Judaeo-Portuguese
Judaeo-Portuguese | |
---|---|
Judeu-Português יהודי-פורטוגזית | |
Native to | Portugal, Netherlands, Germany (Hamburg), England, North America, Brazil |
Extinct | estimated early 19th century[citation needed] fewer than 2,000 users in a limited liturgical context |
Indo-European
| |
Dialects |
|
Portuguese alphabet), Hebrew alphabet Arabic script | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
Judaeo-Portuguese, Jewish-Portuguese or Judaeo-Lusitanic, is an extinct
Description
It was the vernacular of
As Portuguese Jews intermarried with other expelled Sephardim, the language influenced the nearby
History
The earliest known text containing Judeo-Portuguese text is a manuscript from 1262 about illuminating manuscripts called O livro de como se fazem as cores.[3][self-published source] After the Jewish exodus from Portugal in 1497 many Portuguese Jews would flee to the Dutch Republic and Judeo-Portuguese would intake a lot of Dutch influence.[4] This same exodus would cause the language to spread to the Turkish Jewish community.[4] It would go extinct in the early 19th century, though since then has only been used liturgically.[3][self-published source]
Literature
The oldest text containing Judeo-Portuguese is a manuscript from 1262 about illuminating manuscripts called O livro de como se fazem as cores.[3]During the 15th century several texts including one about medical astrology and a prayer book.[4] Even until today is it still used liturgically but only by a very small number of people.[3]
Decline
The decline of Judeo-Portuguese would begin with the introduction of public schooling. Eventually declining to home use before finally only being used liturgically.[4]
Characteristics
There existed several dialects of Judeo-Portuguese divided into 2 categories referred to as Peninsular Judeo-Portuguese and Emigre Judeo-Portuguese, though the differences between them are unclear.[4]
Portuguese archaisms
Judaeo-Portuguese | Modern Portuguese | English meaning |
---|---|---|
algũa/אלגומה | alguma | any |
angora/אנגורהا | agora | now |
dous/דוס | dois | two |
hũa/הוא | uma | a, an, one |
Influences from Hebrew
Judeo-Portuguese | Hebrew | English meaning |
---|---|---|
קדוש/kadoš | קדוש/kadosh | holy |
ישיבה/ješiva | ישיבה/yeshiva | Religious School |
מַצָּה/macá | מַצָּה/matzah | ritual bread |
מִצְוָה/micvá | מִצְוָה/mitzvah | commandments |
ראש/roš | ראש/rosh | head |
ראשים/rašim | ראשים/rashim | heads |
ראש השנה/roš hašaná | ראש השנה/rosh hashanah | Jewish New Year |
שבת/šabá | שבת/Shabbat | Saturday |
צדקה/cedaká | צדקה/tzedakah | charity |
קְהִלָה/kejlá | קְהִלָה/qehila | congregation |
קידוש/kiduš | קידוש/kiddush | blessing over the wine |
טבה/tevá | טבה/tevah | central platform in the synagogue |
Influences from Judaeo-Spanish/Ladino
Judaeo-Portuguese | Portuguese | Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino) | English meaning |
---|---|---|---|
aj | há | ay | there is |
Dio | Deus (arch. Deo) | Dio | God |
manim | mãos | manos | hands |
Influences from Greek
Judeo-Portuguese | Greek | English meaning |
---|---|---|
esnoga | συναγωγη/synagogē | synagogue |
Influence on other languages
Judeo-Portuguese has influenced several languages. These include Balkan dialects of Ladino, and Portuguese.[5]
Sample text
Judeo Portuguese | Judeo Portuguese (transliterated) | English |
---|---|---|
או ליברו די מג׳יקה | O Livro De Magica | The Book of Magic |
N/A | A todos nossos Irmãos, prezos pela Inquisição | To all our brethren confined by the Inquistion |
See also
- History of the Jews in Portugal
- Spanish and Portuguese Jews
- Lusophone
- Lusitanic
- Pallache family
- Judeo-Spanish
References
- ^ a b "Significado de judeo-português". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
- ^ Silva, Luiz Antônio da (org.) (2005). A língua que falamos: português, história, variação e discurso. Rio de Janeiro: Globo. p. 212.
- ^ a b c d Toledo, Selin (2018-10-27). "Ladino's Lost Sibling". Medium. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
- ^ a b c d e "Judeo-Portuguese". Jewish Languages. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
- ISBN 3-447-05404-2.
- Judaeo-Portuguese in Jewish Language Research Center
- Thesouro dos Dinim, a halakhic work (annotated transcription) Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- Thesouro dos Dinim, a halakhic work (partial facsimile)
- Menasseh Ben Israel de la fragilidad humana y inclinacion del hombre al peccado. Parte primera
- Strolovitch, Devon L. (2005) Old Portuguese in Hebrew Script: Convention, Contact, and Convivência. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.