John Treloar (museum administrator)
John Treloar | |
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Mentioned in Despatches |
John Linton Treloar,
Treloar's career was focussed on the Australian military and its history. Prior to World War I he worked as a clerk in the Department of Defence and, after volunteering for the AIF in 1914, formed part of the Australian Army officer Brudenell White's staff for most of the war's first years. He was appointed commander of the Australian War Records Section (AWRS) in 1917. In this position, he improved the AIF's records and collected a large number of artefacts for later display in Australia. Treloar was appointed the director of what eventually became the AWM in 1920, and was a key figure in establishing the Memorial and raising funds for its permanent building in Canberra. He left the AWM at the outbreak of World War II to lead the Australian Government's Department of Information, but was effectively sidelined for much of 1940. In early 1941 he was appointed to command the Australian military's Military History and Information Section with similar responsibilities to those he had held during World War I. He attempted to intervene in the management of the AWM during his absence, however, to the increasing frustration of its acting director. Treloar worked intensely in all his roles and suffered periods of ill-health as a result. Following the war, he returned to the Memorial in 1946 but his performance deteriorated over time, possibly due to exhaustion. He died in January 1952.
Treloar continues to be regarded as an important figure in Australian military history. His principal achievements are seen as gathering and classifying Australia's records of the world wars and successfully establishing the AWM. The street behind the Memorial and its main storage annex were named in Treloar's honour following his death.
Early life
Treloar was born in
World War I
On 16 August 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I, Treloar enlisted in the
When he recovered his health, Treloar returned to the military. An attempt to rejoin Brudenell White's staff was unsuccessful, and he instead was posted to the
Treloar assumed command of the AWRS on 16 May 1917. At this time the Section comprised four enlisted soldiers and occupied two rooms in the British Public Record Office's (PRO) building in London.[15][16] Established upon the urging of the official Australian war correspondent Charles Bean, the unit was responsible for gathering records to serve as source material for the official histories that were to be written after the war.[2][12] At this stage Australia did not have a national archive or public records office, and the AWRS was the first organisation set up to preserve any Commonwealth Government records.[17]
Treloar's first challenge was to improve the quality of the
As commander of the AWRS, Treloar worked enthusiastically and at times had to be ordered to take holidays.
Following the war, Treloar continued to organise the records the AWRS had collected. In the months after the war the Section was assigned a large number of soldiers to assist with this task.[13] The AWRS also continued to gather artefacts, and by February 1919 it had a collection of over 25,000 items; Treloar regarded this as "a good collection" but still not sufficient.[24] He sought to collect records and memorabilia relevant to all aspects of Australia's experience in World War I, including material concerning the worst aspects of the Australian military. In doing so, Treloar deliberately did not make judgments on the historical value of the records and items submitted to the AWRS as he believed that this task should be left to others.[28] On 3 June 1919 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), for "valuable services rendered in connexion with the war".[4][29] Treloar arrived back in Australia on 18 July 1919.[30]
The large quantity of artefacts and records which the AWRS had gathered were also returned to Australia in 1919, though work on organising them into an archive was not completed until 1932.[13][31] The Australian War Museum was formed in 1919 on the basis of the Section's collection, and Treloar joined the museum at some stage during the year.[16][32] Henry Gullett was appointed the War Museum's first director on 11 August 1919 after Bean turned down the position so that he could focus on editing and writing the Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918.[33][34] Treloar was appointed the museum's deputy director on the same date.[34] Bean, Gullet and Treloar were subsequently the key figures in the establishment of the AWM.[33]
Establishing the War Memorial
Treloar became the acting director of the Australian War Museum in 1920 after Gullett resigned from the position and became head of the Australian Immigration Bureau.
