Judaeo-Portuguese

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Judaeo-Portuguese
Judeu-Português
יהודי-פורטוגזית
Native toPortugal, Netherlands, Germany (Hamburg), England, North America, Brazil
Extinctestimated early 19th century[citation needed]
fewer than 2,000 users in a limited liturgical context
Indo-European
  • Galician-Portuguese
    • Judaeo-Portuguese
Dialects
  • Peninsular Judeo-Portuguese
  • Emigre Judeo-Portuguese
Portuguese alphabet), Hebrew alphabet Arabic script
Language codes
ISO 639-3
GlottologNone

Judaeo-Portuguese, Jewish-Portuguese or Judaeo-Lusitanic, is an extinct

Jews of Portugal.[1]

Description

It was the vernacular of

As Portuguese Jews intermarried with other expelled Sephardim, the language influenced the nearby

Judeo-Spanish. Close similarity to Standard Portuguese made Judeo-Portuguese go extinct in Portugal, [1] Judeo-Portuguese influenced the Papiamento and Saramaccan
languages.

History

The earliest known text containing Judeo-Portuguese text is a manuscript from 1262 about illuminating manuscripts called O livro de como se fazem as cores.[3][self-published source] After the Jewish exodus from Portugal in 1497 many Portuguese Jews would flee to the Dutch Republic and Judeo-Portuguese would intake a lot of Dutch influence.[4] This same exodus would cause the language to spread to the Turkish Jewish community.[4] It would go extinct in the early 19th century, though since then has only been used liturgically.[3][self-published source]

Literature

The oldest text containing Judeo-Portuguese is a manuscript from 1262 about illuminating manuscripts called O livro de como se fazem as cores.[3]During the 15th century several texts including one about medical astrology and a prayer book.[4] Even until today is it still used liturgically but only by a very small number of people.[3]

Decline

The decline of Judeo-Portuguese would begin with the introduction of public schooling. Eventually declining to home use before finally only being used liturgically.[4]

Characteristics

There existed several dialects of Judeo-Portuguese divided into 2 categories referred to as Peninsular Judeo-Portuguese and Emigre Judeo-Portuguese, though the differences between them are unclear.[4]

Portuguese archaisms

Judaeo-Portuguese Modern Portuguese English meaning
algũa/אלגומה alguma any
angora/אנגורהا agora now
dous/דוס dois two
hũa/הוא uma a, an, one

Influences from Hebrew

Judeo-Portuguese Hebrew English meaning
קדוש/kadoš קדוש/kadosh holy
ישיבה/ješiva ישיבה/yeshiva Religious School
מַצָּה‬/macá מַצָּה‬/matzah ritual bread
מִצְוָה‬/micvá מִצְוָה‬/mitzvah commandments
ראש/roš ראש/rosh head
ראשים/rašim ראשים/rashim heads
ראש השנה/roš hašaná ראש השנה/rosh hashanah Jewish New Year
שבת/šabá שבת/Shabbat Saturday
צדקה/cedaká צדקה/tzedakah charity
קְהִלָה/kejlá קְהִלָה/qehila congregation
קידוש/kiduš קידוש/kiddush blessing over the wine
טבה/tevá טבה/tevah central platform in the synagogue

Influences from Judaeo-Spanish/Ladino

Judaeo-Portuguese Portuguese Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino) English meaning
aj ay there is
Dio Deus (arch. Deo) Dio God
manim mãos manos hands

Influences from Greek

Judeo-Portuguese Greek English meaning
esnoga συναγωγη/synagogē synagogue

Influence on other languages

Judeo-Portuguese has influenced several languages. These include Balkan dialects of Ladino, and Portuguese.[5]

Sample text

Judeo Portuguese Judeo Portuguese (transliterated) English
או ליברו די מג׳יקה O Livro De Magica The Book of Magic
N/A A todos nossos Irmãos, prezos pela Inquisição To all our brethren confined by the Inquistion

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Significado de judeo-português". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  2. ^ Silva, Luiz Antônio da (org.) (2005). A língua que falamos: português, história, variação e discurso. Rio de Janeiro: Globo. p. 212.
  3. ^ a b c d Toledo, Selin (2018-10-27). "Ladino's Lost Sibling". Medium. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Judeo-Portuguese". Jewish Languages. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  5. .