK Jitney shuttle bus service and building a dedicated 8,000 square-foot bus holdroom facility adjacent to gate B20.[101] Also in 2013, Delta, JFKIAT and the Port Authority agreed[102] to a further $175 million Phase II expansion, which called for 11 new regional jet gates to supersede capacity previously provided by the soon-to-be-demolished Terminal 2 hardstands and Terminal 3. Delta sought funding from the New York City Industrial Development Agency,[102] and work on Phase II was completed in January 2015.
By 2017, plans to expand Terminal 4's passenger capacity were being floated in conjunction with a more significant JFK modernization proposal. In early 2020, Governor Cuomo announced that the Port Authority and Delta/IAT had agreed to terms extending Concourse A by 16 domestic gates, renovating the arrival/departure halls, and improving land-side roadways for $3.8 billion.[103] By April 2021, that plan had been scaled-back to $1.5 billion worth of improvements as a result of financial hardships imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The revised plan called for arrival/departure hall modernization and just ten new gates in Concourse A. Consolidation of Delta's operations within T4 occurred in early 2023, along with the new gates opening.[104][105] Delta will also open a new Sky Club in Concourse A along with an exclusive club to Delta One customers, the airline's largest Sky Club, by early 2024. Delta's Concourse B expansion is expected to be completed by fall 2023.[105]
In 2019,
Terminal 5
Terminal 5 opened in 2008 for JetBlue, the manager and primary tenant of the building, as the base of its large JFK operating base. The terminal is also used by Cape Air.[91] On November 12, 2014, JetBlue opened the International Arrivals Concourse (T5i) at the terminal.[107]
The terminal was redesigned by Gensler and constructed by Turner Construction, and sits behind the preserved Eero Saarinen-designed terminal originally known as the TWA Flight Center, which is now connected to the new structure and is considered part of Terminal 5.[108][109][110] The TWA Flight Center reopened as the TWA Hotel in May 2019. The active Terminal 5 building has 29 gates: 1 through 12 and 14 through 30, with gates 25 through 30 handling international flights that are not pre-cleared (gates 28–30 opened in November 2014).[111]
The terminal has a TSA pre-checkpoint for expedited security checks and is open from 3 am to 11 pm.[112]
Airspace Lounge opened an airport lounge near Gate 24 in July 2013,[113] and Aer Lingus opened an airport lounge in 2015.[114] The terminal opened a rooftop lounge open to all passengers in 2015, T5 Rooftop & Wooftop Lounge, located near Gate 28.[115][116] In August 2016, Fraport USA was selected by JetBlue as the concessions developer to help attract and manage concessions tenants that align with JetBlue's vision for Terminal 5.[117] During the summer of 2016, JetBlue renovated Terminal 5, completely overhauling the check-in lobby.[118] in 2018, the terminal's Airspace Lounge closed.
Terminal 7
Terminal 7 was designed by GMW Architects[119] and built for British Overseas Airways Corporation and Air Canada in 1970. Formerly, the terminal was operated by British Airways, and was also the only airport terminal operated on US soil by a foreign carrier. British Airways operated Concorde here until 2003. Terminal 7 is now operated by a consortium of foreign carriers serving the building.
Airlines operating out of Terminal 7 include Oneworld carrier Alaska Airlines; Star Alliance carriers Air Canada Express, All Nippon Airways, Ethiopian Airlines and LOT Polish Airlines; SkyTeam carrier Aerolíneas Argentinas; and non-alliance carriers Aer Lingus, Condor, Icelandair, Kuwait Airways, Norse Atlantic Airways, and Sun Country Airlines.[91]
Between 1989 and 1991, the terminal was renovated and expanded for $120 million.[120] The expansion was designed by William Nicholas Bodouva + Associates, Architects.[92] In 1997, the Port Authority approved British Airways' plans to renovate and expand the terminal. The $250 million project[121] was designed by Corgan Associates[122] and was completed in 2003.[123] The renovated terminal has 12 gates.[121]
In 2015, British Airways extended its lease on the terminal through 2022, with an option of a further three years.