Treloar continued to expand the Australian War Museum's collections during the 1920s. For instance, in 1921 he wrote to all the Australian Victoria Cross recipients of World War I or their families to ask that they donate their wartime diaries or other personal items.[40] The museum also actively sought the wartime diaries and letters written by other members of the AIF; Treloar hoped that these records would allow a psychological study to be conducted on the men who had joined the AIF.[41] Taking up an idea of Bean's, Treloar oversaw the development of several dioramas depicting key Australian battles of the war and engaged professional artists to make the models. Several of the dioramas produced in the 1920s remain on display in the AWM and are among its most popular exhibits.[42][43] Treloar also oversaw the completion of the artworks which had been commissioned from the official war artists during World War I and, in collaboration with Bean, ordered additional works.[44] The institution was renamed the "Australian War Memorial Museum" in 1923, most likely on Treloar's suggestion.[45]
During its early years the AWM existed in a parlous state, and Treloar raised funds and advocated construction of a permanent building to house its records and collection of artefacts. Treloar and Bean convinced the museum's governing committee that it needed to raise funds so that the museum was not entirely dependent on Government funding for its permanent building. To this end, Treloar established a sales section in the museum in 1921 and recruited salesmen to sell books, reproductions of artworks and photographs as well as surplus items from the collection such as German
The construction of a permanent building for the Memorial was delayed by the Great Depression. In January 1924 the Commonwealth Government's Cabinet approved a proposal to construct the War Memorial at the foot of Mount Ainslie in Canberra. An architectural competition was subsequently held, and Treloar was responsible for selecting the final designs to be considered after the judging panel had reduced the number of entries from 69 to 29. None of these designs met all the necessary criteria, but two of the architects responsible for highly placed designs agreed to collaborate to produce a final design.[53] Plans for the Memorial building were approved by the Commonwealth Parliament in 1928, but funds for construction work were not available due to the impact of the Great Depression.[54] Work finally began on the building in 1933, and it was completed in 1941.[55] Until 1935, Treloar and the Memorial's administrative staff were located in Melbourne and the collection was split between Sydney and Melbourne. In that year, Treloar, along with 24 other Memorial staff, moved into the uncompleted building in Canberra and the Memorial in Sydney was closed to enable the collection to be relocated.[56]
Treloar continued to seek commercial opportunities to raise funds for the Memorial during the 1920s and 1930s. As well as selling guidebooks, reproductions of artworks and surplus items, the Memorial raised substantial amounts of money from placing an admission fee on
Treloar would typically work for six days each week, and normally stayed until late at night. In accordance with his Methodist beliefs, he did not work on Sundays.
World War II
Shortly before the outbreak of World War II Treloar wrote to the members of the AWM's board to with proposals for how the Memorial should respond to another major war. This letter suggested that if hostilities occurred, the Memorial should suspend most of its activities and reorient its focus to become a memorial to all the wars in which Australia had taken part rather than just World War I. He further proposed that the Memorial building be used as a store and for government offices during the war, and that its staff establish a war records section similar to the AWRS. These proposals "ran counter to all that had been planned in the preceding years" and were rejected by the AWM board in October 1939. The board did decide, however, to offer the Department of Defence assistance with collecting records and artefacts. Accordingly, work continued on the Memorial throughout World War II, though in February 1941 the board decided to extend its scope to include the new war.[63]
