Judeo-Moroccan Arabic

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
A 1922 issue of the newspaper El Horria with Judeo-Moroccan Arabic (Darija) in Hebrew script.
Native toMorocco
EthnicityMoroccan Jews
Native speakers
66,000 (2000–2018)[1]
Hebrew alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3aju
Glottologjude1265
ELPJudeo-Moroccan Arabic

Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is the

Sephardi Jews following the Alhambra Decree.[3] The Jewish dialects of Darija spoken in different parts of Morocco had more in common with the local Moroccan Arabic dialects than they did with each other.[5]
: 64 

Nowadays, speakers of the language are usually older adults.

Alliance Israelite Universelle
under the French protectorate made French their mother tongue.

The vast majority of

native language
. Those who immigrated to metropolitan France typically use French as their first language, while the few still left in Morocco tend to use either French, Moroccan or Judeo-Moroccan Arabic in their everyday lives.

History and composition

Historically

Widely used in the Jewish community during

Hebrew loanwords and phrases (a feature of all Jewish languages). The dialect has considerable mutual intelligibility with Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, and some with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic (which, like Judeo-Moroccan Arabic, are associated with Maghrebi Arabic), but almost none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
.

Most literate Muslims in Morocco would write, not in vernacular Arabic, but in Standard Arabic, but Moroccan Jews, who typically did not learn Standard Arabic as it was taught in Islamic religious contexts, wrote in Darija using Hebrew script.[4]: 59  For them, Darija was a literary language: Judah ibn Quraish wrote a risala on Semitic languages in Maghrebi Judeo-Arabic to the Jews of Fes already in the ninth-century.[4]: 59 

Today

The vast majority of Morocco's 265,000 Jews emigrated to Israel after 1948, with significant emigration to Europe (mainly France) and North America as well. Although about 3,000 Jews remain in Morocco today,

Fes, and 250,000 in Israel (where speakers reported bilingualism with Hebrew). Most speakers, in both countries, are elderly. There is a Judeo-Arabic radio program on Israeli radio. It also has an impact on the language of Moroccan Jews on the economic and geographic peripheries of Israel, in places such as Beersheba as portrayed in Zaguri Imperia.[9]

Varieties

Simon Levy identifies three groups of Judeo-Moroccan Arabic based on the pronunciation of the letter qaf (in traditional Maghrebi Arabic script: ق, in Hebrew script: ק‎): 1) the dialects of Jewish communities in Fez, Sefrou, Meknes, Rabat, and Salé, which pronounce the qāf as a hamza or glottal stop; 2) the dialects of Marrakesh, Essaouira, Safi, el-Jadida, and Azemmour, which pronounce it as a voiced post-velar occlusive [q]; and 3) the dialects of Debdou, Tafilalt, and the Draa River valley, which pronounce it as a voiced velar occlusive [k].[3]

References

  1. ^ Judeo-Moroccan Arabic at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Sibony, Jonas (September 2019). "Curses and profanity in Moroccan Jewish-Arabic and what's left of it in the Hebrew sociolect of Israelis from Moroccan origins". Romano-Arabica. XIX.
  3. ^
    ISSN 0181-4095
    .
  4. ^
    S2CID 213996367
    .
  5. OCLC 1201718554
    .
  6. ^ Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  7. ^ "EJP | News | France | Jewish pilgrims flock to Morocco to honour celebrated rabbis". Archived from the original on 2012-05-18. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
  8. ^ "Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-Arabic". Archived from the original on 21 July 2020.
  9. S2CID 236561204
    .

External links

Judeo-Moroccan Arabic test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
  • Reka
    Kol Israel
    radio station broadcasting a daily program in Judeo-Moroccan (Mugrabian)
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