In late 2020
Terminal 8
Terminal 8 is a major Oneworld hub with American operating its hub here. In 1999, American Airlines began an eight-year program to build the largest passenger terminal at JFK, designed by DMJM Aviation to replace both Terminal 8 and Terminal 9. The new terminal was built in four phases, which involved the construction of a new midfield concourse and the demolition of old Terminals 8 and 9. It was built in stages between 2005 and its official opening in August 2007.[129] American Airlines, the third-largest carrier at JFK, manages Terminal 8 and is the largest carrier at the terminal. Other Oneworld airlines that operate out of Terminal 8 include British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Finnair, Iberia, Japan Airlines, Qantas, Qatar Airways, and Royal Jordanian. Non-alliance carrier China Southern Airlines also uses the terminal.[91]
In 2019, it was announced that British Airways and Iberia would move into Terminal 8 preceding the demolition of Terminal 7 and that the terminal would be expanded and changed to accommodate more widebody aircraft that British Airways, Iberia and other Oneworld airlines regularly send to JFK. On January 7, 2020, construction began expanding and improving Terminal 8 with construction completing in 2022. This construction marked the first phase in the airport's expansion; the terminal having the same number of gates as before, plus four hardstands.[130] British Airways began operating some flights out of Terminal 8 on November 17, 2022, while all flights moved from Terminal 7 on December 1, 2022.[131][126][132] Iberia also moved to Terminal 8 on December 1, while Japan Airlines moved to the terminal on May 28, 2023.[133]
The terminal is twice the size of
Terminal 8 has 31 gates: 14 gates in Concourse B (1–8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20) and 17 gates in Concourse C (31–47).[136] Passenger access to and from Concourse C is by a tunnel that includes moving walkways.
Reconstruction
On January 4, 2017, the office of then-New York governor
New Terminal 1
In October 2018, Cuomo released details of a $13 billion plan to rebuild passenger facilities and approaches to JFK Airport. Two all-new international terminals would be built. One of the terminals, a $7 billion, 2.8-million-square-foot (260-thousand-square-metre), 23-gate structure replacing Terminals 1, 2 and the vacant space of Terminal 3. It will connect to Terminal 4, and it would be financed and built by a partnership between Munich Airport Group, Lufthansa, Air France, Korean Air, and Japan Airlines. Of these 23 gates, all are international gates, 22 are widebody gates (4 can accommodate an Airbus A380), and 1 is a narrowbody gate. This would also require reconfiguring new roads to accommodate the new terminal.[142][143]
On December 13, 2021, New York Governor Kathy Hochul gave a further update on the plans to build a new Terminal 1, which in a further developed form would cost US$9.5 billion. The new facility is inspired by the new Terminal B at LaGuardia Airport. The new terminal will have New York City-inspired art, similar to Terminal B at LGA. Once Terminal 2 is demolished and Delta's regional flights are transferred to an expanded Terminal 4, the New Terminal 1 will begin construction and will then open in phases with the first 14 gates on its east side along with the departures and arrivals hall scheduled to open in 2026 on the site of the demolished Terminal 2. The current Terminal 1 will then be demolished, and in its place, the next five gates on the west side of the terminal will open in 2028, and the final four gates will open in 2030. An additional extension of the terminal on its west side with a further four gates (with an extra A380 gate) has been proposed in the event of excess traffic. The project broke ground on September 8, 2022.[144]
Expanded Terminal 4
