Joseph de Maistre
Joseph de Maistre | |
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Joseph Marie, comte de Maistre (French:
A key figure of the
Biography
Maistre was born in 1753 at
Maistre was probably educated by the
A member of the progressive
Maistre fled Chambéry when it was taken by a French revolutionary army in 1792, but he was unable to find a position in the royal court in Turin and returned the following year. Deciding that he could not support the French-controlled regime, Maistre departed again, this time for
From Lausanne, Maistre went to Venice and then to Cagliari, where the King of Piedmont-Sardinia held the court and the government of the kingdom after French armies took Turin in 1798. Maistre's relations with the court at Cagliari were not always easy.[11] In 1802, he was sent to Saint Petersburg in Russia as ambassador to Tsar Alexander I.[22] His diplomatic responsibilities were few and he became a well-loved fixture in aristocratic and wealthy merchant circles, converting some of his friends to Roman Catholicism and writing his most influential works on political philosophy.
Maistre's observations on Russian life, contained in his diplomatic memoirs and in his personal correspondence, were among Leo Tolstoy's sources for his novel War and Peace.[11] After the defeat of Napoleon and the restoration of the House of Savoy's dominion over Piedmont and Savoy under the terms of the Congress of Vienna, Maistre returned in 1817 to Turin and served there as magistrate and minister of state until his death. He died on 26 February 1821 and is buried in the Jesuit Church of the Holy Martyrs (Chiesa dei Santi Martiri).
Philosophy
Politics
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In
In his short book Essai sur le Principe Générateur des Constitutions Politiques et des Autres Institutions Humaines ("Essay on the Generative Principle of Political Constitutions and other Human Institutions", 1809), Maistre argued that
What was novel in Maistre's writings was not his enthusiastic defense of monarchical and religious authority per se, but rather his arguments concerning the practical need for ultimate authority to lie with an individual capable of decisive action as well as his analysis of the social foundations of that authority's legitimacy. In his own words which he addressed to a group of aristocratic French émigrés, "You ought to know how to be royalists. Before, this was an instinct, but today it is a science. You must love the sovereign as you love order, with all the forces of intelligence."[24] Maistre's analysis of the problem of authority and its legitimacy foreshadows some of the concerns of early sociologists such as Auguste Comte[25] and Henri de Saint-Simon.[26][27]
Religion
After the appearance in 1816 of his French translation of
Ethics
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Theodicy |
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In addition to his voluminous correspondence, Maistre left two books that were published posthumously. Soirées de St. Pétersbourg ("St Petersburg Dialogues", 1821) is a theodicy in the form of a Platonic dialogue[31] in which Maistre argues that evil exists because of its place in the divine plan, according to which the blood sacrifice of innocents returns men to God via the expiation of the sins of the guilty. Maistre sees this as a law of human history as unquestionable as it is mysterious.
Science
Examen de la Philosophie de Bacon, ("An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon", 1836) is a critique of the thought of Francis Bacon,[32] whom Maistre considers to be the fountainhead of the destructive rationalistic thought.[33] Maistre also argued, romantically, that genius plays a pivotal role in great scientific discoveries, as demonstrated by inspired intellects such as Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, contrary to Bacon's theory about conforming to a mechanistic method.[34]
Legacy and reputation
Politics
Together with the
However, according to Carolina Armenteros, who has written four books about Maistre, his writings influenced not only conservative political thinkers but also the utopian socialists.[41] Early sociologists such as Auguste Comte and Henri de Saint-Simon explicitly acknowledged the influence of Maistre on their own thinking about the sources of social cohesion and political authority.[26][27]
