Raven (wrestler)
Raven | |
---|---|
Birth name | Scott Levy[1][2] |
Born | [1][3] Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.[4] | September 8, 1964
Alma mater | University of Delaware |
Website | TheRavenEffect.com |
Professional wrestling career | |
Ring name(s) | Johnny Polo[1] Matman[5] Raven[1] Scott Anthony[1] Scotty the Body[1] Scotty Flamingo[1] |
Billed height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)[6] |
Billed weight | 235 lb (107 kg)[6] |
Billed from | Short Hills, New Jersey Palm Beach, Florida The Bowery[6] |
Trained by | Larry Sharpe[3] |
Debut | February 20, 1988[3] |
Scott Levy (born September 8, 1964) is an American
He is one of the most decorated wrestlers in history, with 37 title reigns between WWE, WCW, ECW, and TNA, including being a three-time World Champion and having a record 27 reigns as WWF/E Hardcore Champion.[10][11]
After having an eight-plus year career in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Raven was inducted into the TNA Hall of Fame in 2022.
Early life
Levy is of
Professional wrestling career
Early career (1988–1992)
Levy trained as a professional wrestler under
Early in his career, Levy competed for the World Wrestling Council in Puerto Rico as well as the Memphis, Tennessee-based promotion Continental Wrestling Association under the ring name "Scotty the Body", where he was given the gimmick of being the "boy toy" of Missy Hyatt, who used him to her and Eddie Gilbert's advantage. After leaving Memphis, Levy wrestled in Florida.[1][2][self-published source?]
Levy next traveled to Canada, where he competed briefly for the
Wrestling as Scotty the Body, Levy made a one-off appearance on WWF Prime Time Wrestling in a losing effort against Koko B. Ware on October 9, 1990.[17]
After leaving PNW, Levy joined the
World Championship Wrestling (1992–1993)
In 1992, Levy joined
World Wrestling Federation (1993–1994)
After leaving WCW, Levy briefly wrestled for the United States Wrestling Association (USWA) before joining the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) as manager "Johnny Polo", a spoiled, rich preppy kid. He was initially placed with Adam Bomb, appearing for the first time on May 22 episode of WWF Superstars. He managed Bomb for four months until he was replaced by Harvey Wippleman. He then became the manager of The Quebecers in September, whom he led to three reigns as WWF Tag Team Champions.[1] In addition to managing, Polo also occasionally appeared in tag-team and singles competition, facing Jim Powers, Virgil, Rick Steiner, Marty Jannetty, Doink the Clown, 1-2-3 Kid, Owen Hart, and Pierre Ouellet. Polo also worked as a color commentator and co-host of Radio WWF,[19] and behind the scenes worked as the associate producer for Monday Night Raw. Levy left the company in October 1994, his final match coming against Adam Bomb on October 2 in Auburn Hills, Michigan.[20] His last appearance as Johnny Polo was at a house show in Montreal, Quebec on October 21 when he managed Pierre Ouellet in a match against Jacques Rougeau.
Extreme Championship Wrestling (1995–1997)
Feud with Tommy Dreamer (1995–1996)
After leaving the WWF, Levy began developing a new
I want elimination by any means necessary. Quoth the Raven 'Nevermore'.