Treloar left his position at the Memorial for the duration of World War II. In September 1939 Treloar's close friend Henry Gullett, who at the time was the Minister for Information, appointed him the inaugural
At some point in 1940 or early 1941, Treloar requested that he be appointed to command the War Records Section, which formed part of the Second Australian Imperial Force's administrative headquarters.[75] The Cabinet agreed to this during February 1941. Treloar's responsibilities in this role were to coordinate and control the collection of material to be included in the AWM as well as to supervise the official war artists and photographers; these duties were similar to those he and Bean had undertaken during World War I.[76][77] Treloar was appointed to the rank of lieutenant colonel, but primarily worked for the AWM which reimbursed the Army for his salary and allowances. This arrangement gave Treloar less influence with the Army than he had enjoyed as head of the AWRS during World War I.[76] General Thomas Blamey, the commander of the AIF, subsequently redesignated the War Records Section the Military History and Information Section (MHIS) on the grounds that its original name had not adequately described the unit's role.[75] In contrast to the DOI's propaganda activities, the MHIS focused on collecting records, images and items that would be useful to historians.[78]
After assuming his new position, Treloar was sent to AIF Headquarters in the Middle East where Australian forces were engaged in the
Following the outbreak of the
The MHS continued the MHIS' role of facilitating the production of high-quality paper records and photographs of the war and collecting the resulting documents and images.[81] The section had two field teams in April 1943 (one in Australia and the other in New Guinea), and was expanded to nine teams by the end of 1944.[80] Treloar also focused on the official war artist program, and succeeded in fostering a high-quality collection from a range of artistic styles.[83] He placed a relatively low emphasis on collecting artefacts, however, and did not visit New Guinea even though it was the main Australian battlefield for most of the Pacific War. This concerned Bean, who wrote an unanswered letter to Treloar in July 1943 offering to help organise the collection of more items.[84] In August 1943 Treloar's son Ian was reported missing while serving as a Royal Australian Air Force warrant officer attached to the Royal Air Force. It was determined after the war that he had been killed in action.[85][86] Treloar's other son, Alan, served in the Second AIF and won a Rhodes Scholarship after the war.[87]
By early 1944 Treloar was overworked and unhappy to be in Melbourne instead of at the Memorial. He was also uncomfortable with the way in which Bean and the AWM's acting director Arthur Bazley were running the Memorial in his absence, and sought to intervene in its management. This degree of intervention frustrated Bazley, and led to increasing conflict between the two men who had worked together since 1917.[88] Their relationship worsened in 1945, and the Memorial's board was eventually forced to make a ruling on what Bazley and Treloar's responsibilities were.[89] In 1946, Bazley left the Memorial to take a job in the Department of Immigration due to continuing tensions with Treloar.[90]
One of Treloar's duties throughout much of the war was to compile and edit service annual books, which were compilations of articles written by military personnel and published by the AWM. He first proposed this in mid-1941 as an equivalent of The Anzac Book, which was a collection of anecdotes written by Australian soldiers during the Gallipoli Campaign. The first of these books, entitled Active Service, was printed during late 1941 and early 1942 and eventually sold 138,208 copies. Seventeen service annual books were produced during and after the war, with combined sales of 1,907,446 copies. These books were sold at a profit and earned the Memorial large amounts of money. Treloar's editorial role came on top of his full-time duties as head of the MHS and was one of the main causes of his exhaustion and anxiety in the final years of the war.[91]
Post-war years
Treloar returned to the AWM on 2 September 1946 and was formally discharged from the Army in 1947.
