Johor Bahru
Johor Bahru | ||
---|---|---|
Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque, and the Figure Museum | ||
District Johor Bahru | | |
Administrative areas | List | |
Founded | 10 March 1855 (as Tanjung Puteri) | |
Establishment of the local government | 1933 | |
Establishment of the Town Board | 1950 | |
Municipality status | 1 April 1977 | |
City status | 1 January 1994 | |
Government | ||
• Type | Postal code 80xxx to 81xxx | |
Area code(s) | 07 | |
Vehicle registration | J | |
Website | www |
Johor Bahru (Malaysian: [ˈdʒohor ˈbahru]), colloquially referred to as JB, is the capital city of the state of Johor, Malaysia and the core city of Johor Bahru District, the second largest district in Malaysia by population.[4] It is the second-largest GDP contributor among all major cities in Malaysia,[5] and forms a part of Iskandar Malaysia, the nation's largest special economic zone by investment value.[6] The city has a population of 858,118 people within an area of 391.25 km2.
As the financial centre and logistics hub of southern Peninsular Malaysia, Johor Bahru has been ranked the second-most competitive city in the nation, behind only Kuala Lumpur.[7] Geographically, it is located at the southern end of Peninsular Malaysia, along the north bank of the Straits of Johor, opposite the city-state Singapore. The city serves as one of the two land border connections on the Malaysian side between Singapore and Malaysia, the other being the Second Link at Iskandar Puteri. It is the busiest international border crossing in the world; its direct land link to the city-state through the causeway and the RTS Link is a key economic driver of the border city. Johor Bahru is categorised as Zone A of Iskandar Malaysia and is adjacent to Senai International Airport and the 16th-busiest port in the world, Port of Tanjung Pelepas.
During the reign of Sultan Abu Bakar, there was further development and modernisation within the city; with the construction of administrative buildings, schools, religious buildings, and railways connecting to Woodlands in Singapore. Along with most of Southeast Asia, Japanese forces occupied Johor Bahru from 1942 to 1945 during the Pacific War. Johor Bahru became the cradle of Malay nationalism after the war and a major political party known as the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) was founded at the Istana Besar of Johor Bahru in 1946. After the formation of Malaysia in 1963, Johor Bahru retained its status as state capital and was granted city status in 1994.
Etymology
The present area of Johor Bahru was originally known as Tanjung Puteri, and was a fishing village of the
The city was also once known as "Little Swatow (Shantou)" by the Chinese community in Johor Bahru, as most of Johor Bahru's Chinese residents are Teochew people whose ancestry can be traced back to Shantou, China. They arrived in the mid 19th century, during the reign of Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim.[15] The city, however, is generally known in Chinese as Xinshan meaning "New Mountain" (Chinese: 新山; pinyin: Xīnshān) as "mountain" may be used to mean "territory" or "land". The name "New Mountain" distinguished it from the "Old Mountain" (Jiushan) once used to refer to Kranji and Sembawang in Singapore on the opposite side of the Straits of Johor, where Chinese first cultivated pepper and gambier in plantations before the Chinese moved to new land in Johor Bahru to create new plantations in 1855.[16][17]
History
Due to a dispute between the Malays and the
As the area was still an undeveloped jungle, Temenggong encouraged the migration of Chinese and Javanese to clear the land and to develop an agricultural economy in Johor.[23] The Chinese planted the area with black pepper and gambier,[24] while the Javanese dug parit (canals) to drain water from the land, build roads and plant coconuts.[25] During this time, a Chinese businessman, pepper and gambier cultivator, Wong Ah Fook arrived; at the same time, the Kangchu and Javanese labour contract systems were introduced by the Chinese and Javanese communities.[23][26][27] After Temenggong's death on 31 January 1862, the town was renamed "Johor Bahru" and his position was succeeded by his son, Abu Bakar, with the administration centre in Telok Blangah being moved to the area in 1889.[9]
British administration
In the first phase of Abu Bakar's administration, the British only recognised him as a
In Johor Bahru, the Malay Peninsula railway extension was finished in 1909,[33] and in 1923 the Johor–Singapore Causeway was completed.[34] Johor Bahru developed at a modest rate between the First and Second World Wars. The secretariat building—Sultan Ibrahim Building—was completed in 1940 as the British colonial government attempted to streamline the state's administration.[35]
World War II
The continuous development of Johor Bahru was, however, halted when
In less than a month, the Japanese repaired the causeway and invaded the Singapore island easily.