Maistre has been criticized by classical liberals. Literary critic Émile Faguet described Maistre as "a fierce absolutist, a furious theocrat, an intransigent legitimist, apostle of a monstrous trinity composed of pope, king and hangman, always and everywhere the champion of the hardest, narrowest and most inflexible dogmatism, a dark figure out of the Middle Ages, part learned doctor, part inquisitor, part executioner".[42] Political historian Isaiah Berlin considered Maistre a forerunner to the 20th-century movement of fascism, claiming that Maistre knew the self-destructive impulses in human nature and intended to exploit them; and he compared Maistre's political views to those of The Grand Inquisitor, a Dostoevsky character.[43] However, fascists openly rejected Maistre's reactionary conservatism. [44]
Literature
Maistre's skills as a writer and polemicist ensured that he continues to be read. Matthew Arnold, an influential 19th-century critic, wrote as follows while comparing Maistre's style with that of his Irish counterpart Edmund Burke:
"Joseph de Maistre is another of those men whose word, like that of Burke, has vitality. In imaginative power he is altogether inferior to Burke. On the other hand, his thought moves in closer order than Burke's, more rapidly, more directly; he has fewer superfluities. Burke is a great writer, but Joseph de Maistre's use of the French language is more powerful, more thoroughly satisfactory, than Burke's use of the English. It is masterly; it shows us to perfection of what that admirable instrument, the French language, is capable."[45]
The Catholic Encyclopedia of 1910 describes his writing style as "strong, lively, picturesque" and states that his "animation and good humour temper his dogmatic tone".[15] George Saintsbury called him "unquestionably one of the greatest thinkers and writers of the eighteenth century".[46] Although a political opponent, Alphonse de Lamartine admired the splendour of his prose, stating:
"That brief, nervous, lucid style, stripped of phrases, robust of limb, did not at all recall the softness of the eighteenth century, nor the declamations of the latest French books: it was born and steeped in the breath of the Alps; it was virgin, it was young, it was harsh and savage; it had no human respect, it felt its solitude; it improvised depth and form all at once ... That man was new among the enfants du siècle [children of the century]."[47]
Maistre is also associated with the Counter-Enlightenment movement Romanticism[48][49][50] and is often referred to as a Romantic.[34][51][23] Among those who admired him was Charles Baudelaire – the most famous Romantic poet in France – who described himself a disciple of the Savoyard counter-revolutionary, claiming that Maistre had taught him how to think.[52][53][54]
Works
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Catholic philosophy |
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- Nobilis Ioseph Maistre Camberiensis ad i.u. lauream anno 1772. die 29. Aprilis hora 5. pomeridiana Archived 27 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine (Turin, 1772) – Joseph de Maistre's decree thesis, kept in the National Library of the University of Turin.
- Éloge de Victor-Amédée III (Chambéry, 1775)
- Lettres d'un royaliste savoisien à ses compatriotes (1793)
- Étude sur la souveraineté (1794)
- De l'État de nature, ou Examen d'un écrit de Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1795)
- Considérations sur la France (London [Basel], 1796)
- Intorno allo stato del Piemonte rispetto alla carta moneta (Turn, Aosta, Venice, 1797–1799)
- Essai sur le Principe Générateur des Constitutions Politiques, 1814, [1st. Pub. 1809]
- Du Pape, Tome Second, 1819.
- De l'Église Gallicane, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, 1821.
- Les Soirées de Saint-Pétersbourg ou Entretiens sur le Gouvernement Temporel de la Providence, Tome Second, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, 1821.
- Lettres à un Gentilhomme Russe sur l'Inquisition Espagnole, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, 1822.
- Examen de la Philosophie de Bacon, ou: l'on Traite Différentes Questions de Philosophie Rationnelle, Tome Second, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, 1836.
- Lettres et Opuscules Inédits du Comte Joseph de Maistre, Tome Second, édit. Rodolphe de Maistre, Paris, 1853.
- Mémoires Politiques et Correspondance Diplomatique, édit. Albert Blanc, Paris, 1859.
- English translations
- Memoir on the Union of Savoy and Switzerland, 1795.
- Essay on the Generative Principle of Political Constitutions, 1847.
- The Pope: Considered in His Relations with the Church, Temporal Sovereignties, Separated Churches and the Cause of Civilization, 1850.
- Letters on the Spanish Inquisition, 1838.
- In Menczer, Béla, 1962. Catholic Political Thought, 1789–1848, University of Notre Dame Press.
- "Human and Divine Nomenclature", pp. 61–66.
- "War, Peace, and Social Order", pp. 66–69.
- "On Sophistry and Tyranny", pp. 69–71.
