Joseph L. Melnick

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Melnick in 1958

Joseph Louis Melnick (October 9, 1914 – January 7, 2001) was an American

polio. The New York Times called him "a founder of modern virology".[1]

Early life and education

Melnick was born on October 9, 1914, in Boston and moved with his family to New Haven, Connecticut, when he was seven years old. He earned his undergraduate degree from Wesleyan University in 1936 and was awarded a Ph.D. in physiological chemistry from Yale University. He became a member of the Yale faculty under John R. Paul, and was named a professor of epidemiology in 1954.[1]

Polio research

Research by Melnick found that the most common way polio was spread was by fecal contamination, usually by soiled hands, and that the

Dorothy Horstmann, Melnick published the results of a study that showed that polio could be transmitted by flies, though they were not the primary vector for the disease. He was among the first to discover that the polio virus belonged to a larger class now known as the enteroviruses — a form of virus that could enter the central nervous system under certain conditions — and was among those who discovered that polio and other enteroviruses only rarely invade the central nervous system.[1]

Chief virologist

Leaders in the effort against polio were honored at the opening of the Polio Hall of Fame on January 2, 1958. From left: Thomas M. Rivers, Charles Armstrong, John R. Paul, Thomas Francis Jr., Albert Sabin, Joseph L. Melnick, Isabel Morgan, Howard A. Howe, David Bodian, Jonas Salk, Eleanor Roosevelt and Basil O'Connor.[2]

Melnick was chosen as the chief virologist at the division of biological standards at the

Michael E. DeBakey, Melnick investigated the possible effects that cytomegalovirus might have on coronary artery diseases.[1]
Research performed by Melnick with a team at Baylor and published in the journal Science in 1968 and later found evidence that implicated viruses, including herpes simplex virus, as a cause of some forms of cervical cancer.[3]

A regimen for the treatment of a polio outbreak in the 1980s in the Gaza Strip and West Bank by a joint effort of Israeli and Palestinian health officials used a combination of live attenuated and inactivated forms of the polio vaccine as recommended by Melnick and Nathan Goldblum, as those receiving as many as four doses of the oral polio vaccine alone were still susceptible to polio.[4]

On January 2, 1958, Melnick was one of 17 people inducted into the Polio Hall of Fame at Warm Springs, Georgia together with 10 other European and American polio experts.[5]

An editor of multiple scientific journals, Melnick wrote and edited the section on virology in a standard text on microbiology.[1] Melnick was recognized by the Sabin Vaccine Institute in 1996 with its Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal, recognizing his pioneering research in the study of polio and the more than 100 virologists he trained during his career.[6]

Melnick died at age 86 on January 7, 2001, in Houston, as a result of complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was survived by his wife, Matilda Benyesh-Melnick, his daughter and granddaughter.[1]

See also

  • History of poliomyelitis

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Altman, Lawrence K. "Joseph Melnick, Polio Pioneer, Dies at 86", The New York Times, January 21, 2001. Accessed November 6, 2019. "Dr. Joseph L. Melnick, a founder of modern virology, a pioneer in polio research and a leader in environmental science, died on Jan. 7 in Houston, where he worked for more than 40 years at the Baylor College of Medicine."
  2. ^ Furman, Bess (January 3, 1958). "New Hall of Fame Hails Polio Fight". The New York Times. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  3. ^ Rawls, William E.; Adam, Ervin; and Melnick, Joseph L. An Analysis of Seroepidemiological Studies of Herpesvirus Type 2 and Carcinoma of the Cervix, Cancer Research (journal) 33, pp. 1477-1482, June 1973. Accessed September 6, 2017.
  4. . Accessed September 27, 2010.
  5. ^ Furman, Bess. "New Hall Of Fame Hails Polio Fight; Foundation Unveils Busts of Roosevelt, Salk and 15 Others at Warm Springs Marks 20th Birthday Mrs. Roosevelt Praises Role of Vaccine -- O'Connor Sees New Conquests of Disease", The New York Times, January 3, 1958. Accessed September 6, 2017.
  6. ^ Gold Medal Award Archived 2012-08-14 at the Wayback Machine, Sabin Vaccine Institute. Accessed September 27, 2010.