Post-independence
After the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963,
Governance
As the capital city of Johor, the city plays an important role in the economic welfare of the entire state's population. There is one member of parliament (MP) representing the single parliamentary constituency (P.160) in the city. The city also elects two representatives to the state legislature from the state assembly districts of Larkin and Stulang.[52]
Local authority and city definition
The city is administered by the
Courts of law and legal enforcement
The
Geography
Johor Bahru is located along the Straits of Johor at the southern end of Peninsular Malaysia.[66] Originally, the city area was only 12.12 km2 (4.68 sq mi) in 1933 before it was expanded to over 220 km2 (85 sq mi) in 2000.[1]
Climate
The city has an equatorial climate with consistent temperatures, a considerable amount of rain, and high humidity throughout the course of the year. An equatorial climate is a
Climate data for Johor Bahru (Senai International Airport, 2016–2023) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) |
32.3 (90.1) |
33.2 (91.8) |
33.4 (92.1) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.4 (90.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.3 (90.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.6 (74.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.0 (75.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 206.9 (8.15) |
152.5 (6.00) |
178.1 (7.01) |
229.2 (9.02) |
224.8 (8.85) |
201.3 (7.93) |
169.7 (6.68) |
160.9 (6.33) |
244.4 (9.62) |
234.5 (9.23) |
302.9 (11.93) |
240.7 (9.48) |
2,545.9 (100.23) |
Average precipitation days | 11.1 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 14.8 | 15.9 | 15.0 | 12.4 | 11.2 | 13.9 | 15.8 | 17.2 | 14.8 | 162.2 |
Source: Meteomanz[70] |
Demographics
Johor Bahru has an official
Ethnicity and religion
The
The following is based on Department of Statistics Malaysia 2010 census.[3]
Ethnic groups in Johor Bahru, 2010 | ||
---|---|---|
Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
Malay | 240,323 | 48.35% |
Other Bumiputras |
5,374 | 1.98% |
Chinese |
172,609 | 34.73% |
Indian |
73,319 | 13.70% |
Others | 2,957 | 0.59% |
Non-Malaysian | 2,585 | 1.57% |
Total | 497,067 | 100.00% |
Languages
The local ethnic Malays speak the Malay language,
The Indian community predominantly speaks Tamil, with a minority of Malayalam, Telugu and Punjabi speakers. The English language (or Manglish) is also used considerably,[citation needed] albeit more so among the older generation, who have attended school during the British rule.[75]
Economy
Johor Bahru is one of the fastest-growing cities in Malaysia after
The city has a very close economic relationship with Singapore. There are around 3,000 logistic lorries crossing between Johor Bahru and Singapore every day for delivering goods between the two sides for trading activities.[83] Many residents in Singapore frequently visit the city during the weekends; some of them have also chosen to live in the city.[76][77][78][84][85] Many of the city's residents work in Singapore.[86][87] Over the last 12 months, the median residential property price in Johor Bahru has been RM488,000, with a price per square foot of RM335.48.[88] For commercial properties, the median transaction price has been RM627,235, with a price per square foot of RM516.13.[89]
Transportation
Land
The internal roads linking different parts of the city are mostly
Bus
The main bus terminal of the city is the Larkin Sentral located in Larkin.[91] Other bus terminals include Taman Johor Jaya Bus Terminal[92] and Ulu Tiram Bus Terminal.[93] Larkin Sentral has direct bus services to and from many destinations in West Malaysia, southern Thailand and Singapore, while Taman Johor Jaya and Ulu Tiram Bus Terminals serve local destinations.[91] Major bus operators in the city are Causeway Link, Maju and S&S. It is possible to get around the city by bus, though the frequency of the bus might be an issue.
