Joint Operation Arvand
Joint Operation Arvand | |
---|---|
Part of the Persian Gulf Conflict and the Cold War | |
Location | Shatt al-Arab river, Iran–Iraq border |
Objective | Escorting Iranian shipping |
Date | 22–25 April 1969 |
Executed by | Iran
|
Outcome | Iranian tactical victory
|
Casualties | None |
The Joint Operation Arvand (
On 22 April 1969, Iranian merchant ship Ebn-e-Sina, carrying a cargo of steel beams and flying Iranian flag, was escorted by Iranian heavily armed naval vessels, as well as jet fighters[6] and proceeded through the river into the Persian Gulf, in an 80-mile journey which took about six hours.[1] However, the Iraqi forces did not attempt to respond as it pledged.[6]
Both countries strengthened their land forces along the river bank, stationing artillery, tanks and anti-aircraft weapons. Iranian troops were positioned in the vicinity of
As a result, Iraq expelled thousands of Iranian residents and pilgrims from its soil,[4][5] banned import of Iranian goods,[6] and began supporting separatists in Khuzestan and Balochistan.[4]
References
- ^ a b "Iranian Ship Challenges Iraq Estuary", The Advocate-Messenger, p. 16, 27 April 1969, retrieved 26 October 2017
- ^ Charles P. Wallace (19 August 1988), "Iran, Iraq Still Fail to Bridge Waterway Dispute", Los Angeles Times, retrieved 26 October 2017
- ^ "Dialogue With General Hassani Sadi", Negin-e-Iran (in Persian), 3 (9): 8–40, Summer 2004, archived from the original on 2018-08-01, retrieved 2017-10-25
- ^ ISBN 9781626160651.
- ^ ISBN 9781136834264.
- ^ ISBN 9781139464918.