John I of Portugal
John I | |
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King of Portugal | |
Reign | 6 April 1385 – 14 August 1433 |
Acclamation | 6 April 1385 |
Predecessor | Beatrice (disputed) or Ferdinand I |
Successor | Edward |
Born | 11 April 1357 Lisbon, Portugal |
Died | 14 August 1433 (aged 76) Lisbon, Portugal |
Burial | |
Spouse | Philippa of Lancaster (m. 1387, d. 1415) |
Issue among others... | |
House | Aviz |
Father | Peter I of Portugal |
Mother | Teresa Lourenço |
Signature |
John I (
Early life
John was born in
On the death without a male heir of his half-brother, King Ferdinand I, in October 1383, strenuous efforts were made to secure the succession for Beatrice, Ferdinand's only daughter. As heir presumptive, Beatrice had married king John I of Castile, but popular sentiment was against an arrangement in which Portugal would have been virtually annexed by Castile. The 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum followed, a period of political anarchy, when no monarch ruled the country.
Acclamation
On 6 April 1385, the Council of the Kingdom (the
On 2 February 1387, John I married Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt,[3] who had proved to be a worthy ally. The marriage consolidated an Anglo-Portuguese Alliance that endures to the present day.
Reign
John I of Castile died in 1390 without issue from his wife Beatrice, which meant that a competing legitimate bloodline with a claim to the throne of Portugal died out. John I of Portugal was then able to rule in peace and concentrate on the economic development and territorial expansion of his realm. The most significant military actions were the
The raids and attacks of the
Contemporaneous writers describe John as a man of wit who was very keen on concentrating power on himself, but at the same time possessed a benevolent and kind demeanor. His youthful education as master of a religious order made him an unusually learned king for the Middle Ages. His love for knowledge and culture was passed on to his sons, who are often referred to collectively by Portuguese historians as the "
Marriage and descendants
On 2 February 1387, John I married
Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
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By Philippa of Lancaster (31 March 1360 – 19 July 1415; married on 2 February 1387) | |||
Infanta Blanche | 13 July 1388 | 6 March 1389 | |
Infante Afonso[8] | 30 July 1390 | 22 December 1400 | |
King Edward[8] | 31 October 1391 | 13 September 1438 | Who succeeded him as King of Portugal .
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Infante Peter | 9 December 1392 | 20 May 1449 | Duke of Coimbra. Died in the Battle of Alfarrobeira. |
Infante Henry[8] | 4 March 1394 | 13 November 1460 | Known as Henry the Navigator. Order of Christ .
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Infanta Isabella | 21 February 1397 | 11 December 1471 | Duchess consort of Burgundy by marriage to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy .
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Infante John | 13 January 1400 | 18 October 1442 | Constable of the Kingdom and grandfather of Isabella I of Castile. |
Infante Ferdinand | 29 September 1402 | 5 June 1443 | Grand Master of the Fes , Morocco.
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By Inês Pires (c. 1350–1400?) | |||
Afonso[9] | 10 August 1377 | 15 December 1461 | Natural son and 1st Duke of Braganza. |
Beatrice[9] | c. 1380 | November 1439 | Natural daughter. Countess of Arundel by marriage to Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel. Countess of Huntingdon by marriage to John Holland, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon, later Duke of Exeter .
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Ancestry
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Notes
- ^ Rendered as Joam or Joham in Archaic Portuguese
- ^ Livermore, H. [in German] (20 July 1998). "John I, king of Portugal". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ a b Spain and Portugal, Graeme Mercer Adam ed., J. D. Morris, 1906
- ^ Prestage, Edgar. "Portugal." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 27 Jul. 2014
- ISBN 0-292-71276-6.
- JSTOR 1834305.
- ^ Goodman 1998, p. 136.
- ^ a b c Ward, Prothero & Leathes 1934, table 88.
- ^ a b Rodrigues Oliveira, Ana (2010). Rainhas medievais de Portugal. p. 412.
- ^ a b John I, King of Portugal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ a b Peter I, King of Portugal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ a b de Sousa, Antonio Caetano (1735). Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza [Genealogical History of the Royal House of Portugal] (in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Lisboa Occidental. p. 4.
References
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "John I. of Portugal". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 443. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- Williamson, D. 1988. Debrett's Kings and Queens of Europe
- Ana Echevarría Arsuaga: Catalina de Lancaster, edit. Nerea, 2002. ISBN 84-89569-79-7).
- Goodman, Jennifer R. (1998). Chivalry and Exploration, 1298-1630. The Boydell Press.
- Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Leathes, Stanley, eds. (1934). The Cambridge Modern History. Vol. XIII. Cambridge at the University Press.