Julio Anguita
Julio Anguita | |
---|---|
Coordinator of United Left | |
In office 1 November 1989 – 29 October 2000 | |
Preceded by | Gerardo Iglesias |
Succeeded by | Gaspar Llamazares |
Secretary General of the Communist Party of Spain | |
In office 21 February 1988 – 7 December 1998 | |
Preceded by | Gerardo Iglesias |
Succeeded by | Francisco Frutos |
Mayor of Córdoba | |
In office 18 April 1979 – 1 February 1986 | |
Preceded by | Antonio Alarcón Constant |
Succeeded by | Herminio Trigo |
Member of the Congress of Deputies | |
In office 21 November 1989 – 5 April 2000 | |
Constituency | Madrid |
Member of the Parliament of Andalusia | |
In office 22 June 1986 – 21 November 1989 | |
Constituency | Córdoba |
Personal details | |
Born | Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain | 21 November 1941
Died | 16 May 2020 Córdoba, Spain | (aged 78)
Political party | PCE (1972–2020) IU (1986–2020) |
Children | Julio Anguita Parrado (1971–2003) Ana Anguita Parrado |
Alma mater | University of Barcelona |
Occupation | Politician, teacher |
Nickname | El califa rojo |
Julio Anguita González (21 November 1941 – 16 May 2020)[1] was a Spanish politician and historian. He was Mayor of Córdoba from 1979 to 1986, coordinator of United Left (IU) between 1989 and 1999, and Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) from 1988 to 1998. Due to his enormous influence and his absolute majorities in the Córdoba city council, he was nicknamed el califa rojo (the red Caliph).[2]
Biography
Anguita was born in
Mayor of Córdoba
In 1979, he was
In 1986 he resigned and announced that he will not seek for reelection.[11] However, shortly afterwards he would jump into the Andalusian political sphere when he became a candidate of the United Left (IU) for the President of the Regional Government of Andalusia in the 1986 regional election in which he obtained 19 seats and the third political force in Parliament of Andalusia.[12]
Secretary General of the PCE and leader of IU
In February 1988 he was elected as secretary general of the Communist Party,[13] and the following year he became the leader of United Left, becoming the candidate to Prime Minister in the 1989 general election gaining 17 seats in the Congress of Deputies.[14] He was also candidate in the 1993[15] and 1996 elections,[16] the years when IU had better than average electoral results.[17]
He was famously accused multiple times of making a "pincer" against the PSOE teaming up with the People's Party.[18][19] Anguita later declared that "the pincer" (la pinza) had been a fabrication of the media and disgruntled IU members such as Diego López Garrido and Cristina Almeida who ultimately formed the Democratic Party of the New Left.[20]
He left the general secretariat on 5 December 1998 during the XV Congress of the PCE, asking communist militants to demand the principles of anti-capitalism, anti-system and the fight for an egalitarian society. He politically equated the PSOE and the PP and called on the militancy to regain the fight on the street.[21][22]
After a third cardiovascular problem at the end of 1999 he relinquished his candidacy for chairman in the
Later years
After his political career, he returned to his job as History teacher[27] and renounced written the life pay as a former deputy.[28]
On 1 June 2005, at the XVII Congress of the PCE, he presented a document calling for the re-founding of the party, reflecting on the International Communist Movement. He pointed out the negative impact brought by the fall of the Soviet Union and the uncriticalness and submission of the unions and the Left to the established capitalist order.[29] On 22 April 2008, he sent the Federal Committee of the PCE a document in which he defended the need for a 'refounding' of IU. In his letter, he attributed the electoral debacle to the "lack of a clear line", and the absence of a coherent program. He defended radical democracy, the fight for the Third Republic and federalism, both for the coalition's organizational model and for the defended state model. In his opinion, the debate should open at the next federal assembly of IU.[30]
In 2012, in the midst of the Spanish economic crisis, he promoted and became the figurehead of the Frente Cívico "Somos Mayoría" ("Civic Front 'We are Majority'"), a social movement vowing to gather and mobilise the social majority who was suffering the effects of the crisis and the imposed austerity.[31][32]
