Joop den Uyl
His Excellency Joop den Uyl | |
---|---|
Prime Minister of the Netherlands | |
In office 11 May 1973 – 19 December 1977 | |
Monarch | Juliana |
Deputy | See list
|
Preceded by | Jan de Koning |
President of the Party of European Socialists | |
In office 8 March 1980 – 19 May 1987 | |
Preceded by | Robert Pontillon |
Succeeded by | Vítor Constâncio |
Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Representatives | |
In office 16 September 1982 – 21 July 1986 | |
Preceded by | Wim Meijer |
Succeeded by | Wim Kok |
In office 16 January 1978 – 11 September 1981 | |
Preceded by | Ed van Thijn |
Succeeded by | Wim Meijer |
In office 8 June 1977 – 8 September 1977 | |
Preceded by | Ed van Thijn |
Succeeded by | Ed van Thijn |
In office 23 February 1967 – 11 May 1973 | |
Preceded by | Gerard Nederhorst |
Succeeded by | Ed van Thijn |
Leader of the Labour Party | |
In office 13 September 1966 – 21 July 1986 | |
Deputy | See list
|
Preceded by | Minister of Economic Affairs |
In office 14 April 1965 – 22 November 1966 | |
Prime Minister | Jo Cals |
Preceded by | Koos Andriessen |
Succeeded by | Joop Bakker |
Member of the House of Representatives | |
In office 16 September 1982 – 24 December 1987 | |
In office 16 January 1978 – 11 September 1981 | |
In office 8 June 1977 – 8 September 1977 | |
In office 23 February 1967 – 11 May 1973 | |
In office 6 November 1956 – 5 June 1963 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Johannes Marten den Uijl 9 August 1919 Hilversum, Netherlands |
Died | 24 December 1987 Amsterdam, Netherlands | (aged 68)
Cause of death | Brain tumor |
Political party | Labour Party (from 1946) |
Other political affiliations | Anti-Revolutionary Party (1937–1946) |
Spouse | |
Children | 7, including Saskia Noorman-den Uyl |
Alma mater | University of Amsterdam (BEc, M.Econ) |
Occupation | Politician · civil servant · economist · journalist · editor · author · activist |
Signature | |
Johannes Marten den Uijl, better known as Joop den Uyl (Dutch: [ˈjoːb dən ˈœyl] ⓘ;[1] 9 August 1919 – 24 December 1987) was a Dutch politician and economist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1973 to 1977. He was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA).[2][3]
Den Uyl studied Economics at the
The Cabinet collapsed on 22 March 1977 following years of tensions in the ruling coalition. During the
Den Uyl was known for his abilities as a skillful
Early life
Johannes Marten den Uijl was born on 9 August 1919 in the town of
Political career
In 1953 Den Uyl was elected to the municipal council of Amsterdam and in 1956 he was elected to the House of Representatives. In 1963 he became municipal administrator for economic affairs in Amsterdam, resigning his parliamentary seat. He resigned that post in 1965 to become Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cals cabinet. As the responsible minister, he decided to close the uneconomic coal mines in Limburg, causing high local unemployment. Following the parliamentary elections of 1967, he became leader of the Labour Party in parliament.