The main challenges for the Memorial in the post-war years were integrating the World War II collections with those from World War I and securing funding to expand its building.[31] Treloar did not seek to increase the Memorial's holdings of World War II artefacts beyond supporting the completion of works commissioned from the official war artists. As a result, the Memorial's collection of World War II memorabilia was inferior to that assembled during and after World War I, and many of its best-known items such as the bomber G for George were acquired as donations from the Government rather than through Treloar's efforts.[99] It was not until October 1948 that the Government agreed to fund an expansion of the AWM after lobbying by Treloar and the Memorial's board.[100]
Treloar experienced difficulties managing the Memorial and its staff in the years after World War II. Although the AWM was able to recruit new staff, it struggled to retain them due to housing shortages in Canberra and the way in which the Memorial was run.[101] Treloar's working style contributed to these problems; although he was personally friendly and took an interest in the wellbeing of his employees, he did not delegate tasks and it was difficult for AWM staff to meet with him in person to discuss their responsibilities. This made it difficult for staff to complete urgent tasks, and contributed to delays in key projects such as the construction of the Memorial's Hall of Memory.[1][102] Tom Hungerford, who worked for the AWM between 1948 and 1949, wrote in his memoirs that Treloar was "most dedicated, most incredibly hard-working, most unfailingly kind and most ineffectual".[103] Treloar increasingly obsessed over relatively minor details and gained a reputation for indecisiveness.[104]
Treloar's work patterns took a toll on his health, and the deterioration in his performance after 1946 was possibly the result of exhaustion.[93] Despite this, the Memorial's board did not intervene in the institution's management and allowed Treloar to remain in his position.[105] In January 1952, Dawn found him ill in bed after noticing that he had not signed the attendance book. Treloar was subsequently admitted to the Canberra Community Hospital where he died on 28 January as a result of an intestinal haemorrhage.[95] His funeral was held two days later at Reid Methodist Church in Canberra, and he was subsequently buried in the returned soldiers section of Woden Cemetery.[106][107]
Treloar's death left the AWM in a state of crisis. Due to his close control over the Memorial, none of its staff knew what his plans had been and it was unclear how to continue key tasks such as completing the Roll of Honour, classifying and displaying items collected during World War II and managing the Memorial's finances. In addition, two fifths of the AWM's staff positions were vacant as Treloar had chosen to delay filling these vacancies.[96] Jim McGrath, who had been the Memorial's Assistant Director (Administration) since May 1951, became acting director when Treloar was hospitalised and was confirmed in this position on 15 May 1952; Bazley had also applied for this job but lost to McGrath despite having Bean's support.[108] Under the direction of Bean, who had been appointed the Chairman of the Memorial's Board in June 1951, McGrath established a committee to develop strategies for both completing and further developing the Memorial. Bean also personally reviewed the Memorial's collection of World War I artefacts during 1952 and 1953, and found that the register of these items was inadequate and it was not possible to locate many of them. He attributed this to the movement of the collection between Melbourne, Sydney and Canberra and the changes of directorship during periods in which Treloar was absent.[109]
Legacy
Following his death, Treloar was praised for the personal sacrifices he had made to establish the AWM, as well as for the high quality of the Memorial.[87][110] The Memorial's storage and display annex at Mitchell, Australian Capital Territory, was subsequently named the Treloar Resource Centre in his honour and a commemorative plaque was located outside the AWM's archival research centre until 1985.[58][110] In 1956 the street behind the Memorial's main building was named Treloar Crescent.[111] In addition, the AWM named a grant it provided to researchers the 'John Treloar Grant'.[112]
Treloar continues to be regarded as an important figure in Australian military history. The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History states that "there is little doubt that the Australian War Memorial would have foundered had it not been for Treloar's tireless and selfless labours, which almost certainly shortened his life"[58] and that he was "Australia's first great museum professional".[31] The collection of World War I records he organised is still used by historians and researchers, and is labelled an "archival record of remarkable detail and accessibility" in his Australian Dictionary of Biography entry.[1][13] In 1993 Alan Treloar published the diary his father had kept during World War I.[113] No book-length biography of Treloar has been completed, though a historian at the AWM began work on one.[114]
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e "Lieutenant Colonel John Linton Treloar". Who's who in Australian Military History. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
- ^ a b c d McKernan (1991), p. 37
- ^ Condé (2007b), p. 453
- ^ a b c d e "VX39804, Major Lieutenant Colonel John Linton Treloar". Australian Military Units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
- ^ Condé (2007c), p. 32
- ^ Condé (2007c), pp. 32–33
