José Luis Cuevas
José Luis Cuevas | |
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National Prize for Arts and Sciences of Fine Arts (1981) | |
Website | Official website |
José Luis Cuevas (February 26, 1934 – July 3, 2017) was a Mexican artist, he often worked as a painter, writer, draftsman, engraver, illustrator, and printmaker. Cuevas was one of the first to challenge the then dominant Mexican muralism movement as a prominent member of the Generación de la Ruptura (English: Breakaway Generation). He was a mostly self-taught artist, whose styles and influences are moored to the darker side of life, often depicting distorted figures and the debasement of humanity. He had remained a controversial figure throughout his career, not only for his often shocking images, but also for his opposition to writers and artists who he feels participate in corruption or create only for money. In 1992, the José Luis Cuevas Museum was opened in the historic center of Mexico City holding most of his work and his personal art collection. His grandson Alexis de Chaunac is a contemporary artist.[1]
Biography
Childhood
José Luis Cuevas was born on February 26, 1934, to a middle-class family in Mexico City. He was born on the upper floor of the paper and pencil factory belonging to his paternal grandfather, Adalberto Cuevas.[2][3]
When he was ten years old, he began studies at the National School of Painting and Sculpture "La Esmeralda", and he also started to illustrate newspapers and books.[3] However, he was forced to abandon his studies in 1946 when he contracted rheumatic fever. The illness left him bedridden for two years. During this time, he learned engraving work taught by Lola Cueto of Mexico City College.[3]
Early career
At age fourteen, he rented a space on Donceles street to use as a studio instead of returning to school as his poor health meant that did not know how long he might live. He decided it would be better to dedicate himself to his art. Cuevas learned how to horse back ride and basket weave for money. He worked on illustrations for The News,[4] and despite his lack of formal training, he taught art history classes at Coronet Hall Institute.[2] One element of his training was the opportunity to visit the La Castaneda mental hospital where his brother worked to draw the patients.[5]
Generación de la Ruptura
Cuevas was sometimes described as vain, a pathological liar and a hypochondriac, obsessed with sickness and death, especially his own.
In the 1960s, he went to
Despite his predictions that he would live to over a hundred because various tarot readings had told him so,[9] Cuevas died on July 3, 2017, in Mexico City at the age of 83.[10][11][12]
Marriage
Cuevas married his first wife, Bertha Riestra, in 1961.[2] He met Bertha at the La Castaneda hospital while she was there doing community service and painting. Her parents did not attend the wedding as they did not approve of him since he was an artist.[4] Despite being married, he gained a reputation as a womanizer, nicknamed “gato macho” (male cat) or seducer of women, which he took advantage of to promote himself.[4] In a Mexico City newspaper column written by him, he claimed he had over 650 erotic encounters.[4] He states that Bertha was not allowed the same freedom and that she never knew about his affairs despite his writings about them.[4] He and Bertha had three daughters, Mariana, Ximena and María Jose.[13] In 2000, Berta Riestra, his wife and, at the time, the director of the José Luis Cuevas Museum, died due to breast cancer and leukemia. The following year, he met Beatriz del Carmen Bazán, whom he married in 2003 at the museum.[2][4]
Cuevas and his wife both lived in the
Exhibitions
Within a career that spanned over seventy years, Cuevas was a painter, writer, draftsman, engraver, illustrator and printmaker.