— Raven, January 1995
Raven was introduced to ECW by Stevie Richards. In late 1994, Richards had developed an "identity crisis", performing under the ring names "Stevie Flamingo", "Stevie the Body", and "Stevie Polo"—all references to former ring names used by Levy. After sustaining another loss to Tommy Dreamer, Richards became irate and claimed he would present "the real Johnny Polo". Raven made his first appearance on the January 10, 1995 episode of ECW Hardcore TV, with Richards revealing that he had a vendetta against Tommy Dreamer.[24]
Raven formed a
On April 8, 1995, at
In July 1995 at
At
ECW World Heavyweight Champion (1996–1997)
On January 27, 1996, Raven introduced his new girlfriend, Kimona Wanalaya. Later that evening, Raven defeated The Sandman to win his first ECW World Heavyweight Championship following extensive interference from Raven's Nest.[38] Over the following months, Raven successfully defended the ECW World Heavyweight Championship in bouts with opponents including Shane Douglas, Pitbull #2, Chris Jericho, Damián 666, 2 Cold Scorpio and Terry Gordy. Wanalaya left him in April 1996 at Massacre on Queens Boulevard after he slapped her.[39][40]
At
At High Incident on October 26, 1996, Richards was involved in one of ECW's most controversial angles, with Raven's Nest "crucifying" The Sandman by tying him to a cross and placing a crown made of barbed wire on his head. The angle, which was widely criticised as being in poor taste, led to Olympic gold medalist Kurt Angle severing his links with ECW and delayed the promotion's debut on pay-per-view. At the instruction of Paul Heyman, Raven came to the ring and offered a somewhat insincere apology for his actions.[42][46][47][48]
The relationship between Raven and Richards began to deteriorate in late 1996. At
At the
Over the following months, Raven successfully defended the ECW World Heavyweight Championship against opponents including Dreamer, Richards, Rob Van Dam and Super Nova.[51][52] His reign lasted until April 13, 1997, when he was defeated by Terry Funk in the main event of Barely Legal, ECW's first pay-per-view.[53][54]
On the May 1, 1997 episode of ECW Hardcore TV, a controversial angle took place in which a morose Raven, despondent at the loss of his title and other setbacks, confronted Richards, telling him he had one final "mission" for him. Raven then attacked Richards before begging him to "end my pain". At The Buffalo Invasion on May 11, 1997, Raven and Richards reformed their tag team to face Dreamer and Funk, with Richards pinning Funk despite bickering with Raven throughout the match. In the main event, Raven, Richards, Funk and The Sandman faced one another in a four-way elimination match for Funk's ECW World Heavyweight Championship. During the match, Raven DDT'ed both Funk and The Sandman and then demanded that Richards pin them and then lay down for him. Richards refused, instead superkicking Raven and enabling Funk and The Sandman to pin him.[55]
At Wrestlepalooza on June 6, 1997, Raven faced Dreamer in a "Loser Leaves ECW" match. During the bout, Raven abandoned his new valet, Chastity, and unsuccessfully begged Beulah to take him back. Dreamer ultimately won the match by pinning Raven for the first time, marking the end of their lengthy feud and the end of Raven's ECW career. Raven subsequently left ECW and rejoined World Championship Wrestling.[54][56]
Return to WCW (1997–1999)
The Flock (1997–1998)
On June 30, 1997, Levy made his return to WCW as Raven. He was seen sitting in the front row at
Raven made his in-ring Nitro debut on October 27 against
With The Flock's help, Raven won the
The Dead Pool (1998–1999)
Without The Flock, Raven began a series of depressing interviews and walked out on several matches. In October at
He later joined with Vampiro and the Insane Clown Posse in a short-lived stable called The Dead Pool.[1] In a backstage meeting in August 1999, which involved every contracted WCW wrestler, Eric Bischoff offered anyone their release right then and there. Levy was the only one to stand up and walk out, as he was dissatisfied with WCW's creative direction. Levy was granted his release and left the company.[57][13]
Return to ECW (1999–2000)
As a condition to leaving WCW, Levy was not allowed to directly join the WWF upon leaving the promotion as levied by a no compete clause in his contract. Via a loophole in the contract, Levy rejoined ECW and signed a one-year contract on August 25, 1999. His in-ring appearances were initially limited by a recent surgery to repair a rotator cuff tear.[13]
Raven made a surprise return at
World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment (2000–2003)
Levy returned to the WWF, as Raven, in 2000 at
When the Invasion storyline began, he found himself in the new WCW/ECW Alliance. His most notable storyline during this time was when he was managed by Terri Runnels and destroyed the love interest of Saturn, his mop called "Moppy". He also started teaming with Justin Credible in late July 2001. By the end of the year, Raven was not seen on WWF programs, as the Alliance lost the "Winner Take All" match at Survivor Series.
