Jules de Polignac
Jules de Polignac | |
---|---|
Prime Minister of France | |
In office 8 August 1829 – 29 July 1830 | |
Monarchs | Charles X Jean-Baptiste de Villèle |
Preceded by | François-René de Chateaubriand |
Succeeded by | Pierre de Montmorency-Laval |
Personal details | |
Born | Versailles, Île-de-France, Kingdom of France | 14 May 1780
Died | 2 March 1847 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, France | (aged 66)
Resting place | Picpus Cemetery |
Political party | Ultra-royalist |
Spouses | Barbara Campbell
(m. 1816; died 1819) |
Children | Armand Seyna-Camille Gabrielle de Polastron |
Signature | |
Jules Auguste Armand Marie de Polignac, Count of Polignac (French pronunciation: [ʒyl də pɔliɲak]; 14 May 1780 – 30 March 1847),[1] then Prince of Polignac, and briefly 3rd Duke of Polignac in 1847, was a French statesman and ultra-royalist politician after the Revolution. He served as prime minister under Charles X, just before the July Revolution in 1830 that overthrew the senior line of the House of Bourbon.
Early life
Born in
With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, Jules's mother and her circle were forced to flee abroad due to threats against their lives. She had been one of the most consistent supporters of absolutism, and she bequeathed these political sympathies to her son following her death in 1793.
Marriages and issue
Jules married twice. He was married firstly, in 1816, at London to Barbara Campbell (Ardneaves House, Islay 22 Aug. 1788 – Saint-Mandé 23 May 1819), a young Scotswoman, who later returned with him to France, with whom he had two children:
- Prince Armand (1817–1890), later 4th duc de Polignac;[citation needed] he has male-line descendants to date who bear the principal title.
- Princess Seyna-Camille (1818–1833)
After his first wife's death in 1819, he married in London, on 3 June 1824, Charlotte, comtesse de Choiseul, widow of comte Cesar de Choiseul (d. 1821), née the
- Polytechnique in 1849 and formulated Polignac's conjecture the same year. He married Jeanne Emilie Mirès (called Amelie by Kahan) and had one daughter. He died some time after a very public trial exonerated his father-in-law Jules Mirès of embezzlement.[6]
- Polytechniquein 1851 and pursued a military career. He married in 1874 Gabriele, Princess von Croy, with no issue.
- Princess Yolande (1830–1855), named after her grandmother Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchess of Polignac. She was born shortly before her father's incarceration as an Ultra.[7] In 1848, she married Sosthène II de La Rochefoucauld, duc de Doudeauville.
- Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He married twice: by his first marriage, he had one daughter; by his second marriage, he had two daughters and one son, Prince Victor de Polignac (1899–1998). He has issue and descendants through his eldest daughter.[8]
- Prince Edmond (1834–1901), later a noted musician and composer, who married Winnaretta Singer in a famous mariage blanc.
The couple's marriage was annulled by the French Chamber of Peers, but Jules and Charlotte went to England after his release in 1836, and they renewed their vows before the French consul in 1837.[9]
Career
This article is part of Conservatism in France |
Returning to France, which was then ruled by
At the time, it was rumoured that Polignac supported ultra-royalist policies because he thought he was receiving inspiration from the
On 8 August 1829, Charles X appointed him to the ministry of foreign affairs and in the following November, Polignac became president of the council, effectively the most powerful politician in France. His appointment was considered a step towards overthrowing the constitution and Polignac, with other ministers, was held responsible for the decision to issue the Four Ordinances, which were the immediate cause of the revolution of July 1830.
Upon the outbreak of revolt, he fled, wandering for some time among the wilds of Normandy before he was arrested at Granville. At his trial before the Chamber of Peers, he was condemned and sentenced to 'perpetual' imprisonment at the château in Ham. But he benefited by the amnesty of 1836, when his sentence was commuted to exile. During his captivity, he wrote Considerations politiques (1832). Afterwards, he spent several years in exile in England before being permitted to re-enter France, on condition that he never again take up his abode in Paris.
According to the
From his second marriage to Maria-Charlotte Parkyns, daughter of Lord Rancliffe, Jules de Polignac had fathered seven children, including Prince Ludovic de Polignac (1827–1904), a lieutenant-colonel in the French Army who participated in the colonization of
Jules died at St. Germain in 1847 from the effects of his imprisonment.[12] About one month prior, he had assumed the title of duc de Polignac upon the death of his older brother, Armand, who had died without children.
Ancestry
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See also
- List of Ambassadors of France to the United Kingdom
Literature
- W. Schlésinger, Les femmes du XVIIIe siècle: La duchesse de Polignac et son temps (Paris, 1889)
- Michael St. John Packe, refers to Polignac as "rascally" in his "Life of John Stuart Mill".
Notes
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ He was son of Sir Thomas Parkyns, 4th Bt, and was created Baron Rancliffe in the Peerage of Ireland. He predeceased his father Sir Thomas Parkyns, 3rd Bt (1728–1806) and was succeeded in the barony of Rancliffe 1800 by his son George Augustus Anne, who became 4th Bt in 1806. The second Baron Rancliffe died 1850 without issue.
- ^ "George Augustus Henry Anne PARKYNS". genealogy.links.org. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ^ "Maria Charlotte Parkyns (Parkins) 1792 – post 1824" Genealogy of Charlotte de Polignac, nee Parkyns, retrieved 24 December 2012.
- ^ Sylvia Kahan. In Search of New Scales: Prince Edmond De Polignac, Octatonic Explorer University of Rochester Press, 2009
- ^ Kahan, p 26
- ^ See Kahan p.11 According to Kahan, Jules was allowed conjugal visits from his wife, and thus his last two sons were conceived in prison.
- ^ "Modern Day Line from Charles Allanson Knight and Jessie Anne Ramsey" Archived 19 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 25 December 2012
- ^ See Kahan p.13
- ^ a b UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
- ^ "Prince Auguste Jules Armand Marie de Polignac". University College London. Retrieved on 20 March 2019.
- ^ a b "Jules-Armand, prince de Polignac | French statesman". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
- ^ The Life of John Stuart Mill, Michael St. John Packe, Capricorn Books Edition 1970, page 100
public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Polignac". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the