Taxi
Two types of taxis operate in the city; the main taxi is either in red and yellow, blue, green or red while the larger, less common type is known as a
Railway
The city is served by two railway stations, which are
Air
The city is served by Senai International Airport located at the neighbouring Senai town and connected through Skudai Highway.[97] Four airlines, AirAsia (and its subsidiaries Indonesia AirAsia and Thai AirAsia), Firefly, Malaysia Airlines, Batik Air Malaysia and formerly Xpress Air, provide flights domestically as well as international flights to Jakarta Soekarno–Hatta, Surabaya, Hồ Chí Minh City, and Bangkok Don Mueang.[98][99] The nearest major airport is Changi Airport in Singapore located 36.3 KM from the city centre.
Sea
Boat services are available to ports in Batam and Bintan Islands in Indonesia from Stulang Laut Ferry Terminal, located near the suburb of Stulang.[97][100]
Other utilities
Healthcare
There are three
Education
Many government or state schools are available in the city. The
Libraries
The Johor State Library, also known as the Johor Public Library Corporation headquarters is the main library in the state, located off Yahya Awal Road.[111] Another public library branch is the University Park in Kebudayaan Road, while there are other libraries or private libraries in schools, colleges, and universities.[112] Two village libraries are available in the district of Johor Bahru.[113]
Culture and leisure
Attractions and recreation spots
Cultural attractions
There are a number of cultural attractions in Johor Bahru. The Royal Abu Bakar Museum located within the Grand Palace building is the main museum in the city. The Johor Bahru Kwong Siew Heritage located in Wong Ah Fook Street housed the former Cantonese clan house that was donated by Wong Ah Fook.[114] The Foon Yew High School houses many historical documents of the city history with a Chinese cultural heritage.[115][116][117] The Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum on Ibrahim Road includes the history of Chinese migration to Johor along with a collection of documents, photos, and other artefacts.[118][119]
The Johor Art Gallery in Petrie Road is a house gallery built in 1910, known as the house for the former third Chief Minister of Johor, Abdullah Jaafar. The house features old architecture and became the centre for the collection of artefacts related to Johor's cultural history since its renovation in 2000.[117]
Historical attractions
The Grand Palace is one of the historical attractions in the city, and is an example of
Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque, located along Skudai Road, is the main and the oldest mosque in the state. It was built with a combination of
Leisure and conservation areas
The Danga Bay is a 25 kilometres (16 mi) area of recreational waterfront. There are around 15 established golf courses, of which two offer 36-hole facilities; most of these are located within resorts. The city also features several paintball parks which are also used for off-road motorsports activities.[119]
The
Other attractions
Dataran Bandaraya was built after Johor Bahru was proclaimed as a city. The site features a clock tower, fountain and a large field.[117] The Wong Ah Fook Street is named after Wong Ah Fook. The Tan Hiok Nee Street is named after Tan Hiok Nee, who was the leader of the former Ngee Heng Kongsi, a secret society in Johor Bahru. Together with the Dhoby Street, both are part of a trail known as Old Buildings Road; they feature a mixture of Chinese and Indian heritages, reflected by their forms of ethnic business and architecture.[119][120]
Shopping
The Mawar Handicrafts Centre, a government-funded exhibition and sales centre, is located along the Sungai Chat road and sells various batik and songket clothes.[39] Opposite this is the Johor Area Rehabilitation Organisation (JARO) Handicrafts Centre which sells items such as hand-made cane furniture, soft toys and rattan baskets made by the physically disabled.[119][128]
Entertainment
The oldest cinema in the city is the Broadway Theatre which mostly screens Tamil and Hindi movies. There are around other five cinemas available in the city with all of them located inside shopping malls.[119]
Sports
The city's main association football club is a Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C. Its home stadium is Sultan Ibrahim Stadium has a capacity of around 40,000. There is also a futsal centre, known as Sports Prima, which has eight minimum-sized FIFA approved futsal courts; it is the largest indoor sports centre in the city.[129]