Den Uyl's Labour Party won the
Between 1973 and 1977, the country's economic situation turned ugly. The government's
In 1975, a rent readjustment grant was adopted “to assist households that were capable and desirous of living in better accommodations, but who were intimidated by the sudden increase in rent and the burden of moving costs.” Various types of tenants were eligible, such as those leaving a slum dwelling for a higher rent unit (“slum clearance”). [20] From 1 January 1975, the elderly “who rely solely or almost exclusively on the AOW pension have been granted an additional reduction of NLG 18 per month on the premium for health insurance for the elderly.”[21] Also, with retroactive effect from 1 July 1975, “a new regulation for relocation and refurbishment costs applies to elderly people who want to move from a cheaper to a more expensive home.”[22] In 1975 the social assistance standard was again structurally increased for incomplete families. In 1974 and 1975, the social assistance standards structurally increased more than the net minimum wage.[23] In 1975, national legislation was introduced for residential homes (previously, homes for the elderly had been a responsibility of local authorities).[24]
Taking into account the fact that the dilapidation of private (rental) homes can seriously impede the efficient implementation of urban renewal plans, a regulation was drawn up at the end of 1976 in connection with this “that provides for the granting of financial support to municipalities and approved institutions when they purchase homes from private individuals with the aim of providing the residents of such homes with a reasonable level of living enjoyment for a considerable period of time after a major improvement. For larger municipalities in particular, this aid measure can be an incentive to purchase homes from private owners.”[25] From 1976 onwards, “schemes have been in place under which grants have been provided for the adaptation of accommodation for the disabled.”[26] In 1976, a separate subsidy scheme was introduced for young single persons.[27] In 1976, a law provided a cash benefit equal to the old-age benefit for disabled heads of families (including the unemployed and self-employed) and disabled single persons aged 17 and over, including those disabled since childhood. Previously, only employed persons for eligible for these benefits. The same law provided for rehabilitation benefits for homemakers.[28] This law also provided for special transport, retraining and reimbursement of extra expenditures incurred as a result of handicaps “on the condition that these services are not provided by other social security legislation.”[29]
A regulation was introduced in September 1973 providing for the employment of persons "for whom it is difficult to find employment and who have been in prolonged unemployment."[30] In January 1974, a statutory minimum wage for young people between the ages of 15 and 22 was introduced, and in March 1974 the insurance scheme for wage and salary earners was extended to cover the costs of physiotherapy treatment "where this has been prescribed by a doctor."[31] Under a decree of 19 July 1974 unemployed civil servants and their survivors were entitled to certain benefits.[32] The National Standardization Decree of 3 July 1974 provided rules for the provision of assistance for generally necessary subsistence costs.[33] According to one report "In 1974 the National Assistance Decree came into effect. A social minimum now applied to various types of households: a standard amount that was considered sufficient to cover the general necessary costs of existence."[34] The decree established general rules for the determination of the social assistance level. Net benefits according to the ABW (Public Assistance Act) were fixed at 100 % of the net minimum wage for a married worker aged 23 and elder, and the minimum benefits for breadwinners in the social insurance schemes were finally equalized to minimal wage in 1975.[35] As a result of this decree, “the basic standard of social assistance benefit for a couple without children became equal to the net minimum wage of the married employee without children.”[36] According to one study "The National Standards Decree (BLN) from 1974 was of great importance. In addition to the fact that the BLN contains rules for determining assistance with the general necessary costs of existence, it also meant that the level of benefits was raised to the level of the legal minimum wage. The BLN severely limited the policy freedom of municipalities in the implementation of the law. Nevertheless, there remained uncertainty about the interpretation of the concept of general subsistence costs. The BLN only contains a general description, namely: the costs that cannot be regarded as special necessary subsistence costs determined by individual circumstances."[37] In 1974 the AOW was linked to the minimum wage and therefore became welfare-fixed.[38] After the ABW (Public Assistance Act) was linked to the minimum wage in 1974 lone parents were allowed to keep about a third of their earnings in addition to the benefit, up to a maximum of 25% of the minimum wage.[39] In 1974, the holiday allowance became part of the national standardization and was therefore included in the National Standardization Decree.[40] As noted by one study, "The fixed minimum wage could best serve as a guideline for this. That goal was definitively achieved in 1974: social assistance benefits, the AOW, the widow's benefit and the basic benefits of the Sickness Benefits Act, WAO, WW, WWV all amount to one hundred percent of the net minimum wage, around a thousand guilders per year."[41] Also, as noted by another study, "Partly under the influence of the increase in unemployment since the oil crisis of 1973, a hardship clause was added to the Social Security Act in July 1974 through a change in the National Standards Decree. As a result, you can claim benefits without your entire baptismal certificate being examined by social work. From 1975, everyone from the age of sixteen without a fixed income is entitled to a social assistance benefit."[42] A modest amount of money was released for self-employed persons as an old-age provision through the National Group Regulation on the release of old-age provision for special groups (Stb. 1974, 825). As noted by one study, the National Group Scheme for the release of old-age provision for special groups (Stb. 1974, 825) “envisaged exemption from (part of) the assets of a former self-employed person in the means test for social assistance.”[43]