In March 2002, when the
NWA Total Nonstop Action / Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2003–2010)
The Gathering (2003–2004)
Raven debuted for
On September 17, 2003, Raven lost his trademark long hair after he was defeated by
Also in 2004, Raven's old friend Sabu returned to TNA. Raven teamed with Sabu to defeat The Gathering one last time. Raven and Sabu then feuded with Abyss and "The Alpha Male" Monty Brown.[1] Abyss and Brown outnumbered Sabu on many occasions, when Raven failed to watch Sabu's back. Raven waged a campaign against Sabu, disrespecting the memory of his uncle and assaulting Sabu's mouthpiece, Sonjay Dutt, until Sabu finally broke and attacked him on July 23. Raven defeated Sabu in a No Holds Barred match on August 4, and a scheduled return match on August 18 was canceled after Sabu suffered a legitimate back injury. He also competed in the very first Monster's Ball match, with Abyss and Brown.[1]
NWA World Heavyweight Champion (2005–2006)
On June 19, 2005, Raven turned face and fulfilled his self-proclaimed destiny when he won the
On September 15, Raven lost the NWA Title to Jeff Jarrett in Oldcastle, Ontario, Canada, at a special event of
Raven returned to TNA on April 23, 2006 at the Lockdown pay-per-view, and reignited his feud with Zbyszko. They would end their feud at Victory Road in a Hair vs. Hair match which Raven won.
Serotonin (2006–2008)
He next feuded with Abyss and
Raven won a House of Fun match, on the August 9 episode of Impact!. He teamed with
Alliance with Dr. Stevie; EV 2.0 (2009–2010)
After an absence of more than a year, Raven surprised fans by returning to TNA on May 28, 2009. He returned as a heel by attacking Abyss with a Kendo stick with
On the November 12, 2009, episode of Impact!, Raven returned again to TNA attacking Abyss and throwing a fireball at
Raven returned to television four months later on the June 24 episode of Impact! showing signs of a face turn, appearing in the Impact! Zone crowd beside Stevie Richards and Tommy Dreamer.
Independent circuit and semi-retirement (2008–present)
In 2008, Raven appeared in
Levy was the heavyweight champion of CWA Pro Wrestling, an
In 2009, Raven regularly wrestled for Collective League of Adrenaline Strength and Honor, NWA Charlotte and Showtime Allstar Wrestling. On August 2, 2009, Raven defeated reigning champion Preston Quinn to win the Vanguard Championship Wrestling World Heavyweight Title in Norfolk, Virginia at the NorVa. Post match, Larry Zbyszko and Raven had a war of words, where Raven challenged Zbyszko to find an opponent to face him for the VCW World Title, a match which he consequently won. In November, he wrestled all across Europe, touring with American Wrestling Rampage.
In January 2010, Raven took on Chris Harris for the PICW Heavyweight Championship and lost. At Bloodymania IV, in the main event Raven took on Corporal Robinson and Mike Knox in a triple threat match for the JCW Heavyweight Championship where Robinson retained his championship.
At JCW Legends and Icons, he was involved in a seven way "Philly Madness" match which included former ECW stars such as Sabu, Shane Douglas and the eventual winner, Rhino. Two days later at
On April 28, 2012, Raven debuted for Extreme Rising in a dark match against Gary Wolfe ending in a no contest. On October 27, Raven appeared for Niagara Falls, Ontario-based promotion Busted Knuckle Pro Wrestling's Apocalypse event, defeating Eddie Osborne in a Clockwork Orange House of Fun match. During the match, Raven threw out his shoulder while performing a DDT, but still finished the match, despite being hit with several chair shots and even going through a table after the DDT was performed. After the match, he cut a promo putting over all of the young stars in the promotion as well as Osborne, congratulating the promotion on doing a great job so far in his eyes. On November 11 at Extreme Rising, Raven took on Stevie Richards in a loser leaves town match which ended in a no contest.
