Julian Marchlewski
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Julian Marchlewski | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | 22 March 1925 | (aged 57)
Nationality | Polish |
Citizenship | Russian Empire Soviet Union |
Alma mater | University of Zurich |
Occupation(s) | Lawyer, journalist, art critic, economist |
Political party | |
Signature | |
Julian Baltazar Józef Marchlewski (17 May 1866 – 22 March 1925) was a Polish communist politician, revolutionary activist and publicist who served as chairman of the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee. He was also known under the aliases Karski and Kujawiak.[1]
Life and career
Julian Marchlewski was born in
Marchlewski returned to Russian-occupied Poland, after 13 years abroad, during the Russian Revolution of 1905 in the Polish territories. Early in 1906, the SDPKiL sent him to Belgium to buy weapons. In June, he and Dzerzhinsky presided over the Fifth SDPKiL congress, in Zakopane, where they decided to affiliate with the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP),[6] which was split between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, and to align with Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks. Late in 1906, he was arrested, but the police could not establish who he was, and he was released early in 1907.[7] In May 1907, he part of the SDPKiL delegation at the London Congress of the RSDLP, and was elected an alternate member of the Central Committee.[3]
After the failure of the 1905 revolution, Marchlewski returned to Germany, where he lived semi-illegally for nine years. His partnership with Parvus as it emerged that Parvus's management had bankrupted their publishing venture. He worked as a journalist writing for newspapers run by the German Social Democratic Party until September 1913 when, as acting editor of Leipziger Volkszeitung, he was barred by the party from publishing an article by Rosa Luxemburg. He broke off relations with the SDP leadership, which he believed had become 'revisionist' - i.e. no longer revolutionary. In December 1913, he launched a new journal, Sozialdemokratische Korrespondenz, using his flat as the editorial office, with himself, Rosa Luxemburg and Franz Mehring as the regular contributors.[8] On the outbreak of war in 1914, he joined the small anti-war group within the SDP, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, originally known as Gruppe Internationale, later as Spartakusbund, the forerunner of the German Communist Party. Marchlewski was arrested in January 1916, and was in a German prison during the Russian Revolution, but was released in June 1918 as part of a prisoner exchange that followed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and was deported to Russia, where he joined the Bolsheviks. He was named as a Soviet diplomatic representative first in Vienna, and in October his name was put forward as the first soviet ambassador in Poland, but never took up either post, because neither the Austrians nor the Poles recognsied the soviet regime, and instead stayed in Russia organising Polish communists.[3]
In January 1919, he returned to Berlin illegally, after being refused entry at the German border, to help found the German Communist Party, and was dispatched to the Ruhr. After Liebknecht and Luxemburg had been murdered, in Berlin, he noticed that police were trailing him, and in disguise he joined a group of agricultural workers who were heading home to Galicia, which was now in Poland. Arriving there in March, he made contact with
In autumn 1921, Marchlewski was sent on a long diplomatic mission to China. He returned in June 1922. He was the first rector of the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West.[3] As an economist, he was an expert in agriculture and took part in the preparation of the Bolshevik program with respect to the peasantry. He wrote scientific and ideological works. He died near Nervi, Italy in 1925 during a vacation.
His body was returned to Poland, where he was interred at Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw.[12] His daughter Sonja was the second wife of the artist Heinrich Vogeler and his younger brother was the chemist Leon Marchlewski.
Legacy
In 1926, he was the namesake for the
Panzerregiment 23 "Julian Marchlewski", part of the 9th Panzer Division of the Land Forces of the National People's Army, was named in his honor. The regiment disbanded along with the entire National People's Army when Germany reunified in 1990.
References
- ISBN 978-9-004-20156-9.
- ^ a b Nettl, J.P. (1966). Rosa Luxemburg. London: Oxford University Press. p. 78.
- ^ ISBN 0-8179-1211-8.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Nettl. Rosa Luxemburg. p. 58.
- ^ Nettl. Rosa Luxemburg. pp. 157, 263.
- ^ Nettl. Rosa Luxemburg. p. 344.
- ^ Nettl. Rosa Luxemburg. p. 360.
- ^ Nettl. Rosa Luxemburg. p. 467.
- ISBN 978-0-712-60694-3.
- ^ Davies. White Eagle, Red Star. pp. 72–73.
- ^ Davies. White Eagle, Red Star. pp. 152–53.
- ^ Aby usunąć z Powązek groby zbrodniarzy komunistycznych trzeba zmienić przepisy. 17.10.2017, niezalezna.pl