On February 11, 2020, Cuomo and the Port Authority, along with Delta Air Lines, announced a $3.8 billion plan to add sixteen domestic, regional gates to the 'A' side of Terminal 4, replacing Terminal 2. The main headhouse will be expanded to accommodate additional passengers and open in 2022. The sixteen new gates will open in 2023, allowing the demolition of Terminal 2, the consolidation of flights for Delta, and the ability to build the new Terminal 1. An expanded roadway will be completed in 2025. This would bring the total gates of this terminal from 38 to 54.[145][146] Delta consolidated their operations into Terminal 4 in January 2023, along with opening 13 new gates in Terminal 4's Concourse A. An additional expansion to Concourse B is expected to be completed by Fall 2023.[105]
New Terminal 6
Construction on a new Terminal 6 began in February 2023.[147][148] The terminal was designed by Corgan and will have ten gates, nine of which will be wide-body gates.[149] The terminal will be opened in multiple phases; the first phase is expected to be completed by 2026 and, as of November 2022[update], is projected to cost $4.2 billion.[150] The full terminal is expected to open in 2028.[150] The new terminal will connect to Terminal 5; Terminal 7 will be demolished after the new Terminal 6's first phase of construction is completed. The construction will be built under a public–private partnership between the Port Authority and a consortium, known as JFK Millennium Partners, comprising JetBlue, RXR Realty, and Vantage Airport Group. Notably, previous plans included adding cars to AirTrain trainsets; widening connector ramps between the Van Wyck Expressway and Grand Central Parkway in Kew Gardens; and adding another lane in each direction to the Van Wyck, at a combined cost of $1.5 billion.[142][151] It is unclear how many, if any, of those proposals are still being considered.
Former terminals
JFK Airport was originally built with ten terminals, compared to the five it has today. Ten terminals remained until the late 1990s, then nine remained until the early 2000s, followed by eight until 2011, seven until 2013 and six until 2023.
Terminal 1 (1959–1995)
The original Terminal 1 opened in November 1959, for Eastern Air Lines. It was designed by Chester L. Churchill. Eastern was the primary tenant of this terminal until its collapse on January 19, 1991. Shortly after Eastern's collapse, the terminal became vacant until it was finally demolished in 1995.[152] It was located on the site of today's Terminal 1, which opened in 1998.
Terminal 2 (1962–2023)
Terminal 2 opened in November 1962 as the home of
Delta moved over to Terminal 2 following the merger with Northeast Airlines swapping places with Braniff, Pan Am moved its domestic flights to this terminal in 1986. Upon the completion of Terminal 4, T2's gates were prefaced with the letter 'C', and airside shuttle buses provided passenger connectivity between the terminals. Before 2013, Terminal 2 hosted most of Delta's operations in conjunction with Terminal 3. Still, the 2013–2015 expansion of Terminal 4 allowed the airline to consolidate most of its operations in the new larger facility, including international and transcontinental flights.[153] In mid-2020, following drastic schedule reductions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Delta suspended all operations from Terminal 2; the terminal re-opened to flights in July 2021.[154] Terminal 2 permanently closed for departures on January 10, 2023, and for arrivals on January 15, 2023. Terminal 2 was demolished to make room for the new Terminal 1.[104][155]
Terminal 3 (1960–2013)
Terminal 3 opened as the Worldport on May 24, 1960, for
A $1.2 billion project was completed in 2013, under which Terminal 4 was expanded, and Delta subsequently moved its T3 operations to T4.
On May 23, 2013, the final departure from the terminal, Delta Air Lines Flight 268, a Boeing 747-400 to Tel Aviv Ben Gurion Airport, departed from Gate 6 at 23:25 local time.[156] The terminal ceased operations on May 24, 2013,[156] exactly fifty-three years after its opening.[157] Demolition began soon after that and was completed by Summer 2014. The site where Terminal 3 used to stand is now used for aircraft parking by Delta Air Lines.