- "Russia and the Christian West", pp. 72–76.
- Lively, Jack. ed. The Works of Joseph de Maistre, Macmillan, 1965 (ISBN 978-0805203042).
- Richard Lebrun, ed. Works of Joseph de Maistre:
- The Pope, Howard Fertig, 1975 (ISBN 978-1296620059)
- St. Petersburg Dialogues, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1993 (ISBN 978-0773509825)
- ISBN 978-0773501829)
- Against Rousseau: "On the State of Nature" and "On the Sovereignty of the People", McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996 (ISBN 978-0773514157)
- Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1998 (ISBN 978-0773517271)
- The Pope, Howard Fertig, 1975 (
- Blum, Christopher Olaf (editor and translator). Critics of the Enlightenment, ISI Books, 2004 (ISBN 978-1932236132)
- 1798, "Reflections on Protestantism in its Relations to Sovereignty", pp. 133–56.
- 1819, "On the Pope", pp. 157–96.
- Lively, Jack. ed. The Generative Principle of Political Constitutions: Studies on Sovereignty, Religion, and Enlightenment, Transaction Publishers, 2011 (ISBN 978-1412842655)
- In Blum, Christopher O., editor and translator. Critics of the Enlightenment, Cluny Media, 2020 (ISBN 978-1952826160)
- 1797, "Considerations on France" (excerpt of first two sections), pp. 75–90.
- 1819, "On the Pope", pp. 91–100.
See also
- Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald
- François-René de Chateaubriand
- Romanticism
- Traditionalist conservatism
- Ultramontanism
Notes
References
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (September 2022) |
- ^ John Powell, Derek W. Blakeley, Tessa Powell. Biographical Dictionary of Literary Influences: The Nineteenth Century, 1800-1914. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. P267.
- ISBN 9781611475067.
- ^ "Joseph de Maistre". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Beum, Robert (1997). "Ultra-Royalism Revisited," Modern Age, Vol. 39, No. 3, p. 305.
- ^ "Joseph de Maistre," The Dublin Review, Vol. XXXIII, 1852.
- ^ The issue of Maistre's national identity has long been contentious. In 1802, after the invasion of Savoy and Piedmont by the armies of the French First Republic, Maistre had fled to Cagliari, the ancient capital of Kingdom of Sardinia that resisted the French invasion; he wrote to the French ambassador in Naples, objecting to having been classified as a French émigré and thus subject to confiscation of his properties and punishment should he attempt to return to Savoy. According to the biographical notice written by his son Rodolphe and included in the Complete Works, on that occasion Maistre wrote:
Sources such as the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Catholic Encyclopedia identify Maistre as French by culture, if not by law. In 1860, Albert Blanc, professor of law at the University of Turin, in his preface to a collection of Maistre's diplomatic correspondence wrote that"He had not been born French, and did not desire to become French, and that, never having set foot in the lands conquered by France, he could not have become French."
— Œuvres complètes de Joseph de Maistre, Lyon, 1884, vol. I, p. XVIII."this philosopher [Maistre] was a politician; this Catholic was an Italian; he foretold the destiny of the House of Savoy, he supported the end of the Austrian rule [of northern Italy], he has been, during this century, one of the first defenders of [Italian] independence."
— Correspondance diplomatique de Joseph de Maistre, Paris, 1860, vol. I, pp. III-IV. - ^ Masseau, Didier (2000). Les Ennemis des Philosophes. Editions Albin Michel.
- ^ Alibert, Jacques (1992). Joseph de Maistre, Etat et Religion. Paris: Perrin.
- ^ Lebrun, Richard (1989). "The Satanic Revolution: Joseph de Maistre's Religious Judgment of the French Revolution", Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History, Vol. 16, pp. 234–240.
- ^ Garrard, Graeme (1996). "Joseph de Maistre's Civilization and its Discontents", Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 429–446.