- ^ Gooding (2009), p. 224
- ^ Casualty Form – Active Service, VX39804
- ^ Condé (2007c), p. 33
- ^ a b c d e f g h McKernan (1991), p. 38
- ^ "P04505.008". Collection. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ a b Dennis et al. (2008), p. 534
- ^ a b c d e f g Winter (1990)
- ^ Bennett (2011), p. 46
- ^ a b c d e Condé (2007)
- ^ a b c Condé (2007a)
- ^ Condé (2005), pp. 40–42
- ^ a b Condé (2005), p. 42
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 39
- ^ Lakin (2006), p. 63
- ^ Condé (2005), p. 43
- ^ Gooding (2009), p. 128
- ^ a b c d Hill (1983)
- ^ a b McKernan (1991), p. 44
- ^ McCarthy (1983), p. 315
- ^ Letter from the Main Records Section AIF to W.H. Treloar, 21 November 1918, VX39804
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 51
- ^ Condé (2007b), p. 455
- ^ Letter from Base Records Office, AIF to J.L. Treloar, 15 November 1919, VX39804
- ^ "John Linton TRELOAR". The AIF Project. Australian Defence Force Academy. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Dennis et al. (2008), p. 69
- ^ Condé (2007b), p. 454
- ^ a b Inglis (1985), p. 103
- ^ a b McCarthy (1983), p. 377
- ^ a b McKernan (1991), p. 67
- ^ Gower (2019), p. 20
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 73–75
- ^ Gower (2019), p. 21
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 71–73
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 305
- ^ Condé (2007b), p. 461
- ^ Stanley (2009), pp. 183–185
- ^ Back and Webster (2008), pp. 40–41
- ^ Condé (2007b), p. 456
- ^ Nichols (2015), p. 27
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 80–82
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 76
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 86–87
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 88–90, 287
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 124
- ^ "War Memorial". The West Australian. Perth. 9 December 1927. p. 20. Retrieved 20 January 2011 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 113
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 97–109
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 119
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 2 and 147
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 152–153
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 131–134
- ^ a b c Dennis et al. (2008), p. 535
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 134–139
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 139–140
- ^ "CORONATION MEDALS". The Canberra Times. 12 May 1937. p. 9. Retrieved 26 December 2013 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 155–157
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 160–165 and p. 167
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 162–163
- ^ Vickery (2009), p. 62
- ^ Vickery (2009), p. 1
- ^ Gower (2019), p. 28
- ^ Vickery (2009), pp. 62–63
- ^ Hazlehurst (2013), p. 266
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 166–168
- ^ Serle (1986)
- ^ Lakin (2006), p. 108
- ^ Vickery (2009), p. 58
- ^ Lakin (2006), p. 111
- ^ a b c Blackburn (1959), p. 103
- ^ a b McKernan (1991), p. 168
- ^ "AWM Collection Record: P03568.001". Collection database. Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
- ^ Lakin (2006), pp. 112–113
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 168–169
- ^ a b c Lakin (2006), p. 137
- ^ a b McKernan (1991), p. 176
- ^ "No. 35611". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 June 1942. pp. 2851–2857.
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 185
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 176–178
- ^ Condé (2007b), p. 462
- ^ "Casualty details – Treloar, Ian". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- ^ a b "Col. J.L. Treloar War Memorial Director Dies". The Canberra Times. 29 January 1952. p. 4. Retrieved 11 August 2011 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 178–181
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 188
- ^ "Private Arthur William Bazley". People Profiles. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 170–175
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 189
- ^ a b c McKernan (1991), p. 199
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 194
- ^ a b Stanley (2001)
- ^ a b McKernan (1991), p. 201
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 194–195
- ^ Condé (2007b), p. 452
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 189–190
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 190–191
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 196
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 196–197
- ^ McKernan (1991), p. 197
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 198–199
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 201–203
- ^ "Tributes at Funeral of Col. Treloar". The Canberra Times. 31 January 1952. p. 4. Retrieved 27 September 2014 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Zatschler (2008), p. 5
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 199, 202–203
- ^ McKernan (1991), pp. 201, 203–205
- ^ a b McKernan (1991), p. 200
- ^ "Treloar Crescent". Place Name Search. ACT Planning & Land Authority. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
- ^ Oliver (2002)
- )
- ^ Gower (2019), p. 5
Citations
- "VX39804. TRELOAR JOHN LINTON: Service Number – VX39804 : Date of birth – 10 December 1894 : Place of birth – PORT MELBOURNE VIC: Place of enlistment – ROYAL PARK VIC: Next of Kin – TRELOAR A". Canberra: National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
- Back, Laura; Webster, Laura (2009). Moments in Time: Dioramas at the Australian War Memorial. Sydney: New Holland Publishers (Australia). ISBN 978-1-74110-769-2.