There has been a major media outcry, particularly in other countries, over the demolition of the Worldport. Several online petitions requesting the restoration of the original 'flying saucer' gained popularity.[158][159][160][161]
International Arrivals Building
The International Arrivals Building (IAB) was opened in December 1957 and was replaced with the new Terminal 4 in 2001. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.[90]
TWA Flight Center
The TWA Flight Center was opened in 1962 and closed in 2001 after its primary tenant, Trans World Airlines, went out of business; the terminal had seen increased capacity issues in the years prior.[162] It was designed by renowned architect Eero Saarinen, with extensions designed by Roche-Dinkeloo opening in 1970.[90][163]
The TWA Flight Center was not demolished after closure,
Terminal 6 (1969–2011)
Terminal 6 opened as the Sundrome on November 30, 1969, for
In 2000, JetBlue began service from Terminal 6, later opening a temporary complex in 2006 that increased its capacity by adding seven gates. Until 2008, JetBlue was the tenant of Terminal 6. It became vacant on October 22, 2008, when JetBlue moved to Terminal 5 and was finally demolished in 2011.[168] The international arrivals annex of Terminal 5 now uses a portion of the site, and the rest of the site is used for aircraft parking by JetBlue, but will be occupied by the new Terminal 6, an annex to Terminal 5, planned to be fully opened by 2027.[127]
Terminal 8 (1960–2008)
The original Terminal 8 opened in February 1960; its stained-glass façade was the largest at the time. It was always used by American Airlines, and, in later years, it was used by other Oneworld airlines that did not use Terminal 7. This terminal, along with Terminal 9, was demolished in 2008 and replaced with the current Terminal 8.
Terminal 9 (1959–2008)
Terminal 9 opened in October 1959 as the home of United Airlines[25] and Delta Air Lines.[43] Delta moved to Terminal 2 in 1972 when it fully acquired Northeast Airlines.[169] Braniff International Airways moved from Terminal 2 to Terminal 9 in 1972 after swapping terminals with Delta. It operated out of Terminal 9 until its collapse on May 12, 1982.[170] United used Terminal 9 from its opening in 1959 until it vacated the terminal in 1991 and became a tenant at British Airways' Terminal 7. Northwest Airlines used Terminal 9 from 1986 to 1991.[171][172] Terminal 9 became the home of American Airlines' domestic operations and American Eagle flights for the remainder of its life. This terminal, along with the original Terminal 8, was demolished in 2008 and replaced with the current Terminal 8.[129]
Tower Air terminal
The
Runways and taxiways
The airport covers 5,200 acres or 21 square kilometers (8.1 sq mi).[6][173] Over 25 miles (40 km) of paved taxiways allow aircraft to move around the airfield.[citation needed] The standard width of these taxiways is 75 feet (23 m), with 25 feet (7.6 m) heavy-duty shoulders and 25-foot (7.6 m) erosion control pavement on each side. The taxiways are generally of asphalt concrete composition 15 to 18 inches (380 to 460 mm) thick. Painted markings, lighted signage, and embedded pavement lighting, including runway status lights, provide both position and directional information for taxiing aircraft. There are four runways (two pairs of parallel runways) surrounding the airport's central terminal area.[2]
Number | Length | Width | ILS |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
13R/31L | 14,511 feet (4,423 m) | 200 feet (61 m) | Cat. I (31L) | Third-longest commercial runway in North America (the longest is a 16,000-foot (4,900 m) runway at Denver International Airport, and the second longest is a 14,512-foot (4,423 m) runway at Las Vegas Harry Reid International Airport). Adjacent to Terminals 1, 2, and 3. Handled approximately one-half of the airport's scheduled departures. It was a backup runway for Space Shuttle missions.[174] It was closed on March 1, 2010, for four months. The reconstruction of the runway widened it from 150 to 200 feet (46 to 61 m) with a concrete base instead of asphalt. It reopened on June 29, 2010.[175] |
13L/31R | 10,000 feet (3,048 m) | 200 feet (61 m) | Cat. II (13L); Cat. I (31R) | Adjacent to Terminals 5 and 7. Equipped at both ends with ILS and ALS systems. Runway 13L has two additional visual aids for landing aircraft, a Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) and a Lead-In Lighting System (LDIN); the LDIN is colloquially known as the Canarsie approach for the CRI VOR beacon, which marks its beginning. The ILS on 13L, along with TDZ lighting, allows landings down to half a mile's visibility. Takeoffs can be made with a visibility of one-eighth of a mile. It closed on April 1, 2019, for almost eight months as part of a significant runway modernization project that replaced the asphalt base with a concrete floor and widened the runway from 150 to 200 feet (46 to 61 m). It reopened on November 16, 2019.[176][177]
|
4R/22L | 8,400 feet (2,560 m) | 200 feet (61 m) | Cat. III (both directions) | Equipped at both ends with Engineered Materials Arresting System (EMAS) in North America was installed at the northeast end of the runway in 1996. The bed consists of cellular cement material, which can safely decelerate and stop an aircraft that overruns the runway. The arrestor bed concept was originated and developed by the Port Authority and installed at JFK Airport as a joint research and development project with the FAA and industry.