- ^ a b c d Berlin, Isaiah (24 November 2005) [1965]. "The Second Onslaught: Joseph de Maistre and Open Obscurantism" (PDF). Two Enemies of the Enlightenment. Wolfson College, Oxford. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
- ^ "Etude Culturelle - Recherches Historiques". Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
- ^ "Etude Culturelle - Recherches Historiques". Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
- ^ Triomphe, Robert (1968). Joseph de Maistre. Genève: Droz. pp. 39–41. Preview available here
- ^ a b c Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ Vulliaud, Paul (1926). Joseph de Maistre Franc-maçon. Paris: Nourry.
- ^ Lebrun, Richard. "A Brief Biography of Joseph de Maistre". University of Manitoba. Archived from the original on 25 March 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ Greifer, Elisha (1961). "Joseph de Maistre and the Reaction Against the Eighteenth Century," The American Political Science Review, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 591–598.
- ^ Bordeaux, Henri (1895). "Joseph de Maistre à Genève et à Lausanne". In: Semaine Littéraire, II, pp. 478–480.
- ^ Ferret, Olivier (2007). La Fureur de Nuire: Échanges Pamphlétaires entre Philosophes et Antiphilosophes, 1750-1770. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation.
- ^ Teeling, T.T. (1985). "Joseph de Maistre," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XX, p. 824.
- ^ a b Lebrun, Richard (1967). "Joseph de Maistre, how Catholic a Reaction?" (PDF). CCHA Study Sessions. 34: 29–45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2007.
- ISBN 2825118710
- ^ Barth, Hans (1956). "Auguste Comte et Joseph de Maistre". In: Etudes Suisses de l'Histoire Générale, XIV, pp. 103–138.
- ^ a b Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (1903). The Philosophy of Auguste Comte. New York: Putnam and Sons, pp. 297-8.
- ^ ISBN 052143405X
- ^ Murray, John C. (1949). "The Political Thought of Joseph de Maistre," The Review of Politics, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 63–86.
- ^ Bradley, Owen (1999). A Modern Maistre: The Social and Political Thought of Joseph de Maistre. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
- ^ Lebrun, Richard A. (1969). "Joseph de Maistre, Cassandra of Science," French Historical Studies, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 214–231.
- ^ Kochin, Michael S. (2002). "How Joseph De Maistre Read Plato's Laws," Polis, Vol. 19, Nos. 1–2, pp. 29–43.
- ^ Huet, François (1837). "Le Chancelier Bacon et le Comte Joseph de Maistre." In: Nouvelles Archives Historiques, Philosophiques et Littéraires. Gand: C. Annoot-Braekman, vol. I, pp. 65–94.
- ^ Gourmont, Rémy de (1905). "François Bacon et Joseph de Maistre." In: Promenades Philosophiques. Paris: Mercure de France, pp. 7–32.
- ^ OCLC 502414345.
- ISBN 978-0-691-20777-3.
- ^ Fuchs, Michel (1984). "Edmund Burke et Joseph de Maistre", Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa, Vol. 54, pp. 49–58.
- ^ Tarrago, Rafael E. (1999). "Two Catholic Conservatives: The Ideas of Joseph de Maistre and Juan Donoso Cortes," Archived 13 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine Catholic Social Science Review, Vol. 4, pp. 167–177.
- ^ Spektorowski, Alberto (2002). "Maistre, Donoso Cortes, and the Legacy of Catholic Authoritarianism," Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 283–302.
- ^ Gerin-Ricard, Lazare de (1929). Les Idées Politiques de Joseph de Maistre et la Doctrine de Maurras. La Rochelle: Editions Rupella.
- OCLC 985104734. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ISBN 0-8014-4943-X
- ISBN 0-521-46628-8.
- ^ Isaiah, Berlin (1965). The Second Onslaught: Joseph de Maistre and Open Obscurantism (PDF) (Speech). Harkness Theater, Columbia University.
- ISBN 0299148742
- ^ Arnold, Matthew (1973). "Joseph de Maistre on Russia." In: English Literature and Irish Politics. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, p. 87.
- ^ Saintsbury, George (1917). A Short History of French Literature. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 469.
- ^ de Lamartine, Alphonse (1874). "Les De Maistre". Souvenirs et Portraits. Vol. 1. Paris: Hachette et Cie. p. 189.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - OCLC 845004043.