Radio stations
Two radio stations have their offices in the city: Best FM (104.1)[130] and Johor FM (101.9).[131]
Crime
Johor Bahru is notorious for its relatively high crime rate, compared to other urban areas in Malaysia. In 2014, Johor Bahru South police district recorded one of the highest crime rates in the country with 4,151 cases, behind Petaling Jaya.[132] In 2013, the city also accounted for 70% of crimes committed in the entire state of Johor, with a Johor police spokesman admitting that Johor Bahru remained a crime hotspot within the state.[133] Crime in Johor Bahru has also received substantial media coverage by the Singaporean press, as Singaporeans visiting or transiting through the neighbouring city are often targeted by criminals.[133][134][135]
Among the more common criminal cases in Johor Bahru are robberies, snatch theft, carjacking, kidnapping and rape.[133][136][137] Gang and unarmed robberies accounted for about 76% of the city's criminal cases in 2013 alone.[136] Illegal car cloning is also rampant in the city.[138] In addition, Johor Bahru's reputation for sleaze still exists, with some areas in the city centre turning into red-light districts, despite prostitution being illegal in Malaysia.[139][140]
International relations
Several countries have set up their consulates in Johor Bahru, including Indonesia[141] and Singapore, while Japan has closed its consular office since 2014.[142]
Twin towns – Sister cities
Johor Bahru's
In popular culture
Movies
- Punggok Rindukan Bulan (2008)
Notable people
- Christina Jordan (born 1962), Malaysian-born British politician[147]
- Vivien Yeo (born 1984), Malaysian actress based in Hong Kong
- Gin Lee (born 1987), Malaysian singer based in Hong Kong
- Robert Kuok (born 1923), Business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. Top 100 wealthiest people in world.
- Ng Tze Yong (born 2000), national badminton player[148]
- Ronny Chieng (born 1985), Malaysian comedian and actor based in United States
- Johor Royal Family
- Sebastian Francis, (born 1959), fifth bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Penang and cardinal of the Catholic Church
See also
- Johor Bahru landmarks
- Johor Bahru Central District
Notes
- trishaw in Singapore that led to the racial conflict between Malay and Chinese there. At the first stage of the conflict, it was alleged the murder was done by a Chinese but this was however turned down when further investigation revealed the murder was actually done by Indonesian agents who had infiltrate Singapore in an attempt to weakening the unity of race there during the state was still part of Malaysia. (Drysdale, Halim and Jamie)
References
- ^ a b c "Background (Total Area)". Johor Bahru City Council. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ^ "Malaysia Elevation Map (Elevation of Johor Bahru)". Flood Map : Water Level Elevation Map. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Total population by ethnic group, Local Authority area and state, Malaysia" (PDF). Statistics Department, Malaysia. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
- ^ "DOSM: Petaling district has highest population, density in 2023". www.thesundaily.my. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ "Achieving A System of Competitive Cities in Malaysia: Main Report" (PDF). World Bank Group & Khazanah Nasional. November 2015.
- ^ Lee, Shaun (14 January 2019). "An international metropolis 13 years in the making". DHL Logistics of Things. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ Ni Pengfei,Marco Kamiya, Guo Jing, Zhang Yi, etc. "Global Urban Competitiveness Report (2020-2021)" (PDF). United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ISBN 978-983-99554-1-5.
- ^ a b c "Background of Johor Bahru City Council and History of Johor Bahru" (PDF). Malaysian Digital Repository. 12 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-8103-2059-8.
- ISBN 978-1-4834-1507-9.
- ISBN 978-9971-69-508-8.
- ISBN 9781566910026.
- ^ Library of Congress (2009). Library of Congress Subject Headings. Library of Congress. pp. 4017–.
- ^ a b "Keeping the art of Teochew opera alive". New Straits Times. AsiaOne. 24 July 2010. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ISBN 9798201638450.
- ISBN 9789812323699.
- ISBN 978-0-7735-7087-0.
- ^ Kanji Nishio (2007). Bangsa and Politics: Melayu-Bugis Relations in Johor-Riau and Riau-Lingga.
- ISBN 978-967-933-717-4.
