Joseph Thomas Clover
Joseph Thomas Clover | |
---|---|
Aylsham, Norfolk , England | |
Died | 27 September 1882 3 Cavendish Place, London, England | (aged 57)
Occupation(s) | Physician, anaesthetist |
Joseph Thomas Clover (born 28 February 1825; baptised 7 May 1825 – 27 September 1882)[1] was an English doctor and innovator of anaesthesia. He invented a variety of pieces of apparatus to deliver anaesthetics, including ether and chloroform, safely and controllably. By 1871 he had administered anaesthetics 13,000 times without a fatality.
Clover assisted at surgery of public figures including
His inventions included the bulky 'Clover's chloroform apparatus' (1862), with which he was often photographed; and the compact 'Clover's portable regulating ether inhaler' (1877), which remained in use well into the 20th century.
With fellow innovator
Early life
Clover was born in the town of
Clover enrolled to study medicine at
Career
Clover became house surgeon to James Syme upon graduation in 1846. He became Resident Medical Officer at University College Hospital in 1848, and was admitted as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1850.[2] Originally Clover developed an interest in the field of urology. He practised as a surgeon, inventing two instruments for the crushing and removal of bladder stones. Ill health caused him to give up in 1853 and he turned to general practice.[5]
He then worked as a general practitioner in 1853.[2] He set up his practice at 3 Cavendish Place, London, which became his home until his death in 1882.
After several years in general practice he devoted his practice to anaesthetics, and became "chloroformist" to the University College Hospital, the
Clover was probably present[2] at Robert Liston's first operation under ether anaesthesia at University College Hospital in December 1846.
Clover wrote in 1871 that he had given chloroform more than 7000 times, in addition to other
Important cases
Because of his expertise in anaesthesia, Clover was often sought out when important figures required surgery. He gave
Clover gave chloroform to
Clover also administered general anaesthesia to Sir
Apparatus
During his lifetime, Clover invented and improved a variety of pieces of medical apparatus, especially those for easier and safer anaesthesia. Some of these inventions bore his name, including:
Clover's chloroform apparatus
Clover's chloroform apparatus was invented in 1862.
A dose of 20
Many photographs of Clover, heavily bearded, depict his chloroform apparatus slung over his shoulder.
Clover's ether inhaler
Clover invented his portable ether inhaler in 1877.[8] Judging by the illustration on the right, it was much admired at the time. It remained in use, modified in various ways, well into the 20th century.[10]
Clover's crutch
Clover's crutch was a device for maintaining the patient in the lithotomy position.[2]
Death
Clover's health was fragile throughout his life. He died of uraemia aged 57.[4] He is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London. His grave is only 200 yards away from that of fellow anaesthetics innovator, John Snow.[8]
Posthumous recognition
Together with
A memorial plaque on the site of his clinic at 3 Cavendish Place, Marylebone, was unveiled on 2 March 1994.[5]
References
- ^ a b c d e Sykes, page 8.
- ^ a b c d e f g Rushman, page 27.
- ^ 1861 England Census. RG 9/72. 133: The National Archives. 1861. p. 7.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b c d Maltby, page 39.
- ^ a b City of Westminster green plaques "Westminster City Council - Green Plaques Scheme". Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ Sykes, pages 8,30.
- ^ a b Sykes, page 30.
- ^ a b c d e Rushman, page 28.
- ^ Rushman, page 57.
- ^ Duncum, 1947.
- ^ "The College Crest". The Royal College of Anaesthetists. 2014. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
Bibliography
- Duncum, Barbara M., The Development of Inhalation Anaesthesia with Special Reference to the Years 1846–1900, Oxford University Press, 1947. ISBN 978-1-85315-225-2
- Maltby, J.R. Notable Names in Anaesthesia. The Royal Society of Medicine Press, London, 2002. ISBN 1-85315-512-8
- Rushman, G.B., Davies N.J.H., Atkinson, R.S. A Short History of Anaesthesia: the First 150 Years. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1996. ISBN 0-7506-3066-3
- Sykes, W.S. Essays on the First Hundred Years of Anaesthesia, Volume 2. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1960. ISBN 0-443-02866-4