|
4L/22R | 12,079 feet (3,682 m) | 200 feet (61 m) | Cat. I (both directions) | Adjacent to Terminals 4 and 5. Both ends allow instrument landings down to three-quarters of a mile's visibility. Takeoffs can be conducted with one-eighth of a mile's visibility. It closed on June 1, 2015, for almost four months as part of a significant runway modernization project that replaced the asphalt base with a concrete base and widened the runway from 150 to 200 feet (46 to 61 m). It reopened on September 28, 2015.[178] |
Operational facilities
The
A VOR-DME station, identified as JFK, is located on the airport property between runways 4R/22L and 4L/22R.[2]
Physical plant
JFK is supplied with electricity by the Kennedy International Airport Power Plant, owned and operated by
Heating and cooling for all of JFK's passenger terminals is provided by a co-located Central Heating and Refrigeration Plant (CHRP) in conjunction with a Thermal Distribution System (TDS) that entered service in August 1994. Waste heat from the power plant powers two heat recovery steam generators and a 25-megawatt steam turbine, which in turn run chillers to generate 28,000 tons of refrigeration, or heat exchangers to create 225 million Btu/hour.[184]
Aviation ground service
Aircraft service facilities include seven aircraft hangars, an engine overhaul building, a 32-million-US-gallon (120,000 m3) aircraft fuel storage facility, and a truck garage.
Other facilities
The airport hosts an extensive array of administrative, government, and air cargo support buildings. In 2002, the New York metropolitan area accounted for 18 percent of import (and over 24 percent of all) air cargo volume in the nation. At that time, JFK itself was reported to have 4.5 million ft2 (418,064 m2) of warehouse space with another 434,000 sq ft (40,300 m2) under construction.[186]
Building # | Status | Use | Current Tenant(s) | Additional Information |
---|---|---|---|---|
6 | Active | Cargo | FedEx Express | |
9 | Active | Cargo | Korean Air Cargo
|
Opened in 2001 on a 188,000 sq ft (17,500 m2) site capable of handling three 747 aircraft. The facility was the first at JFK to utilize a computerized automated storage and retrieval system for cargo handling.[187][188] |
14 | Active | Admin. | Port Authority | |
JFK Medport | ||||
15 | Active | Ground Service | Snowlift | |
17 | Inactive | Hangar | Former Tower Air hangar and office.[189] Later housed artifacts from September 11 attacks, which were distributed to the 9/11 Museum and other memorials.[190] | |
23 | Active | Cargo | Lufthansa Cargo[191] | Previously known as 'Tract 8/9A'. Development of the 434,000 sq ft (40,300 m2) site began in August 2001. Currently capable of handling four 747 aircraft. Previous tenants included Alliance Airlines and Cargo Service Center.[186] |
Qantas Freight[192] | ||||
Swissport USA[193] | ||||
CAL Cargo Air Lines[194]
| ||||
66 | Active | Cargo | Nippon Cargo Airlines[195] | |
77 | Active | Mixed | U.S. Customs and Border Protection[196] | |
Alliance Ground International[196] | ||||
81 | Active | Hangar | JetBlue | 140,000 sq ft (13,000 m2) maintenance facility with 70,000 sq ft (6,500 m2) of hangar space. It broke ground in 2003 and opened in 2005 for $45 million.[197][198] |
81A | ||||
81B | ||||
86 | Active | Cargo | MSN Air Service[196] | |
89 | Active | Cargo | DHL Global Forwarding | |
139 | Active | Ground Service | LSG Sky Chefs |
|
141 | Active | Mixed | Aviation High School 1
|
Originally housed the Port Authority Police Department,[200] and North American Airlines .
