José Fernández Madrid
José Fernández Madrid | |
---|---|
Francisco Antonio Zea Díaz | |
Personal details | |
Born | February 19, 1789 |
Died | June 28, 1830 Barnes, London, England |
Spouse | María Francisca Domínguez de la Roche |
| |
José Luis Álvaro Alvino Fernández Madrid (February 19, 1789 – June 28, 1830) was a Neogranadine statesman, physician, scientist and writer, who was President of the interim triumvirate of the United Provinces of New Granada in 1814, and President of the United Provinces of the New Granada in 1816. After the Spanish retook New Granada, he was barred from the country and was exiled in Havana, where he continued his scientific studies and worked as a doctor. He was later pardoned and allowed to come back to Colombia, and was appointed ambassador to France and to the United Kingdom where he died in 1830.
Early life
Fernández was born in
He began his studies in
Early political life
Amidst the
Triumvirate
On October 5, 1814, the Supreme Junta of the United Provinces decided that the best political solution for the country was to name a triumvirate instead of a president to govern the country alone.
Presidency 1816
In 1816, the situation of the country was dire. The
On March 14, 1816, Camilo Torres Tenorio resigned from the presidency. The Congress of the United Provinces of the New Granada asked Fernández to be the president of the United Provinces, he at first declined, knowing very well that he was not the right man for the job, and that he could not bring about a solution to the invasion, but upon pressure of his peers, he accepted and assumed the presidency.[5]
On May 6, Santa Fe de Bogotá was invaded by the royalists, this event marked Spain's reconquest of New Granada.
So with only 27 years of age, and no military experience, Fernández marched with a handful of the remaining soldiers to the south. On June 22, 1816, Fernández presented his resignation to the presidency in Popayán to the Permanent Legislative Commission, who accepted it and named general Custodio García Rovira to the post, Liborio Mejía was named vicepresident, and becoming the acting president because Rovira was not present.
Capture
On June 30, after the defeat of the Battle of Cuchilla del Tambo, the last battle of the Reconquista, Fernández and his wife are captured and taken prisoners in Chaparral while they were in search of the lands of the Andaquí Indians to seek refuge
Then, captured and facing the real threat of facing the Judges of War and Purification, who would have sentenced him to death as was the fate of many very important figures during the Reconquista, he pleaded for forgiveness—a mistake he would later regret—and he implored for a meeting with general Morillo. Because of his family's record of service to the king, and his lack of military action, his life was spared and sentenced to exile in Spain along with his wife, María Francisca Domínguez de la Roche, and his brother, Coronel Francisco Fernández Madrid. Morillo told him:
Within three days you will leave for the Capital [Madrid]. Go learn loyalty from your relatives! Do not think you are fooling me, you are an insurgent and you will be one till death.[6]
Exile
On June 5, 1820, the first edition of the newspaper El Argos came out, founded by Fernández.[7] It ran for thirty-four editions and it had a revolutionary outlook and called for the unification of the peoples of America.
Ambassadorship
José Fernández Madrid was named ambassador to the United Kingdom by Simón Bolívar on November 23, 1826[8] He was still in Paris when the government urged him to move to London as fast as possible. He was given an annual salary of 12,000 pesos.[9] José Fernández Madrid arrived in London on April 30, 1827[10]
Legacy
His son, Pedro Fernández Madrid, who was born in Cuba during his exile, became an important politician and writer, following in the steps of his father, he worked as a congressman and was president of the Congress in 1857.[11]
Literary works
Merit orders named for José Fernández Madrid
Established 22 July 1950, the
References
- ^ Fernández de Castro, J.A. "Un presidente neogranadino desterrado en la isla de Cuba." Revista de la Universidad de la Habana 1942. 40-42 (enero-junio), 7-26.
- ^ Universidad de La Habana. Archivo Histórico. Expediente Estado Antiguo, No. 4426 (Dr. José Fernández Madrid).
- ISBN 0887382290
- ^ Biografia de José Fernández Madrid
- ^ Caballero, José María, "Particularidades de Santafe", Un diario de... en la Patria Boba. Biblioteca de Historia Nacional, Bogotá, Imprenta Nacional, [1816] 1902.
- ^ Rivas, Raimundo (1931). Escritos de don Pedro Fernández Madrid (Publicados con noticias sobre su vida u su época). Bogotá, Editorial Minerva.
- ^ Efemérides Archived 2007-05-03 at the Wayback Machine Union de Periodistas de Cuba.
- ^ Amunátegui R., Miguel Luís. Vida de Don Andrés Bello.
- ^ Amunátegui R., Vida de Don Andrés Bello.
- ^ Jakšić, Ivan. Andrés Bello: La pasión por el orden, p. 125.
- ^ Pedro Fernández Madrid Archived 2007-08-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Poesías. Selección
- ^ Guatimoc ó Guatimocin: Tragedia en cinco actos
- ^ Armed Forces of Colombia.
- ^ Colombian National Armada. Medals of Colomba.