José Chávez Morado
José Chávez Morado | |
---|---|
Born | Guanajuato, Guanajuato | 4 January 1909
Nationality | Mexican |
Education | Chouinard Art Institute, Academy of San Carlos |
Known for | Painting, sculpture, printmaking |
Notable work |
|
Movement | Mexican muralism, Escuela Mexicana de Pintura |
Awards | Premio Nacional de Artes 1974 |
José Chávez Morado (4 January 1909 – 1 December 2002) was a
Life
Chávez Morado was born on 4 January 1909 in Silao, Guanajuato, shortly before the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution.[1][2] His father was a merchant, José Ignacio Chávez Montes de Oca; his mother was Luz Morado Cabrera. He came from a modest family; however, his grandfather was in possession of a private library of over 5,000 volumes which had been collected by his grandparents and great grandparents. The illustrations in those books provided the child with his first exposure to art; when he was small, he spent time copying them, especially illustrations from La Ilustración Española.[2][3]
His mother died when he was a teenager, and at age 16, he began to work at the Silao electrical company, Compañia de Luz. He lost this job when he drew a
In 1930, he returned to Silao. His father gave him a store to run. At the counter, he would draw images of the customers and other typical people, which he sold when the store closed and he moved to Mexico City.
He also met Olga Costa, who was born in Leipzig, Germany, the daughter of Russian émigré musician Jacob Kostakowsky.[2][4] They married in 1935.[3]
During his art career, Chávez Morado was politically active as a member of the Mexican Communist Party and with a number of communist and socialist artists’ groups.[3][5]
In 1949, he studied abroad in Europe and Cuba.[3]
In his later life, he and his wife resided for a time in San Miguel de Allende, then moved permanently to the
Chávez Morado died on 1 December 2002 at the age of 93 of respiratory failure. His funeral was at the Museo del Pueblo.[6][7] At the time of his death, he was considered to be the "last of the Mexican muralists."[2][7][8]
Career
Chávez Morado was a painter, engraver, muralist and cultural promoter during his career. He also worked to support educational institutions in the state of Guanajuato.[1]
He established his art career in the 1930s, starting by teaching drawing classes in primary and secondary schools in 1933.
His main creations as an artist were murals. His first public work was La lucha antiimperialista! at the Teachers’ College in
Chávez Morado’s cultural promotions began in the 1940s. He founded and directed the Espiral Gallery and was a founding member of the
During his career, Chávez Morado was involved in leftist politics, which influenced his art. In the 1930s, he joined the
Later work included the reliefs on the column of the "umbrella" structure in the center of the Museo Nacional de Antropología in 1964, a monument to
His artistic legacy consists of over 2,000 works, including murals, other monumental works, etchings and paintings.
He received his first recognition for his work in 1945 when he won first prize at a graphics competition sponsored by the Mexico City government for the 25th anniversary of the
Artistry
Chávez Morado created engravings, illustrations, cartoon drawings, sculpture, murals, canvas painting, frescos, bronze, glass, and was one of the first Mexican artists to work with Italian mosaic on monumental works.[2][6] Although he had some training in California and Mexico, he is considered to be mostly self-taught.[7][8] He was interested in experimenting with new techniques and materials for murals. His work ranged from traditional frescos to those made with vinyl, mosaics, stone, bronze and terracotta.[2]
His work was always figurative in the style of Mexican muralism also known as the Escuela Mexicana de Pintura.[2][6] He is grouped with contemporaries such as Juan O'Gorman, Raúl Anguiano and Alfredo Zalce as the generation of the school to follow Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros .[7] Like the others, Chávez Morado promoted the social and political principles of the Mexican Revolution. He believed that art should be esthetic and political and was both politically active as well as an artist. His work emphasized faith in the masses, the exaltation of the struggle and heroes of the Mexican Revolution, popular culture and the railroad.[2] His painting tended to emphasize the human form, with depictions of rural areas in Mexico, customs, dances and folk religion. By the mid 20th century, his politics and art became militant and communist, as can best be seen in his engravings and the work he did with the Taller de Gráfica Popular.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "José Chávez Morado, el último muralista, es recordado en ocasión de su 103 aniversario de su nacimiento" [José Chávez Morado, the last muralist, is remembered on the 103rd anniversary of his birth] (Press release) (in Spanish). CONACULTA. 3 January 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "José Chávez Morado, uno de los más grandes artistas de la plástica mexicana del siglo XX" [José Chávez Morado, one of the greatest fine artists of the 20th century] (Press release) (in Spanish). CONACULTA. 3 January 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Raquel Tibol (27 July 2012). "A 10 años de su muerte José Chávez Morado, dibujante" [Ten years after his death, José Chávez Morado, artist]. Proceso (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ Mexico Through the Russian Gaze: Olga Costa in Bridgewater State University Bridgewater Review
- ^ a b c d e Juan Manuel Garcia (22 April 2001). "Jose Chavez Morado: 'Ya no hay situacion politica para hacer murales'" [José Chávez Morado:"The political situation no longer encourages the making of murals]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 5.
- ^ a b c d e f Martin Diego (1 December 2002). "Falleció el muralista José Chávez Morado" [Muralist José Chávez Morado dies]. La Jornada (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d e "José Chávez Morado, el último de los muralistas mexicanos" [José Chávez Morado, last of the Mexican muralists]. El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 5 December 2002. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ a b c "Muralista José Chávez Morado lleva a Cádiz "Una mirada de México"" [Muralist José Chávez Morado brought to Cadiz "A glance at Mexico"]. Milenio (in Spanish). Mexico City. 13 February 2012. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Los Murales de Chávez Morado, Obras que Cambien con el Paso del Tiempo y las Modificaciones de CU" [The murals of Chavez Morado, works which are modified by the passage of time and the modifications of CU] (Press release) (in Spanish). Boletín UNAM-DGCS-086 Ciudad Universitaria. 10 February 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ "Museo de Arte Olga Costa - José Chávez Morado" [Olga Costa-José Chávez Morado Art Museum]. Sistema de Información Cultural (in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto Estatal de la Cultura de Guanajuato. Retrieved 31 July 2012.