|
ABM Parking | ||||
145 | Active | Ground Service | Sheltair[202] | Previously operated by PANYNJ. It became the first privately operated FBO in JFK's history when it was transferred from PANYNJ on May 21, 2012.[203] |
151 | Active | Cargo | Worldwide Freight Services[196] | |
Swissport | ||||
178 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Former Tower Air headquarters[204] |
208 | Active | Ground Service | Aerosnow | Former 400,000 sq ft (37,000 m2) Pan Am facility[186] |
213 | Inactive | Passenger Terminal | Former Tower Air terminal. | |
254 | Active | Public Safety | PAPD |
|
255 | Active | Public Safety | PAPD
|
|
269 | Active | Public Safety | PAPD |
Three chapels, including Our Lady of the Skies Chapel, provide for the religious needs of airline passengers.[206]
In January 2017, the Ark at JFK Airport, a luxury terminal for pets, opened for $65 million. Ark was built ostensibly so that people who were transporting pets and other animals would be able to provide luxurious accommodations for these animals. At the time, it was supposed to be the only such facility in the U.S.[207] In January 2018, Ark's owner sued the Port Authority for violating a clause that would have given Ark the exclusive rights to inspect all animals who arrive at JFK from other countries. In the lawsuit, the owner stated that Ark had incurred significant operational losses because many animals were instead being transported to a United States Department of Agriculture facility in Newburgh.[208]
Airport hotels
Several hotels are adjacent to JFK Airport, including the
On July 27, 2015, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced in a press conference that the TWA Flight Center building would be used by the TWA Hotel, a 505-room hotel with 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) of conference, event, or meeting space. The new hotel is estimated to have cost $265 million. The hotel has a 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) observation deck with an infinity pool.[217] Groundbreaking for the hotel occurred on December 15, 2016, and it opened on May 15, 2019.[218]
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
When ranked by the value of shipments passing through it, JFK is the number three freight gateway in the United States (after the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of New York and New Jersey), and the number one international air freight gateway in the United States.[5] Almost 21% of all U.S. international air freight by value and 9.6% by tonnage moved through JFK in 2008.[314]
The JFK air cargo complex is a
20 cargo airlines operate out of JFK,
There are also some on-demand cargo charter services to JFK, which is Silk Way West Airlines one of the most active cargo charter airline to this destination.