In September 1975, a regulation on the promotion of vocational training for young people was introduced, aimed at "a great number of young people who, as a result of the present educational system, depend on on-the-job training within the framework of the Apprenticeship Law." The chances of obtaining an individual rent subsidy were also significantly increased, while an Act of June 1975 amended a number of existing Acts "with a view to introducing changes regarding the organisation and the districts of factory inspection and the inspection of ports and dangerous machinery,” and also conferred legislative powers on the Minister of Social Affairs under the Act "concerning the loading and unloading of ocean-going vessels and extended the scope of the Silicosis Act."[44] Early retirement measures were also implemented,[45] with the Den Yyl government being the first administration to do this.[46]
The Collective Redundancy (Notification) Act of 1976 imposed an obligation on employers (who intend to collectively dismiss employees) "to give written notice of this intention to the relevant trade unions for consultation,"[47] while that same year consultative works councils were replaced by powerful ones modelled after the German works councils.[48] Also in 1976, a law was passed forbidding dismissal upon pregnancy or marriage for all women.[49] In 1976, a Criminal Injuries Compensation fund was set up.[50] Extra money was also spent on urban renewal, while the arrangement “that allows tenants to get used to a higher rent for a renovated home has been improved.” Various measures were undertaken in the field of road safety, such as compulsory moped helmets and seat belts and the establishment of an alcohol test (breath test). Subsidies were also granted to experiments with Bureaus for Legal Aid.[51]
A February 1976 regulation on accidents in nuclear installations provided for interministerial coordination on measures to be taken "in the event of accidents and for the preparation of an emergency plan."[52] A law of December 1976 relaxed the conditions for exemption from national insurance contributions or entitlement to pay reduced contributions, and also extended entitlement to orphans' pensions "to illegitimate children whose mothers are dead and who have not been recognised by their fathers." The Asbestos Decree of April 1977 prohibited the storage and use of crocidolite (blue asbestos) and materials or products containing crocidolite and also prohibited "the spraying of asbestos or materials or products containing asbestos and their use for thermal insulation or for acoustic, preservative or decorative purposes." In September 1977, regulations were issued "regarding the conditions under which young persons of 16 and over may exceptionally drive agricultural tractors." In May 1977, a subsidy scheme for the placing of handicapped persons was introduced.[53]
In 1977, the Den Uyl cabinet fell due to a conflict between Den Uyl and the Catholic People's Party Minister of Justice Dries van Agt. The Labour Party entered the subsequent election under the banner "Vote for the Prime Minister". The Labour Party won by a landslide, receiving over 33% percent of the votes, a relatively large share in the divided politics of the Netherlands at that time, and 53 seats. Labour's coalition partner Democrats 66 also made gains, from 6 to 8 seats. However, its other coalition partner, the Political Party of Radicals, lost nearly all its seats, making it impossible for Den Uyl to form a new government that he could count on to support him in parliament. More than 200 days after the election, the Christian Democratic Appeal (a new party that was formed by Den Uyl's former coalition partners, the Catholic People's Party and the Anti-Revolutionary Party, joined by the smaller Christian Historical Union) formed a cabinet with the liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, supported by a small majority of 77 seats (out of a total of 150).
After being opposition leader from 1977 to 1981, Den Uyl returned to government in 1981. The Labour Party formed a coalition with the Christian Democratic Appeal and the Democrats 66. Den Uyl became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Social Affairs and Employment. Van Agt, by now Den Uyl's nemesis, led this cabinet. The cabinet was in constant internal conflict and fell after eight months. The Labour Party won the snap election of 1982, but could not agree on a new coalition with the Christian Democratic Appeal. As a result, Den Uyl returned to parliament and led the Labour Party in opposition until 1986. As leader of the main opposition party, Den Uyl, always a soft-spoken Atlanticist, provided cover for the government's controversial decision to place NATO cruise missiles on Dutch soil. In turn, this decision, and a similar one by the Belgian government, satisfied one of the West German conditions for the placement of cruise missiles and Pershing II missiles in West Germany.