In the 1960 he exhibited at the
During the 1970s, he exhibited 72 self-portraits at the Centro Cultural Universitario at
In 1981, he opened the exhibit "Signs of Life" which contained a vial with his semen and an electrocardiogram taken while he was making love. He stated in the exhibition's brochure that he would impregnate any woman that asked him to do so, but the
In 1991 "Celebrating 25 Years with Jose Luis Cuevas" opens at Tasende Gallery, La Jolla. He created a
In 2001, he donated a sculpture called “Figura Obscena” (Obscene Figure) to the
Publications
By the age of fourteen, Cuevas had illustrated numerous periodicals and books.[15] In 1957, he went to Philadelphia to illustrate the book “The World of Kafka and Cuevas” for Falcon Prest Publishers.[2] In the late 1950s, he began to write on cultural topics for the Novedades de México publication, where he referred to the then mural artists establishment such as Diego Rivera as the “cortina del nopal” (Nopal Cactus Curtain) and also advocated for greater artistic freedom. This philosophy inspired the founding in 1960 of the group Nueva Presencia, which he joined for a brief time. The group promoted individual expression and figurative art reflecting the contemporary human condition.[2][15]
In the 1960s, his publications included “Recollections of Childhood” (1963), “Cuevas-Chareton” (1966), a book of lithographs made at the Tamarind Workshop in Los Angeles inspired by the Marquis de Sade and “Homage to Quevedo” an album of thirteen lithographs dedicated to Francisco de Quevedo.[2][5]
In 1970, he presented “Crime by Cuevas” at the Primera Bienal del Grabado Latinoamericano in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The lithographic series called “Cuevas Comedies” was published in 1972, inspired by San Francisco.[2][5] He “self-exiled” to France where he exhibited at the Modern Art Museum in Paris and the Chartres Cathedral and worked on several books, serigraphs and lithographs in works called “Cuaderno de París” and “La Renaudiere.” The first was honored at the Book Fair in Stuttgart, Germany in 1978.[2]
In 1985, he began publishing a column called “Cuevario.” In 1987 he worked with the Crónica de la Ciudad de México. He published Arte-Objeto and Animales Impuros in 1995, which was inspired by a poem by José-Miguel Ullán. In 2012 he published “Cartas amorosas a Beatriz del Carmen” which contains 183 cards drawn by Cuevas for his wife.[2][5]
Artistic development and influence
As Cuevas' education was interrupted by illness, he was mostly a self-taught artist. He was part of the first generation of Mexican artists to have emerged after the
Cuevas was born and raised in a country which has produced major innovators in the fine arts, and he himself became a symbol of both the continuity of this tradition as well as a permanent break with the past.[8] In particular, Cuevas was an early and very outspoken critic of the muralist movement led by the then-dominant artists Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros.[16] His critiques focus on how these artists depicted Mexican social intertwine and how much their art was influenced by government propaganda through sponsorship.[3][16] His opposition to the status quo and his aggressive art style caused him trouble at times, including violent public outcry to his work, written insults, personal threats and even once having had his own house attacked with a machine-gun.[3][16] These are some of the reasons that earned him the nickname of "il enfant terrible" ("The Bad Boy") of Mexican fine arts.[14][17]
His initial opposition to the Mexican cultural status quo was with the muralists, calling them and the government that supported them the “nopal cactus curtain,” acting against newer artists and innovations.
Themes in Cuevas’ work tend to be bleak, grotesque, enveloped in anguish and fantasy, with human figures distorted to the point of uniqueness.[15][18] His work has been described as having a “great gestural ferocity” often preferring subjects relating to human degradation such as prostitution and despotism.[14] His most characteristic work involves images of disfigured creatures and the misery of the contemporary world.[5] Although he was not opposed to worldly pleasures, they are not depicted in his work. He stated that his work leans more towards the flesh in an “excessive” way with the presence of death. Cuevas said that his drawing representa the solitude and isolation of contemporary man and man's inability to communicate. He also stated that it is an “invitation to return to vegetarianism.[15][16]"
Cuevas stated that he drew a skull as he considered them devoid of expression and they are not necessarily representative of death in Mexican culture. He preferred to draw cadavers and bodies shortly after death, as they still retain the individual human qualities. In this approach, he stated that he followed elements of
Cuevas’ influences included Goya, writer Francisco de Quevedo, Picasso, with some hues from Posada and Orozco.[3][15][18] Over the years, he paid homage to his favorite painters and writers, such as Fyodor Dostoevsky, Franz Kafka, Francisco de Quevedo and Marquis de Sade, in numerous series of drawings and prints.[15]
Cuevas's style is aggressive and lacks inhibition which often shocks the observer.