- ^ Lebrun, Richard A. (1974). "Introduction". In de Maistre, Joseph (ed.). Considerations on France. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 11.
- OCLC 733805752.
- )
- ^ Alphonsus, Mère Mary (1942). The Influence of Joseph de Maistre on Baudelaire. "De Maistre et Edgar Poe m'ont appris à Raisonner" (journaux intimes). Bryn Mawr: Bryn Mawr College doctoral thesis.
- ^ Eygun, Francois-Xavier (1990). "Influence de Joseph de Maistre sur les "Fleurs du Mal" de Baudelaire", Revue des Etudes Maistriennes, Vol. 11, pp. 139–147.
- ^ "De Maistre and Edgar Poe taught me to reason." – Baudelaire, Charles (1919). Intimate Papers from the Unpublished Works of Baudelaire. Baudelaire – His Prose and Poetry. New York: The Modern Library, p. 245.
Sources
- Armenteros, Carolina (2007). "From Human Nature to Normal Humanity: Joseph de Maistre, Rousseau, and the Origins of Moral Statistics," Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 107–30.
- Armenteros, Carolina (2007). "Parabolas and the Fate of Nations: Early Conservative Historicism in Joseph de Maistre's De la Souveraineté du Peuple," History of Political Thought, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 230–52.
- Armenteros, Carolina et al.. (2010). The New Enfant du Siècle: Joseph de Maistre as a Writer, St. Andrews Studies in French History and Culture.
- Armenteros, Carolina (2011). The French Idea of History: Joseph de Maistre and his Heirs, 1794–1854. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press ISBN 0-8014-4943-X
- Armenteros, Carolina and Richard Lebrun (2011). Joseph de Maistre and his European Readers: From Friedrich von Gentz to Isaiah Berlin. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
- Armenteros, Carolina and Richard Lebrun (2011). Joseph de Maistre and the Legacy of Enlightenment. Oxford: The Voltaire Foundation.
- Austern, Donald M. (1974). The Political Theories of Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre as Representative of the Schools of Conservative Libertarianism and Conservative Authoritarianism. Amherst: Boston College Doctoral Thesis.
- Barbey D'Aurevilly, Jules(1889). "Joseph de Maistre". In: Les Prophètes du Passé. Paris: Calmann Lévy, pp. 50–69.
- Barthelet, Philippe (2005). Joseph de Maistre: Les Dossiers H. Geneva: L'Age d'Homme.
- Blamires, Cyprian P. (1985). Three Critiques of the French Revolution: Maistre, Bonald and Saint-Simon. Oxford: Oxford University Doctoral Thesis.
- Bradley, Owen (1999). A Modern Maistre: The Social and Political Thought of Joseph de Maistre. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
- Brandes, Georg (1903). "Joseph de Maistre." In: Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, Vol. 3. The Reaction in France. New York: The Macmillan Company, pp. 87–112
- Buchanan, Patrick (2007). State of Emergency. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-37436-5.
- Camcastle, Cara (2005). The More Moderate Side of Joseph de Maistre. Ottawa: McGill-Queen's University Press.
- Caponigri, A.R. (1942). Some Aspects of the Philosophy of Joseph de Maistre. PhD Thesis, University of Chicago.
- Croce, Benedetto (1922). "Il Duca di Serra-Capriola e Giuseppe de Maistre". In: Archivio Storico per le Province Napoletane, Vol. XLVII, pp. 313–335.
- Edwards, David W. (1977). "Count Joseph de Maistre and Russian Educational Policy, 1803-1828", Slavic Review, Vol. 36, pp. 54–75.
- Eichrodt, Joan B. (1968). Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality, and Joseph de Maistre. New York: Columbia University Master's Thesis.
- Faust, A.J. (1882). "Count Joseph de Maistre," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. VII, pp. 17–41.
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- ISBN 88-420-7598-1.
- Garrard, Graeme (1995). Maistre, Judge of Jean-Jacques. An Examination of the Relationship between Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Joseph de Maistre, and the French Enlightenment. Oxford: Oxford University Doctoral Thesis.
- Garrard, Graeme (1996). "Joseph de Maistre's Civilization and Its Discontents," Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 429–46.