It was usual for him to be interviewed on political talk shows, especially on the show La sexta noche.[33] His last interview was on 8 May 2020, a day before being admitted to the hospital for the Todo es mentira program, being interviewed by presenter Risto Mejide and where he stated "let's reflect on how we are going to live so that everyone lives well" during pandemic in Spain.[34]
Death
On 16 May 2020 he died after being hospitalized on 9 May at Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, after suffering a
Positions
He advocated a political program for United Left based on the two shores theory, consisting of the establishment of differences between, on the one hand, the People's Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), and, on the other, the United Left. He also said that pacts with PSOE should be established under programmatic single agreements, not systematically (a conception expressed in his well-known motto "programa, programa, programa").[41][42]
A firm opponent at the time of the signing of the
The deep Catholic convictions he professed in his youth marked him to the point he opposed the idea of
In 2018, as embryonic plans for a new movement to promote the third Spanish Republic (with Anguita, Illueca and Monereo reportedly on board) were announced in the media, Anguita, a staunch republican, declared to El Español that the new Republic "needs to be transversal", "Neither Right nor Left".[47]
He criticized the provisional imprisonment of the Catalan independence leaders and deemed them political prisoners, denying the existence of a crime of rebellion.[48] He rejected a unilateral declaration of independence, as well as the application of article 155 of the Constitution, considering that a consultation with the population was the solution.[49]
Personal life
Anguita married Antonia Rojas Parrado in 1969. They had two children, Ana Anguita Parrado and Julio Anguita Parrado. They divorced in 1977. In 2007 he wed María Agustina Martín Caño.[50][51]
Julio Anguita Parrado, a journalist, died on 7 April 2003, while embedded as a foreign reporter to the
Publications
After his first book Corazón Rojo (Red Heart, 2005) where he testifies over his life after the cardiovascular problems, he published in 2007 the Prologue of the book La Globalización Neoliberal y sus repercusiones en la educación (The Neoliberal Globalization and its impact in the education) from the University teacher and researcher Enrique Díez, and in 2008 he published El Tiempo y la Memoria (Time and Memory), written in collaboration with the Cordoban journalist and writer Rafael Martínez Simancas where he manifests his will to keep fighting.[54]
References
- ^ García, Sebastian (16 May 2020). "Muere Julio Anguita en Córdoba a los 78 años". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ "El 'califa rojo'". El País (in Spanish). 11 February 1988. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ Rodríguez, Juan Carlos (1 December 2013). "Tengo una pensión de 1.848 euros, un Seat León y un ordenador. ¿Para qué más?". El Mundo.
- ^ a b c d Prades, Joaquina (29 October 2000). "Auge y caída del líder que nunca se equivocaba". El País.
- ISBN 3-930700-53-0.
- ^ "Muere a los 78 años Julio Anguita, histórico dirigente de Izquierda Unida". Público. 16 May 2020.
- ^ Francisco Solano Márquez Cruz (1993); Córdoba capital. Volume I: Historia, page. 351
- ^ Juan de Dios Mellado (2005). Crónica de un Sueño: Memoria de la transición democrática en Córdoba, C&T Editores, page. 104
- ^ "¿Qué alcaldes han gobernado en Córdoba desde la Transición?". ABC. 14 June 2019.
- ^ Juan de Dios Mellado (2005). Crónica de un Sueño: Memoria de la transición democrática en Córdoba, C&T Editores, page. 132
- ^ Cordoba, Francisco Luis (5 February 1986). "Anguita anuncia que dimitirá el día 11 como alcalde de Córdoba". El País.
- ^ "Julio Anguita, una vida a la izquierda". El Día de Córdoba.
- ^ "Julio Anguita explicó su decisión final de aceptar la secretaría del PCE como "una apuesta del corazón". La Vanguardia. 22 February 1988.
- ^ Mauri, Luis (30 October 1989). "Julio Anguita destaca el desplazamiento del electorado hacia la izquierda". El País.
- ^ Rivas, Javier (25 April 1993). "JIU nombra candidato a Julio Anguita sin el apoyo del 37% de su dirección". El País.
- ^ "Julio Anguita: más de cuatro décadas de entrega por una democracia "radical, republicana y federalista"". Cadena SER. 16 May 2020.
