John I of France
John I | |
---|---|
Saint Denis Basilica | |
House | Capet |
Father | Louis X of France |
Mother | Clementia of Hungary |
John I (15 – 19 November 1316),
John reigned for four days under the
Consequences
The child mortality rate was very high in medieval Europe and John may have died from any number of causes, but rumours of poisoning spread immediately after his death (including one which said that he had been murdered with a pin by his aunt),[5] as many people benefited from it, and as John's father had also died in strange circumstances. The cause of his death is still not known today.[6]
The premature death of John brought the first issue of succession of the Capetian dynasty. When Louis X, his father, died without a son to succeed him, it was the first time since Hugh Capet that the succession from father to son of the kings of France was interrupted. It was then decided to wait until his pregnant widow, Clementia of Hungary, delivered the child. The king's brother, Philip the Tall, was in charge of the regency of the kingdom against his uncle Charles of Valois. The birth of a male child was expected to give France its king. The problem of succession returned when John died four days after birth. Philip ascended the throne at the expense of John's four-year-old half-sister, Joan, daughter of Louis X and Margaret of Burgundy.
Supposed survival
Various legends circulated about this royal child. First, it was claimed that his uncle, Philip the Tall, had him poisoned. Then, a strange story a few decades later started the rumor that the little King John was not dead. During the captivity of John the Good (1356–1360), a man named Giannino Baglioni claimed to be John I and thus the heir to the throne. He tried to assert his rights, but was captured in Provence and died in captivity in 1363.[7]
In The Man Who Believed He Was King of France, Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri suggests that Cola di Rienzo manufactured false evidence that Baglioni was John the Posthumous in order to strengthen his own power in Rome by placing Baglioni on the French throne. Shortly after they met in 1354, di Rienzo was assassinated, and Baglioni waited two years to report his claims. He went to the Hungarian court where Louis I of Hungary, nephew of Clementia of Hungary, allegedly recognized him as the son of Louis and Clementia. In 1360, Baglioni went to Avignon, but Pope Innocent VI refused to receive him. After several attempts to gain recognition, he was arrested and imprisoned in Naples, where he died in 1363.[7]
See also
References
- ^ Hercule Géraud (1843) Chronique latine de Guillaume de Nangis, de 1113 à 1300, avec les continuations de cette chronique, de 1300 à 1368, tome 1. pp. 430–431.
- ^ Amedée Hellot (1884). Chronique parisienne anonyme du XIVe siècle. p. 26.
- ^ Julian Day and Civil Date Calculator.
- ^ Giesey, Ralph E. (2007). Le rôle méconnu de la Loi Salique: La succession royale, XIVe-XVIe siècles. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
- ISBN 978-0330-374965
- ^ "Histoire et Secrets – découvrir l'histoire de France et du monde – Jean Ier : un règne de quatre jours". histoire-et-secrets.com (in French). Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-226-14525-9.
The Man Who Believed He Was King of France.
- ^ These are the dates given by the continuator of Guillaume de Nangis.[1] The Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 à 1339 gives 13 and 18 November. His burial took place on Sunday 20 according to the same source,[2] although the 20th was actually a Saturday.[3]
Further reading
- "Summaries of Foreign Reviews: Natura ed Arte – Giannino Baglioni". The Scottish Review. Vol. 28. July 1896. pp. 160–61.