Josef Breuer
Josef Breuer | |
---|---|
Austria | |
Education | University of Vienna |
School | Psychoanalysis |
Josef Breuer (
Early life
Born in
Neurophysiology
Breuer, working for Ewald Hering at the military medical school in Vienna, was the first to demonstrate the role of the vagus nerve in the reflex nature of respiration. This was different from previous physiological belief, and changed the way scientists considered the relationship of the lungs to the nervous system. The mechanism is now known as the Hering–Breuer reflex.[2]
Independent of each other
Anna O.
Breuer is known best perhaps for his work during the 1880s with Anna O. (the case
Breuer was then a mentor to the young Sigmund Freud, and had helped establish him in medical practice. Ernest Jones recalled, "Freud was greatly interested in hearing of the case of Anna O, which ... made a deep impression on him";[6] and in his work of 1909, Five Lectures on Psycho-Analysis, Freud stated, "I was a student and working for my final examinations at the time when ... Breuer, first (in 1880-2) made use of this procedure ... Never before had anyone removed a hysterical symptom by such a method."[7]
Freud and Breuer documented their discussions of Anna O. and other case studies in their 1895 book,
The two men became increasingly estranged. From a Freudian consideration, "while Breuer, with his intelligent and amorous patient Anna O., had unwittingly laid the groundwork for psychoanalysis, it was Freud who drew the consequences from Breuer's case".[10] However, Breger notes that Breuer, while he valued Freud's contributions, didn't agree that sexual issues were the only cause of neurotic symptoms; he wrote in a 1907 letter to a colleague that “Freud is a man given to absolute and exclusive formulations: this is a psychical need which, in my opinion, leads to excessive generalization”. Freud later became hostile to Breuer, no longer giving him credit and helping spread a rumour that Breuer had been unable to manage erotic attention from Anna O. and had abandoned her case, though research indicates this never happened and Breuer remained involved with her case for several years while she remained unwell.[9]
In 1894 Breuer was elected a Corresponding Member of the
Family
Breuer married Mathilde Altmann in 1868, and they had five children. His daughter Dora later committed suicide rather than be deported by the
Works
- Zwei Fälle von Hydrophobie. In: Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift 18 (1868). Sp. 178 f., 210-213.
- Das Verhalten der Eigenwärme in Krankheiten. In: Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift 18 (1868). Sp. 982-985, 998-1002.
- Die Selbststeuerung der Athmung durch den Nervus vagus. In: Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, math.-naturw. Kl. 58/2 (1868), S. 909-937.
- Bemerkungen zu Senator's „Beiträge zur Lehre von der Eigenwärme und dem Fieber“. In: Arch. path. Anat., Berlin 46 (1969), S. 391 f.
- Über Bogengänge des Labyrinths. In: Allg. Wien. med. Ztg. 18 (1873), S. 598, 606.
- Über die Function der Bogengänge des Ohrlabyrinthes. In: Med. Jb., Wien 1874. S. 72-124.
- Zur Lehre vom statischen Sinne (Gleichgewichtsorgan). Vorläufige Mittheilung. In: Anz. Ges. Ärzte, Wien 1873. Nr. 9 (17. Dezember 1873), S. 31-33.
- Beiträge zur Lehre vom statischen Sinne (Gleichgewichtsorgan, Vestibularapparat des Ohrlabyrinths). Zweite Mittheilung. In: Med. Jb., Wien 1875. S. 87-156.
- Neue Versuche an den Ohrbogengängen. In: Arch. Physiol. 44 (1889), S. 135-152.
- Über die Funktion der Otolithen-Apparate. In: Arch. Physiol. 48 (1891), S. 195-306.
- Über Brommastitis. In: Wien. med. Presse 35 (1894), Sp. 1028.
- Über Bogengänge und Raumsinn. In: Arch. Physiol. 68 (1897), S. 596-648.
- Die Krisis des Darwinismus und die Teleologie. Vortrag, gehalten am 2. Mai 1902. In: Vorträge und Besprechungen. (1902), S. 43-64. Nachdruck der Ausgabe 1902: Edition discord, Tübingen 1986.
- Über Galvanotropismus bei Fischen. In: Zbl. Physiol., Wien 16 (1902), S. 481-483.
- Studien über den Vestibularapparat. In: Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, math.-naturw. Kl. 112/3(1903), S. 315-394.
- Über den Galvanotropismus (Galvanotaxis) bei Fischen. In: Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, math.-naturw. Kl. 114/3 (1905), S. 27-56.
- Über das Gehörorgan der Vögel. In: Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, math.-naturw. Kl. 116/3 (1907), S. 249-292.
- Bemerkungen zu Dr. H. Abels Abhandlung „über Nachempfindungen im Gebiete des kinästhetischen und statischen Sinnes“. In: Zschr. Psychol. Physiol. Sinnesorg. 45 (1907), 1. Abt., S. 78-84.
- Über Ewald's Versuch mit dem pneumatischen Hammer (Bogengangsapparat). In: Zschr. Sinnesphysiol. 42 (1908), S. 373-378.
- Curriculum vitae [1923]. In: Dr. Josef Breuer 1842-1925. Wien o. J. [1927]. S. 9-24.
- Ein telepathisches Dokument. In: Umschau 28 (1924). S. 215 f.
- Josef Breuer / Rudolf Chrobak: Zur Lehre vom Wundfieber. Experimentelle Studie. In: Med. Jb., Wien 22/4 (1867). S. 3-12.
- Josef Breuer / Sigmund Freud: Über den psychischen Mechanismus hysterischer Phänomene. Vorläufige Mittheilung. In: Neurol. Zbl. 12 (1893), S. 4-10, 43-47; zugleich in: Wien. med. Blätter 16 (1893), S. 33-35, 49-51.
- Sigmund Freud / Josef Breuer: ISBN 3-596-10446-7
- Josef Breuer / Alois Kreidl: Über die scheinbare Drehung des Gesichtsfeldes während der Einwirkung einer Centrifugalkraft. In: Arch. Physiol. 70 (1898), S. 494-510.
- Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach / Josef Breuer: Ein Briefwechsel. 1889-1916. Bergland-Verlag, Wien 1969
See also
References
- ^ "Josef Breuer | Austrian physician". 16 June 2023.
- ^ Breuer, Josef (1842-1925) – Encyclopedia of Psychology Archived 2004-12-13 at the Wayback Machine at www.findarticles.com
- ^ Hawkins, J.E. and Schacht, J. "The Emergence of Vestibular Science" Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine (Part 8 of "Sketches of Otohistory") in "Audiology and Neurotology," April 2005.
- ^ O. L. Zangwill, in Richard Gregory ed, The Oxford Companion to the Mind (Oxford 1987) p. 118.
- ^ Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for our Times (London 1988) p. 65.
- ^ Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (London 1962) p. 204.
- ^ Sigmund Freud, Five Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (Penguin 1995) pp. 1–2 and p. 10.
- ^ Zangwill, Companion p. 118.
- ^ a b A Discussion of my book: A Dream of Undying Fame: How Freud Betrayed His Mentor and Invented Psychoanalysis, and two articles by Dr. Norman Costa (2010)
- ^ Peter Gay, Reading Freud (London 1990) p. 71.
- ^ Robert S. Steele, Freud and Jung p. 50.
Further reading
- ISBN 0-684-80588-X
- ISBN 0-8147-3427-8
- Zangwill, O. L. "Breuer, Joseph." In ISBN 0-19-860224-3