- ^ "El mejor resultado de los partidos a la izquierda del PSOE: 23 diputados del PCE en 1979". Info Libre. 6 December 2015.
- ^ Alvarez Taylor, Alex (23 May 2020). "Julio Anguita (1941–2020)". Jacobin.
- ^ Toral, Óscar (17 September 2012). "Las 10 reivindicaciones del nuevo proyecto político de Julio Anguita". El Periódico.
- ^ Cué, Carlos E. (22 September 2006). "Anguita y la pinza que nunca existió". El País.
- ^ Díez, Anabel; Serrano, Rodolfo (6 December 1998). "Anguita se despide del PCE con una llamada a los comunistas para que defiendan sus valores". El País.
- ^ Serrano, Rodolfo (4 December 1998). "El PCE llega a su XV Congreso con la sucesión de Anguita pactada". El País.
- ^ Cué, Carlos E. (18 December 1999). "La dirección de IU decide que Frutos sustituya a Anguita, pero sólo para las elecciones". El País.
- ^ "Frutos pregunta a Aznar si sacaría los tanques ante un triunfo del PC". La Vanguardia. 8 December 1998.
- ^ "IU elige hoy al sucesor de Julio Anguita tras 12 años al frente de la coalición". Última Hora. 29 October 2000.
- ^ "Llamazares gana en IU por un solo voto". La Vanguardia. 29 October 2000.
- ^ Rodriguez, Jose Luis (2 December 2000). "El profesor Anguita vuelve a clase". El País.
- ^ "Julio Anguita y la integridad". ABC.es. 9 March 2011.
- ^ "Título: Refundar, reconstruir el PCE, por Julio Anguita González". profesionalesPCM.
- ^ "Julio Anguita llama a la refundación de Izquierda Unida»". El País. 22 April 2008.
- eldiario.es.
- ABC. 20 September 2012.
- La Sexta. 16 May 2020.
- El Periódico. 16 May 2020.
- ^ "Julio Anguita, hospitalizado grave tras sufrir una parada cardiorrespiratoria". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 May 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- Unidad Editorial Información General, S.L.U. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- ^ "Muere Julio Anguita en Córdoba a los 78 años". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 16 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- Radio Televisión Española(in Spanish). 17 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Pablo Iglesias despide a Anguita, el "mejor referente político" que le marcó el camino y siempre "señaló al poder"". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 16 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Presidente cubano lamenta muerte de Julio Anguita, "histórico líder español"". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 17 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Programa, programa…". Diario 16. 17 May 2020.
- ^ Agra, Juan Olabarria (11 September 1997). "Izquierda Unida y la ética de la responsabilidad". El País.
- ^ "Julio Anguita encabeza un "frente cívico" contra la crisis". El Confidencial. 22 July 2012.
- eldiario.es.
- ^ a b Serrano, Rodolfo (8 December 1998). "Anguita: el hombre que no quiso ser el líder". El País.
- Agencia EFE. 24 March 2019.
- ^ Ramírez, Daniel (27 September 2018). "Anguita vuelve a la carretera para defender la III República con una plataforma transversal". El Español.
- ^ "Julio Anguita: "Quiero una Tercera República transversal, ni de derechas ni de izquierdas"". El Español. 16 May 2020.
- ^ "Julio Anguita, sobre Cataluña: "Paz y diálogo, ni DUI ni 155, que la ciudadanía tome la palabra"". 20 Minutos. 6 October 2017.
- ^ "Biografía de Julio Anguita . Quién es, vida, historia, bio resumida". www.buscabiografias.com. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ "Julio Anguita se casa a los 66 años con una compañera del instituto en el que trabajaba". El País. 18 March 2007.
- ^ "Julio A. Parrado muere víctima de un misil al sur de Bagdad". El Mundo. 7 April 2003.
- ^ "Julio Anguita: "Malditas sean las guerras y los canallas que las hacen"". El País. 7 April 2003.
- ^ Anguita, Julio; Martínez-Simancas, Rafael (19 September 2006). Ortiz, Javier; Blanch, Jaime (eds.). "El tiempo y la memoria" (PDF). La Esfera de los Libros. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009.