In the early part of 2013, Raven toured Europe wrestling for various promotions in various countries including Germany and the Netherlands. On May 24, Raven reunited with Perry Saturn in a tag team Raven's Rules match for
Impact Wrestling (2018, 2019, 2020, 2022)
On the December 6, 2018, episode of Impact!, Raven appeared as a mental patient helping Eddie Edwards escape Sandy Acres mental hospital giving Edwards a key card to get out of the hospital.[85][86]
On the January 3, 2019, episode of
On March 31, 2020, during the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling Special!, Raven made an appearance helping Tommy Dreamer during an altercation with oVe afterwards he attacked Dreamer hitting him with a kendo stick following a match between Rhino and Madman Fulton.[88][89]
On July 1, 2022, at
On September 23, 2022, at Victory Road, it was announced that Raven would be inducted into the Impact Hall of Fame.[92][93] On October 7, at Bound for Glory, during the pre-show Raven was inducted into the Hall of Fame by Tommy Dreamer.[94]
Major League Wrestling (2023–present)
In the summer of 2022, segments aired showing members of the Major League Wrestling (MLW) roster laid out, each with a calling card on their body. On March 7, 2023, Raven made his appearance known in an MLW video revealing himself as the leader of a heel stable known as The Calling—consisting of Rickey Shane Page and Akira, Delirious, Dr. Cornwallus, and Mandy Leon—who would attack wrestlers during their matches. April 8, 2023, he participated in Battle Riot V as the seventeenth entrant, before eliminating himself by going over the top rope.
Other media
Filmography
Film
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1999 | The Jesse Ventura Story | Himself | |
2008 | Death Racers | The Reaper | |
2012 | Sleeper
|
Resnik | |
2013 | Cool as Hell | Himself |
Television
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1996 | Swift Justice | Franco | Episode: Sex, Death and Rock 'n' Roll |
1998 | MTV Ultimate Music Video Feud | Himself | |
1999 | MTV Beach Brawl | Himself | |
1999 | Win Ben Stein's Money | Himself | |
1999 | Donny & Marie | Himself |
Comedy
In 2010, Levy began working as a stand-up comic, taking part in Bob Levy's Levy World Order comedy tour.[95]
Music videos
Along with
In 2011, Raven starred in the music video "Owata" by the
Merchandising
According to the Wrestling Figure Checklist, there are 18 different Raven action figures from WWE, TNA, WCW and ECW, making him one of few wrestlers to have one from these four major promotions.[96][97]
Podcast
Raven currently hosts the podcast "The Raven Effect" with heralded professional wrestling play by play man Rich Bocchini and Joseph Feeney III of The Creative Control Network. Earlier hosts include Busby Berkeley, The Pelican and Johnny Swinger.
Personal life
Levy possesses an IQ of 143 and is a member of Mensa and the Theta Chi fraternity.[98][99] He suffers from type 2 diabetes,[100] and has also been diagnosed with borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorder.[101] Levy married in January 2007, but announced on Twitter in March 2013 that he and his wife had divorced.[102][103]
Levy is a lifelong fan of comic books. In Wizard Magazine's May 1999 issue, Levy is quoted as saying
I love the
Frank Miller's stuff. Inhumansis also great. It could be the break-out book of the year because they're finally treating them as real characters instead of just freaks and monsters with no personality.
The article goes on to say that he is a big fan of
Levy, along with former colleague
Championships and accomplishments
- Australasian Wrestling Federation
- Extreme Championship Wrestling
- 2 times)[107]
- ECW World Tag Team Championship (4 times) – with Stevie Richards (2), Tommy Dreamer (1) and Mike Awesome (1)[58]
- Extreme Wrestling Federation
- EWF Championship (1 time)
- Great Championship Wrestling
- GCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)[108]
- Heartland Wrestling Association
- Juggalo Championship Wrestling
- JCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Sexy Slim Goody[110]
- Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation
- 1 time)[111]
- National Wrestling Alliance
- National Wrestling Federation
- NWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)[113]
- NWA Total Nonstop Action/Total Nonstop Action Wrestling/Impact Wrestling
- King of the Mountain (2005)[115]
- 2003 – Heavyweight)[116]
- TNA Hall of Fame (2022)[117]
- Pacific Northwest Wrestling
- NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (3 times)[118]
- NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Top Gun (1), The Grappler (1), and Steve Doll (1)[119]
- NWA Pacific Northwest Television Championship (1 time)[120]
- Pro-Pain Pro Wrestling
- Pro Wrestling Illustrated
- Ring Around The Northwest Newsletter
- Wrestler of the Year (1989–1990)[124]
- United States Xtreme Wrestling
- UXW Heavyweight Championship (4 times)[125]
- United States Wrestling Association
- Brian Christopher[126]
- United States Wrestling Organization
- USWO Heavyweight Championship (1 time)[127]
- USA Pro Wrestling
- Vanguard Championship Wrestling
- VCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)[130]
- World Championship Wrestling
- World Wrestling Entertainment
Luchas de Apuestas record
Winner (wager) | Loser (wager) | Location | Event | Date | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shane Douglas (hair) | Raven (hair) | Nashville, Tennessee | NWA-TNA Weekly PPV #62 | September 17, 2003 | [136] |
See also
- List of Jewish professional wrestlers
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Milner, John. "Raven". Canoe.com. Quebecor Media. Archived from the original on May 19, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
- ^ ]
- ^ a b c d "Biography". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
- ^ a b Fishman, Scott. "Raven Interview". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
- ^ a b Meltzer, Dave (August 7, 1989). "Wrestling Observer Newsletter". Wrestling Observer Newsletter.