- Bennett, Scott (2011). Pozières: The Anzac Story. Melbourne: Scribe Publications. ISBN 978-1-921640-35-3.
- Blackburn, Vera (1959). "Australian War Memorial Library". Military Affairs. 23 (2): 102–104. JSTOR 1985508.
- Condé, Anne-Marie (2005). "Caring for the Past". Wartime (32): 40–43. ISSN 1328-2727.
- Condé, Anne-Marie (2007). "Imagining a collection. Creating Australia's Records of War". ReCollections. 2 (1).
- Condé, Anne-Marie (2007a). "The Australian War Records Section". Blog. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- Condé, Anne-Marie (2007b). "John Treloar, Official War Art and the Australian War Memorial". Australian Journal of Politics & History. 53 (3): 451–464. .
- Condé, Anne-Marie (2007c). "A clerk's eye view of Gallipoli". Wartime (38): 32–33. ISSN 1328-2727.
- Dennis, Peter; et al. (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (Second ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-19-551784-2.
- Gooding, Janda (2009). Gallipoli Revisited: In the Footsteps of Charles Bean and the Australian Historical Mission. Melbourne: Hardie Grant. ISBN 978-1-74066-765-4.
- ISBN 978-1-74305-616-5.
- Hazlehurst, Cameron (2013). Ten Journeys to Cameron's Farm : An Australian Tragedy. Canberra: ANU E Press. ISBN 978-1-925021-01-1. Archived from the originalon 29 December 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
- ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
- ISSN 2042-4345.
- Lakin, Shuane (2006). Contact: Photographs from the Australian War Memorial Collection. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. ISBN 978-0-9751904-6-3.
- McCarthy, Dudley (1983). Gallipoli to the Somme : The story of C.E.W. Bean. Sydney: John Ferguson. ISBN 978-0-909134-58-7.
- McKernan, Michael (1991). Here is Their Spirit. A History of the Australian War Memorial 1917–1990. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press in Association with the Australian War Memorial. ISBN 978-0-7022-2413-3.
- Nichols, Robert (2015). ""The Finest That The World Contains": Charles Bean and the origin of the Australian War Memorial". Wartime (69): 24–27. ISSN 1328-2727.
- Oliver, Pam (2002). "Interpreting "Japanese activities" in Australia, 1888–1945". Journal of the Australian War Memorial (36).
- ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
- Stanley, Peter (2001). "The Memorial and its People – An Illustrated talk". Canberra: Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
- Stanley, Peter (2009). Men of Mont St. Quentin: between victory and death. Melbourne: Scribe Publications. ISBN 978-1-921215-33-9.
- Vickery, Edward Louis (2009). "Telling Australia's story to the world: The Department of Information 1939–1950". Thesis. Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- Winter, Denis (1990). "Treloar, John Linton (1894–1952)". ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- Zatschler, Gerhard (2008). "Heritage (Decision about Provisional Registration of Woden Cemetery, Woden) Notice 2008 (No 1)" (PDF). Canberra: Australian Capital Territory Government. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
Further reading
- Condé, Anne-Marie (2005). "Capturing the records of war : Collecting at the Mitchell Library and the Australian War Memorial". Australian Historical Studies. 36 (125): 134–152. S2CID 144456137.
- Treloar, John (1993). An Anzac Diary. Newcastle West, NSW: Cambridge Press. ISBN 978-0-646-15732-0.