His work reates controversy to the end and his appearance attracted large numbers of women.[17]
Recognition
Cuevas’ earliest award was in 1959, the International First Prize for Drawing at the
In 1977 he won First Prize at the III Latin American Print Biennial in
In the 1990s, he received the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres from France in 1991, induction in the National System of Creators of Mexico in 1993 and In 1997 the Premio de Medallística Tomás Francisco Prieta from Queen Sofía of Spain .[2][5]
In the 2000s he received the Jerusalem Prize from the City of Jerusalem and the World Zionist Organization in 2007 and the Lorenzo the Great Prize at the VIII Biennial of Florence in 2012.[2]
In addition to awards for his artwork, Cuevas received other honors as well. These include honorary doctorates from
José Luis Cuevas Museum
In the late 1980s, Cuevas obtained the old monastery of Santa Inés in Mexico City's historical center for the purpose of creating the José Luis Cuevas Museum, which was inaugurated in 1992. The first director of the museum was his first wife, Bertha until her death in 2000. In 2005, his second wife, Beatriz del Carmen, took over operations.[2] The Museum has been backed by the Fundación Maestro José Luis Cuevas since 2003.[22] Because of the opposition in some essential artistic statements between José Luis Cuevas and some professors in the Academia de San Carlos, which is located half a block to the south, the artistic community in this art school say "el vecino de enfrente" (neighbor from across the street" to refer to the now late artist and the Museum).
The Museum's collection includes more than 1860 pieces by various artists, mostly from
References
- ^ "Se inaugura en Veracruz la exposición Mala Sangre / Bestiario de Alexis de Chaunac". vanidades.com. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "Cronología biográfica" [Biographical chronology] (in Spanish). Mexico City: José Luis Cuevas Museum. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Jose Luis Cuevas". San José State University Digital Art Lobby. Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Cherem S, Silvia (May 28, 2000). "Entrevista/ Jose Luis Cuevas/ El ombligo de Cuevas" [Interview/Jose Luis Cuevas/The navel of Cuevas]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 1.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Obra temprana, de José Luis Cuevas, en la "Ramón Alva de la Canal"" [Obra temprana by Jose Luis Cuevas at the "Ramon Alva de la Canal"] (in Spanish). Mexico: Universidad Veracruzana. Retrieved June 2, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Sanchez, Leticia (May 23, 1997). "Jose Luis Cuevas, enamorado de si mismo" [Jose Luis Cuevas, in love with himself]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 1.
- ^ a b Toledo, Fernando (December 21, 1995). "Jose Luis Cuevas: En la cueva de Cuevas" [Jose Luis Cuevas: In the cave of Cuevas]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 4.
- ^ a b c d e f Taibo I, Pace Ignacio (September 1994). "The Museo Jose Luis Cuevas". Americas. 46 (5): 50.
- ^ a b "José Luis Cuevas festeja 78 años de vida" [José Luis Cuevas celebrates 78 years of life]. El Financiero (in Spanish). Mexico City. February 26, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ DAVID MARCIAL PÉREZ (4 July 2017). "Muere el artista mexicano José Luis Cuevas". El Paīs (in Spanish).
- ^ Alberto Nájar (4 July 2017). "Muere el artista plástico mexicano José Luis Cuevas, el líder de la "Generación de la Ruptura"" (in Spanish). BBC Mundo.
- ^ "Mexican painter Jose Luis Cuevas dies at 83". ABC News. 3 July 2017.
- S2CID 144861467.
- ^ a b c d "Rendirán homenaje al artista plástico José Luis Cuevas" [Will render homage to fine artista José Luis Cuevas]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. February 23, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "José Luis Cuevas biography". Ro Gallery. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g Rodriguez, Juan (September 15, 1995). "Jose Luis Cuevas: un viaje hacia el interior" [Jose Luis Cuevas: a voyage to the interior]. La Opinión (in Spanish). Los Angeles. p. 8E.
- ^ a b c "Museo José Luis Cuevas". New York Times. Archived from the original on January 30, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ a b c d Ruiz, Blanca (April 27, 2001). "Travesias/ Jose Luis Cuevas". Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 37.
- ^ "La Zona Rosa cada vez más 'roja'" [Zona Rosa getting more "red"]. Terra (in Spanish). Mexico City. Agencia CFE. August 20, 2007. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
- ^ "José Luis Cuevas | artnet". www.artnet.com.
- ISBN 0812217748.
- ^ "Fundación Maestro José Luis Cuevas Novelo, A.C." (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ "Colección permanente del Museo" [Permanent collection of the museum] (in Spanish). Mexico City: José Luis Cuevas Museum. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
External links
Media related to José Luis Cuevas at Wikimedia Commons