Joseph Athias

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Passover Haggadah
illustrated in Amsterdam (1695)
Title page of the Hebrew Bible printed by Athias in 1667

Joseph Athias (c. 1635 – 12 May 1700) was a merchant, bookprinter and the publisher of a famous Hebrew Bible which was approved by States-General of the Dutch Republic and both Jewish and Christian theologians.

Life

The printing house on the corner of Zwanenburgerstraat (Waterlooplein) with the Amstel river in the background
The alley in the Rapenburgerstraat, which Athias bought from Bussenschut

Joseph was born in

Sephardi rite, was published in 1658. In 1661 and 1667, he issued two editions of the Hebrew Bible with (Arabic) numbered verses.[5][6][7] The second edition of his Bible was more carefully prepared than the first, and with more beautiful type and decorations.[8] The mediaeval original he received from Moses Curiel.[9]
Until the 19th century it was regarded as one of the best bibles in Hebrew available.

Though carefully printed, they contain a number of mistakes in the vowel points and the accents. But as they were based on the earlier editions compared with the best manuscripts, they were the foundation of all the subsequent editions. The copious marginal notes in Latin added by

United Provinces of the Netherlands. The true author of the pamphlet was not Athias but Johannes Leusden, and that the Utrecht professor had published it in Athias’ name, an assessment that scholars have followed ever since.[9]

Athias was not allowed to sell books, just like Menasseh Ben Israel in 1640. In 1672 when the Dutch were in war with three countries, Athias had an enormous debt and 11,000 unsold English Bibles and 10,000 Hebrew children en prayerbooks stored in a warehouse, behind the Zuiderkerk.[11] From 1673 he received a privilege to print more English Bibles, which seem to have been smuggled out of the country.[12] He cooperated with Susanne Veselaer, the widow of the bookseller Jan Jacobsz. Schipper, and published works in Spanish and Portuguese. He experimented with textile printing and they employed 25 (journey)men.[13] By using stereotypes he was able to publish very quickly, 250 bibles in four hours, but had to invest in metallic movable types?[11] It seems he printed thin from cast metal plates, rather than directly from movable types.[14] (In 1678 he buried his wife at Beth Haim of Ouderkerk aan de Amstel.)

It is likely Athias had to use a reseller to distribute his stock; one of them was Joseph

Joseph Penso de la Vega, who had used Athias' services earlier, had his Retrato de la Prudencia, y simulacro del Valor, al Augusto Monarca Guilielmo Tercero, Rey de la Gran Bretaña printed by Bus, using the rare ascendonica italic.[19]

In 1695 he went bankrupt and hide himself for several months because of debts.

Augustine.[16] In 1702 Manuel seems to have sold half of plot to Cornelia Schipper, the heir of Veselaer;[22] in 1705 he sold her the alley. In 1710 Manuel was ordered to vacate the printing house and foundry. The matrices stored in cabinet, can be seen in the Amsterdam Museum.[23][24]

The Athias published 450 works,

Hafṭarot and a Yiddish translation of the Bible (1678) that did not sell well. The latter involved Athias in a competition with Uri Phoebus Halevi.[10][8] The Mishneh Torah by Maimonides, and a commentary by Abraham de Boton was printed by Manuel,[26] like the Order of the Book of the Law
.

Notes

  1. Cordova, Spain on account of his religion.[4]

References

  1. ^ 300 JAAR HANDEL IN SUIKER 1605-1905 door H.W.G. van Blokland-Visser
  2. ^ Hebrew Typography in the Northern Netherlands, 1585-1815 ..., Volume 2 By Lajb Fuks, R. G. Fuks-Mansfeld p. 286
  3. ^ SAMUEL, EDGAR. "Manuel Levy Duarte (1631-1714): An Amsterdam Merchant Jeweller and His Trade With London." Transactions & Miscellanies (Jewish Historical Society of England) 27 (1978): 11-31. Accessed August 22, 2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29778893.
  4. ^ Kayserling, "Sephardim," p. 263; Grätz, "Gesch. der Juden," x. 270
  5. ^ Chisholm 1911.
  6. ^ "1661: Athiasbijbel | Joodse Canon".
  7. ^ Biblia Sacra Hebræa. UvA, Allard Pierson in beeld
  8. ^ a b http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2085-athias[bare URL]
  9. ^ a b Like a Blind Man Judging Colors: Joseph Athias and Johannes Leusden Defend their 1667 Hebrew Bible by Theodor Dunkelgrün
  10. ^ a b Maas 1913.
  11. ^ a b Hebrew Typography in the Northern Netherlands, 1585-1815 ..., Volume 2 By Lajb Fuks, R. G. Fuks-Mansfeld p. 289
  12. ^ http://www.gahetna.nl/archievenoverzicht/pdf/NL-HaNA_3.20.08.ead.pdf[dead link]
  13. ^ Dutch Printing and Bookselling in the Golden Age by P.G. Hoefijzer (1990)
  14. ^ KEES GNIRREP (1997) Standing type or stereotype in the seventeenth century
  15. ^ The fabric of creativity in the Dutch Republic Painting and publishing as cultural industries, 1580-1800 by Clara Rasterhoff
  16. ^ a b M.M. Kleerkooper, De boekhandel te Amsterdam voornamelijk in de 17e eeuw, deel 1
  17. ^ De Amsterdamse boekhandel 1680-1725. Deel 5. De boekhandel van de Republiek 1572-1795(1978)–Isabella Henriëtte van Eeghen
  18. ^ De Amsterdamse boekhandel 1680-1725. Deel 4. Gegevens over de vervaardigers, hun internationale relaties en de uitgaven N-W, papierhandel, drukkerijen en boekverkopers in het algemeen (1967)–Isabella Henriëtte van Eeghen
  19. ^ Detail from John A. Lane
  20. ^ De Amsterdamse boekhandel 1680-1725. Deel 4. Gegevens over de vervaardigers, hun internationale relaties en de uitgaven N-W, papierhandel, drukkerijen en boekverkopers in het algemeen(1967)–Isabella Henriëtte van Eeghen
  21. ^ "Inventarissen".
  22. ^ Familiearchief Cambier. In: Nationaal Archief
  23. ^ "Het Athiaskastje".
  24. ^ The Athias cabinet by Adri Offenberg
  25. ^ "Athias, Joseph (1635?-1700)". Idref.fr. Retrieved 2022-08-31.
  26. ^ The First Mishneh Torah Printed in Amsterdam
Attribution

External links