John Markham (Royal Navy officer)

John Markham
Admiral John Markham (Thomas Lawrence, ca. 1793)
Born	13 June 1761 Westminster
Died	13 February 1827 (1827-02-14) (aged 65) Naples
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1775–1826
Rank	Admiral
Commands held	Volcano Zebra HMS Sphinx HMS Blonde HMS Hannibal HMS Centaur
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War • Siege of Charleston • Battle of Cape Henry French Revolutionary Wars • Action of 10 April 1795 Napoleonic Wars
Other work	MP for Portsmouth

Admiral John Markham, (13 June 1761 – 13 February 1827) was a

Markham was born in 1761 at Westminster, second son to William Markham, the Archbishop of York, and Sarah Goddard. One of his seven sisters, Frederica, later became Countess of Mansfield.^[1] He was educated at Westminster School. In March 1775, he joined the Royal Navy at the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. He served under George Elphinstone in HMS Romney and HMS Perseus.^[2]

Going to the West Indies in February 1777, the Perseus captured another privateer, to which again young Markham was sent as prize-master, and a third time, in May, Markham was appointed in a like capacity to a large merchant-ship, captured on the coast of Carolina. He had with him four men and a boy from the Perseus, and four of the prisoners, americanised Frenchmen, to assist in working the ship. During a violent gale the ship sprang a leak, and became waterlogged. The English seamen, growing desperate, got dead drunk, and the Frenchmen, arming themselves as they best could, attacked Markham, who was at the helm. He succeeded, however, in beating them below. The ship, too, though waterlogged, was laden with barrel-staves, and kept afloat until her crew were rescued by a passing vessel. Some months later, he arrived in England, to find his family in mourning for him, Elphinstone having written that he had certainly been lost with the ship.^[3]

Markham subsequently served on the North American and West Indian stations in HMS Phoenix, HMS Roebuck, HMS Royal Oak, HMS London, HMS Volcano and HMS Zebra, participating at the Siege of Charleston and the Battle of Cape Henry.^[3]

Markham went to Jamaica, where, in March 1782, Sir Peter Parker, 1st Baronet promoted him to command the Volcano fireship. In May, Rodney moved him to the Zebra sloop, and sent him out to cruise off Cape Tiburon. On 22 May, he fell in with a brig flying a French ensign. He chased her, and was fast gaining on her, when she hoisted a union jack at the fore. Markham supposed that this was a signal to a small craft in company, and as the motions of the brig were otherwise suspicious, he fired into her. It then appeared that she was a cartel, and meant the English jack for a flag of truce. On the complaint of the French lieutenant in command, Markham was tried by court-martial and cashiered, but Rodney, reviewing the evidence, reinstated him on his own authority, and the king in council, on the report of the admiralty, completely restored him, 13 November. He received half-pay for the time, June to November, that he was out of the service, and on 3 January 1783, was promoted to the rank of post-captain.^[3]

From 1783 to 1786, Markham commanded

Although Markham remained in the Navy and was eventually promoted to full admiral on 12 August 1819,^[8] he did not serve in a command capacity again. He had however been elected to Parliament in 1801 on the death of Lord Hugh Seymour, sitting for the constituency of Portsmouth from 1801 to 1818 and then again from 1820 to 1826. He retired from all public life in 1826 due to ill health, and died in Naples early on 13 February 1827.^[3]

Family

In 1796, he married Maria Rice, daughter of George Rice. He had three sons, one of whom,