Family and later life
On 30 August 1944, Den Uyl married Liesbeth den Uyl, née Van Vessem (18 June 1924 – 30 September 1990).
After the elections of 1986, in which the Labour Party won 5 seats but failed to retain its position as largest party, Den Uyl was succeeded as leader of the Labour Party by Wim Kok.
Death
On 24 October 1987, the
Decorations
Honours | ||||
Ribbon bar | Honour | Country | Date | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion | Netherlands | 5 December 1966 | ||
Honorary Medal for Initiative and Ingenuity of the Order of the House of Orange | Netherlands | 19 September 1974 | ||
Grand Officer of the Honorary Order of the Palm | Suriname | 4 September 1977 | ||
Grand Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau | Netherlands | 9 September 1982 | Elevated from Commander (11 April 1978) |
Honorary degrees
Honorary degrees | ||||
University | Field | Country | Date | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
University of Amsterdam | Economics | Netherlands | 8 January 1985 |
Further reading
- Wilsford, David, ed. Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary (Greenwood, 1995) pp 97–111.
Quotes
"Twee dingen:..." ("Two things:..." In interviews, many of Den Uyl's answers started with these two words, sending a signal to the listener to drop any expectation of a simple yes or no.)
References
- ^ Joop in isolation: [ˈjoːp].
- ^ "Uijl, Johannes Marten den (1919–1987)" (in Dutch). Huygens ING. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ "Joop den Uyl (1919–1987) – Premier van Nederland" (in Dutch). Historiek.net. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ (in Dutch) De mythe van het vechtkabinet van Joop den Uyl Archived 9 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine. University of Rotterdam. 2002
- ^ (in Dutch) Suèr, Henk. "Joop den Uyl: verguisd en inspirerend" (PDF). Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). roodkoper.nl - ^ "Onthullende biografie Joop den Uyl" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). University of Amsterdam. 21 February 2008 - ^ (in Dutch) Willem Drees gekozen tot ‘Dé premier na WO II’, Geschiedenis24.nl, 15 January 2006
- ^ (in Dutch) NRC-enquête: Drees en Lubbers beste premiers sinds 1900, NRC Handelsblad, 28 September 2013
- ^ (in Dutch) I&O Research, I&O Research, 13 March 2020
- ^ International Institute of Social History, Archief Joop den Uyl, item 187. Retrieved on 9 October 2007.
- ^ Welfare and Efficiency Their Interactions in Western Europe and Implications for International Economic Relations By Theodore Geiger, 1979, P.92
- ISBN 9780792367208– via Google Books.
- ^ West European Housing Systems in a Comparative Perspective, p. 37, at Google Books
- ^ World Yearbook of Education 1992 Urban Education Edited by David Coulby, Crispin Jones, and Duncan Harris, Part 3: Urban education issues city perspectives, 16: Rotterdam: combatting educational disadvantage by Ton Peters, P.176
- ^ Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II, Volume 2 edited by Peter Flora, P.690
- ^ "PF 2.5 Annex: Detail of Change in Parental Leave By Country" (PDF). Archived from the original on 21 July 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ISBN 9780765626479– via Google Books.
- ISBN 9781861348487– via Google Books.
- ISBN 9781137314840– via Google Books.
- ^ Monthly Labor Review, May 1986, Volume 109, Number 5, Henry Lowenstern, Editor-in-Chief, Robert W. Fisher, Executive Editor, P.26
- ^ Hoofdstuk I. ken - Nota Bejaardenbeleid 1975
- ^ Regeling subsidie op woningen eenvoudiger
- ^ Verslag der handelingen der Staten-Generaal Part 2, Volume 8 By Netherlands, Staten-Generaal, Eerste Kamer, 1976, P.79
- ^ Governance and financing of long-term care Dutch National Report, Roelf van der Veen,Pieter Huijbers and Henk Nies, Utrecht, March 2010, P.4
- ^ Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal Zitting 1977-1978 Rijksbegroting voor het jaar 1978 P.35
- ^ Regeling verplichte afkoop regelingen geldelijke steun huisvesting gehandicapten 2008
- ^ Groei en bloei van het nederlandse volkshuisvestingsbeleid: Volkshuisvesting in theorie en praktijk by Van der Schaar, J., P284
- ^ Social Security Bulletin, March 1983/Vol. 46, No. 3
- ^ The One World of Working Women By Anne H. Nelson, 1978, P.3-4
- ^ "Report on the development of the social situation in the Community in 1973". 1974.