Most cargo and maintenance facilities at JFK are located north and west of the main terminal area. DHL, FedEx Express, Japan Airlines, Lufthansa, Nippon Cargo Airlines and United Airlines have cargo facilities at JFK.[316][318] In 2000, Korean Air Cargo opened a new $102 million cargo terminal at JFK with total floor area of 81,124 square feet (7,536.7 m2) and capability of handling 200,000 tons annually. In 2007, American Airlines opened a new priority parcel service facility at their Terminal 8, featuring 30-minute drop-offs and pick-ups for priority parcel shipments within the US.[319]
Airlines | Destinations |
---|---|
Air ACT | Miami |
Shanghai–Pudong
| |
Seattle/Tacoma, Wilmington (OH)
| |
Asiana Cargo[321] | Anchorage, Seoul–Incheon |
ASL Airlines Belgium[322] | Liège |
AeroUnion | Mexico City–AIFA[324] |
CAL Cargo Air Lines | Liège, Tel Aviv |
Luxembourg, Mexico City–AIFA, Toulouse
| |
Milan–Malpensa
| |
Toronto–Pearson
| |
Challenge Airlines SA | Liège, Tel Aviv |
Taipei–Taoyuan
| |
Shanghai–Pudong
| |
China Southern Cargo | Anchorage, Guangzhou |
Chicago–O'Hare, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Maastricht/Aachen
| |
Taipei–Taoyuan[330]
| |
Washington–Dulles
| |
Kalitta Air | Amsterdam |
Toronto–Pearson
| |
Lufthansa Cargo[333] | Atlanta, Frankfurt, Mexico City–AIFA |
MNG Airlines | Cologne/Bonn[334] |
Tokyo–Narita
| |
Shanghai–Pudong
| |
Qatar Airways Cargo[338] | Doha, Halifax, Zaragoza |
Saudia Cargo[339] | Jeddah |
Toronto–Pearson, Zaragoza
| |
UPS Airlines | Chicago/Rockford, Louisville, Orlando, Philadelphia Seasonal: Hartford |
Statistics
Passenger numbers
Year | Passengers |
---|---|
2009 | 45,877,942
|
2010 | 46,515,060
|
2011 | 47,643,477
|
2012 | 49,273,824
|
2013 | 50,451,822
|
2014 | 53,220,426
|
2015 | 56,884,730
|
2016 | 59,103,472
|
2017 | 59,488,982
|
2018 | 61,636,235
|
2019 | 62,571,463
|
2020 | 16,630,642
|
2021 | 30,788,322
|
2022 | 55,287,711
|
2023 | 62,440,306
|
Top destinations
Rank | Airport | Passengers | Carriers |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Los Angeles, California | 1,395,000 | American, Delta, JetBlue |
2 | San Francisco, California | 971,000 | Alaska, American, Delta, JetBlue |
3 | Miami, Florida | 875,000 | American, Delta, JetBlue |
4 | Orlando, Florida | 722,000 | Delta, JetBlue |
5 | Fort Lauderdale, Florida | 601,000 | Delta, JetBlue |
6 | Atlanta, Georgia | 523,000 | Delta, JetBlue |
7 | San Juan, Puerto Rico | 517,000 | Delta, JetBlue |
8 | Seattle/Tacoma, Washington | 481,000 | Alaska, Delta, JetBlue |
9 | Las Vegas, Nevada | 463,000 | Delta, JetBlue |
10 | Boston, Massachusetts | 438,000 | American, Delta, JetBlue |
Rank | Change | Airport | Passengers | Change | Carriers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | London–Heathrow, United Kingdom | 2,316,480 | 283.7% | American, British Airways, Delta, JetBlue, Virgin Atlantic |
2 | 3 | Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France | 1,446,607 | 162.8% | Air France, American, Delta, JetBlue, Norse Atlantic |
3 | 2 | Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic | 893,376 | 2.7% | Delta, JetBlue |
4 | 2 | Santo Domingo–Las Américas
|
885,562 | 15.3% | Delta, JetBlue |
5 | 12 | Madrid, Spain
|
727,206 | 57.3% | Air Europa, American, Delta, Iberia |
6 | 10 | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 720,926 | 149.9% | Delta, JetBlue, KLM |
7 | 3 | Cancún, Mexico | 682,079 | 35.0% | American, Delta, JetBlue |
8 | 15 | Milan–Malpensa, Italy
|
659,283 | 168.0% | American, Delta, Emirates, ITA, Neos |
9 | Tel Aviv, Israel | 648,989 | 73.5% | American, Delta, El AL | |
10 | 10 | Rome–Fiumicino, Italy
|
621,483 | 173.7% | American, Delta, ITA, Norse Atlantic |
11 | 20 | Frankfurt, Germany | 591,502 | 241.7% | Condor, Delta, Lufthansa, Singapore |
12 | 6 | Mexico City, Mexico
|
586,955 | 36.4% | Aeroméxico, American, Delta, VivaAerobus |