- ^ a b c d "Raven". WWE.com. WWE. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ISBN 978-1-61321-582-1.
- ^ ]
- ^ "The Sandman". WWE.com. WWE. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
- ^ Clapp, John (October 16, 2014). "The 16 most decorated champions in WWE history". WWE.com. WWE. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ^ Murphy, Ryan (May 17, 2013). "8 things you didn't know about the Hardcore Title". WWE.com. WWE. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ^ Oliver, Sean;Scott Levy (August 29, 2016). Breaking Kayfabe: Scott Levy (video). Kayfabe Commentaries. Event occurs at 0:15. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
- ^ Sun-Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. November 5, 1999. Archived from the originalon February 16, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
- Canoe.ca. Quebecor Media. Archived from the original on February 22, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2015.)
And, under his real name of Scott Levy, he holds a degree in criminal justice from University of Delaware.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link - ^ "YouTube". www.youtube.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015.
- ^ Rinaldi, Ray (July 5, 1987). "Searching for the shape of Hulks to come". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
- ^ "1990". thehistoryofwwe.com. January 16, 2023.
- ^ "The SLAM! Wrestling Raven interview". December 5, 1997.
- ISBN 978-0-7566-4190-0.
- ^ "1994". thehistoryofwwe.com. January 16, 2023.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-61321-582-1.
- ISBN 978-1-4165-6156-9.
- ISBN 978-1-55490-331-3.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: January 1995". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: February 1995". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: March 1995". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: April 1995". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ISBN 978-1-4165-1312-4.
- ]
- ISBN 978-1-61321-582-1.
- ^ a b "Raven results match archive: June 1995". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: July 1995". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- Canoe.ca. Quebecor Media. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: August 1995". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: October 1995". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: November 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: December 1995". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ a b "Raven results match archive: January 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: May 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: June 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: June 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-55490-331-3.
- ]
- ^ "Raven results match archive: September 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: August 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 1, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ISBN 978-1-4165-6156-9.
- ISBN 978-1-61321-582-1.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: October 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: October 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: December 1996". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 14, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Raven results match archive: February 1997". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: March 1997". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: April 1997". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ a b "Raven results match archive: June 1997". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ^ "Raven results match archive: May 1997". TheRavenEffect.com. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
- ISBN 978-1-55490-268-2.
- ISBN 978-1-55490-255-2.