- ^ "Report on the development of the social situation in the Community in 1974". 1975.
- ^ Decree of 19 July 1974 establishing a regulation concerning the granting of former civil servants a supplement to disability benefit in the event of involuntary unemployment
- ^ 33ste Vergadering Donderdag 13 december 1979 Aanvang 10.15 uur.
- ^ Sociaal en cultureel rapport By Netherlands. Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, 1996, P.177
- ^ The 'incrementalist' Paradox Securing a Subsistence Minimum and the Introduction of a Basic Income in the Netherlands By Joop M. Roebroek, Theo Berben, 1988, P.5
- ^ Nadere wijziging van een aantal sociale verzekeringswetten, de Wet Werkloosheidsvoorziening en de Wet op de loonbelasting 1964 (afschaffing minimumdagloon WAO. en herziening minimumdagloonbepalingen in de W.W. en de W.W.V.), P.9
- ^ De Algemene Bijstandswet en de nieuwe armoede DR. H. G. DE GIER,P.787
- ^ Pension and AOW: from then to now
- ^ Lone Mothers in European Welfare Regimes Shifting Policy Logics Edited by Jane Lewis,P.107
- ^ 2.27.5058 Inventaris van het archief van het Ministerie van Maatschappelijk Werk; Ministerie van Cultuur, Recreatie en Maatschappelijk Werk: Directie Bijstandszaken en Taakvoorgangers, 1952-1982
- ^ De verwording van de economie voor de arbeider, ondernemer en kruidenier verklaard : waarin opgenomen De dood van een coureur By Arnold Heertje, Frans Nypels, Kees Tamboer, 1976, P.311: “Vastgelegde minimumloon daartoe het best als richtsnoer kon dienen. Dat doel werd in 1974 definitied bereikt: uit-keringen voor bijstand, de AOW, de weduwenuitkering en de bodemuitkeringen van de Ziektewet, WAO, WW, wwv bedragen allemaal honderd procent van het netto minimumloon, rond duizend gulden schoon per”
- ^ voet tussen de deur - Geschiedenis van de kraakbeweging 1964 - 1999
- ^ "Sociale Voorzieningen deel 2 Een herzien institutioneel onderzoek op het beleidsterrein sociale zekerheid ten aanzien van de sociale voorzieningen, (1940-) 1996 – 2004 juli 2005 Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid Rinske Baan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
- ^ "Report on the development of the social situation in the Communities in 1975". 1976.
- ^ Eerder stoppen met werken te populair VUT met pensioen
- ^ Opinie: Zwaar werk regelingen blijven noodzakelijk door Anne van Dijk, kaderlid FNV
- ISBN 9789041134608– via Google Books.
- ISBN 9781446228449– via Google Books.
- ^ http://nidi.knaw.nl/shared/content/output/2002/ssm-54-05-fokkema.pdf Archived 25 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
- ^ The Dutch Criminal Justice System By P.J.P. Tak, 2008, P.109
- ^ Kabinet-Den Uyl (1973-1977)
- ^ "Report on the development of the social situation in the Communities in 1976". 1977.
- ^ "Report on the development of the social situation in the Communities in 1977". 1978.
- ^ "Liesbeth den Uyl". 18 June 1924.
- ^ "Liesbeth den Uyl- van Vessem overleden". NRC. October 1990.
- ^ "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". 17 September 2019.
External links
- Official
- (in Dutch) Dr. J.M. (Joop) den Uyl Parlement & Politiek