13 | 1 | Dubai–International, United Arab Emirates | 574,125 | 158.6% | Emirates |
14 | 7 | Istanbul, Turkey | 562,854 | 64.6% | Turkish |
15 | 7 | Punta Cana, Dominican Republic | 533,624 | 77.1% | American, Delta, JetBlue |
16 | 2 | Doha, Qatar | 517,795 | 47.9% | Qatar |
17 | 10 | Dublin, Ireland | 507,600 | 73.3% | Aer Lingus, Delta |
18 | 8 | Montego Bay, Jamaica | 483,321 | 80.1% | Delta, JetBlue |
19 | 20 | São Paulo–Guarulhos, Brazil | 435,977 | 277.7% | American, Delta, LATAM Brasil |
20 | 35 | Barcelona, Spain | 432,531 | 103.0 | American, Delta, Level |
Rank | Airline | Passengers | Share |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Delta Air Lines | 18,379,843 | 29.6% |
2 | JetBlue | 16,345,561 | 26.3% |
3 | American Airlines | 7,960,709 | 12.8% |
4 | Alaska Airlines | 1,286,076 | 2.1% |
5 | British Airways | 1,267,705 | 2.0% |
6 | Air France | 1,042,816 | 1.7% |
7 | Virgin Atlantic | 1,018,928 | 1.6% |
8 | Avianca | 917,955 | 1.5% |
9 | Emirates | 888,446 | 1.4% |
10 | Aer Lingus | 634,305 | 1.0% |
Other
Information services
In the immediate vicinity of the airport, parking and other information can be obtained by tuning to a
A second station at 1700 AM provides information on traffic concerns for drivers leaving the airport.Kennedy Airport, along with the other Port Authority airports (LaGuardia and Newark), uses a uniform style of signage throughout the airport properties. Yellow signs direct passengers to airline gates, ticketing and other flight services; green signs direct passengers to ground transportation services and black signs lead to restrooms, telephones and other passenger amenities. In addition, the Port Authority operates "Welcome Centers" and taxi dispatch booths in each airline terminal, where staff provide customers with information on taxis, limousines, other ground transportation and hotels.
Former New York City traffic reporter Bernie Wagenblast provides the voice for the airport's radio stations and the messages heard on board AirTrain JFK and in its stations.[346]
Notable staff
Stephen Abraham, colloquially known as Kennedy Steve, was an air traffic controller at JFK between 1994 and 2017.[347] Abraham was known for his distinct "informal" tone and controlling-style while handling ground traffic at the airport. Many of his interactions with pilots were recorded and featured on various social media platforms, including various YouTube channels. In 2017, Abraham was awarded the Dale Wright Award by the National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) for distinguished professionalism and exceptional career service to NATCA and the National Air Space System.[348][349] In 2019, he was hired as Airside Operations and Ramp Manager at JFK's Terminal 1.[350]
Accidents and incidents
See also
- List of memorials to John F. Kennedy
- Christopher O. Ward
- List of tallest air traffic control towers in the United States
Notes
- ^ Colloquially referred to as JFK Airport, Kennedy Airport, New York-JFK, or simply JFK
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Further reading
- Bloom, Nicholas Dagen. The Metropolitan Airport: JFK International and Modern New York (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015) x, 233 pp.
External links
- John F. Kennedy International Airport (official site)
- FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective March 21, 2024
- FAA Terminal Procedures for JFK, effective March 21, 2024
- John F. Kennedy International Airport aviation weather (in Spanish, English, French, Chinese, and Hindi)
- Resources for this airport:
- AirNav airport information for KJFK
- ASN accident history for JFK
- FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
- NOAA/NWS weather observations: current, past three days
- SkyVector aeronautical chart for KJFK
- FAA current JFK delay information