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- ^ Keller, Wade (January 4, 2009). "KELLER'S TNA IMPACT LIVE REPORT: Jeff Hardy, NWO reunion, Hulk Hogan, TNA Knockout Title match, more surprises". PWTorch. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
- ^ Wilkenfeld, Daniel (February 18, 2010). "WILKENFELD'S TNA IMPACT REPORT: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Spike TV broadcast". PWTorch. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
- ^ Wilkenfeld, Daniel (June 24, 2010). "Wilkenfeld's TNA Impact report 6/24: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Spike TV broadcast". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- ^ Keller, Wade (July 1, 2010). "TNA Impact results 7/1: Keller's ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Spike TV show – Abyss vs. Hardy, RVD refs". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ^ Caldwell, James (July 12, 2010). "TNA News: TNA Impact TV taping "virtual-time coverage" for Thursday's episode". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
- ^ Martin, Adam (July 13, 2010). "Spoilers: TNA Impact for this Thursday". WrestleView. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
- ^ Martin, Adam (July 15, 2010). "Impact Results". WrestleView. Archived from the original on July 19, 2010. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
- ^ Wilkenfeld, Daniel (July 22, 2010). "Wilkenfeld's TNA Impact report 7/22: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Spike TV broadcast". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
- ^ Keller, Wade (July 29, 2010). "Keller's TNA Impact report 7/29: Tommy Dreamer announces new name for ECW faction, Hulk Hogan addresses situation". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ Wilkenfeld, Daniel (August 5, 2010). "Wilkenfeld's TNA Impact report 8/5: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Spike TV broadcast". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ Caldwell, James (August 8, 2010). "Caldwell's TNA Hardcore Justice PPV results 8/8: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of ECW-themed PPV headlined by RVD vs. Sabu". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
- ^ Tomich, Kevin (August 9, 2010). "TNA News: Spoilers – detailed Impact TV taping report for "Whole F'n Show" featuring new angle, MOTY candidate?, three title matches". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
- Canoe.ca. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
- ^ Caldwell, James (October 10, 2010). "Caldwell's TNA Bound for Glory PPV results 10-10-10: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV – Angle vs. Anderson vs. Hardy, "they" reveal". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
- ^ Caldwell, James (November 7, 2010). "Caldwell's TNA Turning Point PPV results 11/7: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV – Hardy vs. Morgan, EV2 vs. Fortune, Team 3D "retirement" match". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Wilkenfeld, Daniel (November 18, 2010). "Wilkenfeld's TNA Impact report 11/18: Complete "virtual time" coverage of Spike TV broadcast". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
- ^ Caldwell, James (November 10, 2010). "TNA News: Another EV2 member cut from TNA – Raven finishes up at this week's Impact TV tapings (minor spoiler)". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
- ^ Goodman, Larry (November 13, 2010). "TNA house show report 11-12 Nashville". Wrestling Observer Newsletter. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ Creator and Producer: Insane Clown Posse (July 17, 2008). "Slam TV Season 2 – Episode 2". SlamTV!. Season 2. Evansville, Indiana. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021.
- ^ Creator and Producer: Insane Clown Posse (July 25, 2008). "Slam TV Season 2 – Episode 3". SlamTV!. Season 2. Springfield, Illinois. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021.
- ^ Creator and Producer: Insane Clown Posse (July 31, 2008). "Slam TV Season 2 – Episode 4". SlamTV!. Season 2. St. Louis, Missouri. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021.
- ^ "JCW: Gathering of the Juggalos 2009: Bloodymania III". Match Results. Raven. September 7, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ^ "Impact Results – 12/6/18 (Mixed Tag Team Main Event, Ultimate X Qualifying Matches)". December 7, 2018.
- ^ "Raven Helps Eddie Edwards Escape the Insane Asylum - IMPACT! Highlights Dec 6, 2018". YouTube.
- ^ "IMPACT Wrestling Results 1/3/19: Wrestlingheadlines". January 4, 2019.
- ^ ""TNA: One Night Only" Special: Rhino Vs. Madman Fulton, Hernandez Vs. Chase Stevens, Scott Steiner". March 31, 2020.
- ^ "Rhino vs. Madman Fulton - TNA March 31, 2020". Facebook.
- ^ "Raven to Appear Live at IMPACT Wrestling Against All Odds". June 28, 2022.
- ^ "Impact Against All Odds recap: Raven's Clockwork Orange House of Fun delivered". July 2, 2022.
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- ^ Martin, Adam (December 11, 2010). "Raven on stand up comedy, ECW crowds, more". WrestleView. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
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External links
- Official website
- Raven on WWE.com
- Raven's profile at Cagematch.net , Wrestlingdata.com , Internet Wrestling Database
- Scott Levy at IMDb