- ^ "Johor Treaty is signed". National Library Board. 10 March 1855. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ a b Abdul Ghani Hamid (3 October 1988). "Tengku Ali serah Johor kepada Temenggung (Kenangan Sejarah)" (in Malay). Berita Harian. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ a b c "History of the Johor Sultanate". Coronation of HRH Sultan Ibrahim. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- ^ a b S. Muthiah (19 June 2015). "The city that gambier built". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ISBN 978-9971-69-376-3.
- ISBN 978-981-230-027-0.
- ^ Patricia (2002), p. 129–132
- ^ ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-971-0321-03-2.
- ISBN 978-981-4155-98-4.
- ISBN 978-967-10617-3-2.
- ^ "Johor is brought under British control". National Library Board. 12 May 1914. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ Winstedt (1992), p. 141
- ^ Winstedt (1992), p. 143
- ^ Oakley (2009), p. 181
- ^ ISBN 978-981-230-037-9.
- ^ Richard Reid. "War for the Empire: Malaya and Singapore, Dec 1941 to Feb 1942". Australian War Memorial. Australia-Japan Research Project. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- ]
- ^ ISBN 978-962-593-179-1.
- ISBN 978-0-7923-0876-8.
- ISBN 978-1-57607-770-2.
- ISBN 978-3-643-80085-5.
- ISBN 978-0-7748-4440-6.
- ISBN 978-981-4634-70-0.
- ^ K. Vara (16 February 1989). "Quiet town with a troubled past". New Straits Times. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "Indonesian Confrontation, 1963–66". Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ Mohamed Effendy Abdul Hamid; Kartini Saparudin (2014). "MacDonald House bomb explosion". National Library Board. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ a b "Background" (in English and Malay). Johor Bahru City Council. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ISBN 978-983-068-464-2.
- )
- ^ Rachel Chew (16 January 2019). "JB's high-rise residences vacancy rate expected to hit an unprecedented above 50% this year". www.edgeprop.my. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ "List of Parliamentary Elections Parts and State Legislative Assemblies on Every States". Ministry of Information Malaysia. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ^ "Sesi 'Clock In' Datuk Bandar MBJB Ke 11 Tuan Haji Amran bin A.Rahman". Johor Bahru City Council (in Malay). 23 July 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
- ^ "Mayor's Profile". Johor Bahru City Council. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Administrative areas of Johor Bahru City Council". Johor Bahru City Council. Archived from the original on 27 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ "MBJB laksana kaedah pentadbiran baharu" (in Malay). Sinar Online. 17 July 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
- ^ "Johor Baru mayor arrested over alleged kickbacks from building projects," The Straits Times, 11 August 2021, retrieved 26 August 2021
- ^ a b "Senarai Mahkamah Johor" (in Malay). Johor Law Courts Official Website. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Johore Syariah Court Directory". E-Syariah Malaysia. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Johor Police Contingent". Johor Police Contingent. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Direktori PDRM Johor – Johor Bahru (Utara)" (in Malay). Royal Malaysia Police. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Direktori PDRM Johor – Johor Bahru (Selatan)" (in Malay). Royal Malaysia Police. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ Prison Department of Malaysia. 12 December 2007. Archived from the originalon 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Prison Address & Directory". Prison Department of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Soalan Lazim (Frequently Asked Questions)" (in Malay). Prison Department of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ISBN 978-1-4020-3654-5.
- ^ "Weather Data For Johor Bahru". Weatherbase. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Johor Bahru". World Meteorological Organisation. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
- ^ "Malaysia". Climates To Travel. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "SYNOP/BUFR observations. Data by months". Meteomanz. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
- ^ Nelson Benjamin (28 April 2015). "Sultan wants all Johoreans to unite". The Star. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-11-086454-0.
- S2CID 164700929.
- ISBN 978-962-209-731-5.