- Ghervas, Stella (2008). Réinventer la Tradition: Alexandre Stourdza et l'Europe de la Sainte-Alliance. Paris: Honoré Champion. ISBN 978-2-7453-1669-1.
- Gianturco, Elio (1937). Joseph de Maistre and Giambattista Vico (Italian Roots of the Maistre's Political Culture). New York: Columbia University.
- Gianturco, Elio (1936). "Juridical Culture and Politico-historical Judgement in Joseph de Maistre", Roman Revue, Vol. 27, pp. 254–262.
- Glaudes, Pierre (1997). Joseph de Maistre et Les figures de l'Histoire: Trois Essais sur un Précurseur du Romantisme Français. In: Cahiers Romantiques. Saint Genouph: Librairie Nizet.
- Godechot, Jacques (1982). The Counter-Revolution, Princeton University Press.
- Lebrun, Richard A. (1988). Joseph de Maistre: An Intellectual Militant. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0645-4.
- Lebrun, Richard A. (ed., 1988). Maistre Studies, Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
- Lebrun, Richard A. (2001). Joseph de Maistre's Life, Thought and Influence: Selected Studies. Ottawa: McGill-Queen's University Press.
- Lombard, Charles (1976). Joseph de Maistre. Boston: Twayne. ISBN 0-8057-6247-7.
- Legittimo, Gianfranco (1963). Sociologi Cattolici Italiani: De Maistre, Taparelli, Toniolo. Roma: Il Quadrato.
- Maistre, Rodolphe de, Hexis d'un soir ou de la prénotion d'un retour de l'Esprit dans la science, La Compagnie Littéraire, 2016, 154p. [1] (ISBN 978-2-87683-566-5)
- Mandoul, Jean (1900). Un Homme d'État Italien: Joseph de Maistre et la Politique de la Maison de Savoie. Paris: Alcan.
- Mazlish, Bruce (1955). Burke, Bonald and de Maistre. A Study in Conservatism. New York: Columbia University Doctoral Thesis.
- McMahon, Darrin M. (2002). Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity. Oxford University Press.
- Menczer, Béla (1962). "Joseph de Maistre." In: Catholic Political Thought, 1789–1848. University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 59–61.
- Monteton, Charles Philippe Dijon de (2007). Die Entzauberung des Gesellschaftsvertrags. Ein Vergleich der Anti-Sozial-Kontrakts-Theorien von Carl Ludwig von Haller und Joseph Graf de Maistre im Kontext der politischen Ideengeschichte. Frankfurt am Main et al. ISBN 978-3-631-55538-5.
- Morley, John (1909). "Joseph de Maistre."In: Critical Miscellanies. London: Macmillan & Co., pp. 257–338.
- Muret, Charlotte Touzalin (1933). French Royalist Doctrines since the Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Pranchère, Jean-Yves (1992). Qu'est-ce que la Royauté? Joseph de Maistre. Paris: Vrin.
- Pranchère, Jean-Yves (2005). L'Autorité contre les Lumières: la Philosophie de Joseph de Maistre. Geneva: Droz.
- Sacré-Cœur Mercier, Lucille du (1953). The Historical Thought of the Comte Joseph de Maistre. Washington: Catholic University of America Thesis.
- Siedentop, Larry Alan (1966). The Limits of Enlightenment. A Study of Conservative Political Thought in Early Nineteenth-Century France with Special Reference to Maine de Biran and Joseph de Maistre. Oxford: Oxford University Doctoral Thesis.
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- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Joseph-Marie, Comte de Maistre". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
External links
- Pignatelli, Giuseppe (2006). "MAISTRE, Joseph de". ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
- Works by or about Joseph de Maistre at Internet Archive
- Works by Joseph de Maistre at Europeana
- Works by Joseph de Maistre at Hathi Trust
- The Joseph de Maistre Homepage at the University of Cambridge
- Works of Joseph de Maistre in English Translation
- Britannica Com: Joseph de Maistre
- Saintsbury, George (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 445–446.
- The Super-Enlightenment: Joseph de Maistre[dead link]