- The Malay Mail. 28 December 2015. Archived from the originalon 28 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ a b c "Johor Bahru, a city on the move". South China Morning Post. 31 August 1996. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- ^ DetikCom. Archived from the originalon 26 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- ^ a b "Menikmati Johor Bahru Selangkah dari Singapura" (in Indonesian). Jawa Pos Group. 4 July 2015. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Flagship A: Johor Bahru City". Iskandar Regional Development Authority. Iskandar Malaysia. Archived from the original on 27 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ "46th EAROPH Regional Conference, Iskandar, Malaysia, Thistle Hotel, Johor Bahru" (PDF). Eastern Regional Organisation for Planning and Housing. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ "8th WIEF Johor Bahru, Malaysia". 8th World Islamic Economic Forum. 2012. Archived from the original on 27 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ "Low carbon city report focus on Johor Bahru, Malaysia". British High Commission, Kuala Lumpur. Government of the United Kingdom. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ "Malaysian transport, logistics providers welcome change in Woodlands Checkpoint toll charges". The Straits Times. 9 January 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
- ^ "JB calling". The Straits Times. 7 July 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ Tash Aw (13 May 2015). "With more Singaporeans in Iskandar, signs of accelerating détente with Malaysia". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- ^ Zazali Musa (14 July 2015). "Lure of the Singapore dollar". The Star. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- ^ "More M'sians prefer to earn S'pore wages". Daily Express. 15 July 2015. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- ^ "Residential Transaction Prices in Johor Bahru, Johor | Propertygenie.com.my". Property Genie | Transaction and Statistics. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
- ^ "Commercial Transaction Prices in Johor | Propertygenie.com.my". Property Genie | Transaction and Statistics. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
- ^ "Chapter 15: Urban Linkage System (Section B: Planning and Implementation)" (PDF). Iskandar Malaysia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ a b "Larkin Bus Terminal". Express Bus Malaysia. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Johor Jaya Bus Terminal". Land Transport Guru. September 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "Ulu Tiram Bus Terminal". Land Transport Guru. September 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "Johor Bahru Taxi". Taxi Johor Bahru. Archived from the original on 20 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "From Singapore to KL by train". The Malaysia Site. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Singapore to Malaysia in just 5 minutes? It's now possible". The Straits Times/Asia News Network. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 5 July 2015. Archived from the original on 20 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-74059-708-1.
- ^ "Malaysia's new airline in $1.5bn deal with Bombardier". BBC News. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
- ^ John Gilbert (30 October 2015). "October Launch For Flymojo Cancelled". The Malaysian Reserve. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ "Stulang Laut Ferry Terminal". Easybook. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ^ "Direktori Hospital-Hospital Kerajaan" (in Malay). Johor State Health Department. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ Newcastle University Medical School. p. 15. Archived from the original(PDF) on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Direktori Hospital-Hospital Kerajaan" (in Malay). Johor State Health Department. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "About Us". KPJ Puteri Specialist Hospital. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Healthcare projects in Iskandar Malaysia". Iskandar Regional Development Authority. Iskandar Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "SENARAI SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI NEGERI JOHOR (List of Secondary Schools in Johor) – See Johor" (PDF). Educational Management Information System. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ "Private School". Austin Heights. Archived from the original on 4 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ "Home". Excelsior International School. Archived from the original on 4 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ "About Us (An Overview)". International School Johor. Archived from the original on 4 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ "Home" (in Malay). Kolej Pengajian Islam Johor. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
- ^ "Lokasi Perbadanan Perpustakaan Awam Johor" (in Malay). Johor Public Library. Archived from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ "Perpustakaan Cawangan Seluruh Negeri Johor (Public Branches whole over the state of Johor)" (in Malay). Johor Public Library. Archived from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ "Perpustakaan Desa (Village Libraries)" (in Malay). Johor Public Library. Archived from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
- ^ Peggy Loh (18 December 2014). "Added advantage". New Straits Times. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ Lim Mun Fah (10 August 2007). "Rise Up, Foon Yew! Move On, Independent Schools!". Sin Chew Daily. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
- ^ Yee Xiang Yun (19 May 2013). "Great memories as Foon Yew High School turns 100". The Star. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f "Lokasi-lokasi Menarik Berhampiran HSAJB (Interesting Spots Near Sultanah Aminah Hospital)" (PDF) (in Malay). Sultanah Aminah Hospital. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ Natalya (14 April 2013). "Chinese Heritage Museum". Johor Travel. Archived from the original on 18 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Guide to Iskandar Malaysia's Places of Interests". Iskandar Regional Development Authority. Iskandar Malaysia. Archived from the original on 18 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ a b c "History, Heritage, Arts and Culture, Crafts" (PDF). Malaysian Urological Conference. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- National Archives. Archived from the originalon 30 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ "Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque". Tourism Malaysia. Archived from the original on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ Desiree Tresa Gasper (2 May 2014). "150-year-old building torn down in middle of the night". The Star. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ "Johor govt issues writ of summons against Wong Ah Fook mansion owner for demolishment". Antara Pos. 9 May 2014. Archived from the original on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ "Zoo Johor". Tourism Malaysia. Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ Dees Stribling. "Zoos in Johor, Malaysia". USA Today. Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ "Taman Merdeka Johor Bahru – Visit Malaysia 2020".
- ^ "Top 5 Places to Shop in Iskandar Malaysia". Iskandar Regional Development Authority. Iskandar Malaysia. Archived from the original on 20 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "About us". Sports Prima. Archived from the original on 4 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ Mohd al Qayum Azizi (12 February 2015). "Best FM Bakal Beroperasi Di KL Awal Tahun Depan" (in Malay). mStar. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 4 October 2015. Archived from the originalon 28 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ "6,500 Anggota Polis Baharu Setiap Tahun Untuk Atasi Jenayah" (in Malay). mStar. 18 March 2015. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ a b c Joseph Sipalan (11 November 2013). "Johor posts lower crime rate but capital still a hotspot, says top cop". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ "Top 10 crime zones in Johor Bahru". AsiaOne. 21 December 2015. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ Clarence Fernandez (22 March 2007). "Singapore and Malaysia's Johor -- so near, yet so far". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ hdl:10419/194428.
- ^ Farhana Syed Nokman (27 July 2017). "Johor has highest number of rape cases, Sabah tops incest numbers". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ Norbaiti Phaharoradzi (6 April 2016). "Johor cops cripple car-cloning syndicate". The Star. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ Ben Tan (6 October 2015). "JB still stuck with its past sleazy image". The Rakyat Post. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ Ng Si Hooi; Gan Pei Ling (17 July 2017). "Foreign call girls look for 'uncles' at JB coffeeshops". The Star. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ "Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia, Johor Bahru". Consulate General of Indonesia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- ^ "Consular Office of Japan (Johor Bahru)". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
- ^ Amanda (10 November 2016). "Changzhou, Johor Bahru of Malaysia become sister-cities". JSChina.com.cn. Archived from the original on 5 May 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
- ^ Yu Ji (27 August 2011). "Kuching bags one of only two coveted 'Tourist City Award' in Asia". The Star. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- ISBN 978-1-4462-5850-7.
- ^ "Relations between Turkey and Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- ^ "Home | Christina Sheila JORDAN | MEPs | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
- ^ Cheah Chor Sooi (7 August 2022). "No pushover Ng Tze Yong has stepped out of Lee Zii Jia's shadow". Focus Malaysia. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
Further reading
- Guinness, Patrick (1992). On the Margin of Capitalism: People and development in Mukim Plentong, Johor, Malaysia. South-East Asian social monographs. Singapore: Oxford University Press. p. 177. OCLC 231412873.
- Lim, Patricia Pui Huen (2002). Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur. Singapore: Times Editions. OCLC 52054305.
- Oakley, Mat; Brown, Joshua Samuel (2009). Singapore: city guide. Footscray, Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet. OCLC 440970648.
- Winstedt, Richard Olof; Kim, Khoo Kay (1992). A History of Johore, 1365–1941. M. B. R. A. S. Reprints (6) (Reprint ed.). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. OCLC 255968795.
- John Drysdale (15 December 2008). Singapore Struggle for Success. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. pp. 287–. ISBN 978-981-4677-67-7.
- Jamie Han (2014). "Communal riots of 1964". National Library Board. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
External links