Julius Axelrod
Julius Axelrod | |
---|---|
Born | New York City, U.S. | May 30, 1912
Died | December 29, 2004 Bethesda, Maryland, U.S. | (aged 92)
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | City College of New York (BS) New York University (MS) George Washington University (PhD) |
Known for | Catecholamine metabolism |
Spouse |
Sally Taub
(m. 1938; died 1992) |
Children | Two sons - Paul and Alfred |
Awards |
|
Scientific career | |
Fields | Bernard Brodie[citation needed ] |
Julius Axelrod (May 30, 1912 – December 29, 2004)
Education and early life
Axelrod was born in New York City, the son of
Research
Analgesic research
In 1946, Axelrod took a position working under
Catecholamine research
In 1949, Axelrod began work at the National Heart Institute, forerunner of the
Axelrod received his Nobel Prize for his work on the release, reuptake, and storage of the neurotransmitters
In 1958, Axelrod also discovered and characterized the enzyme
Pineal gland research
Some of Axelrod's later research focused on the pineal gland. He and his colleagues showed that the hormone melatonin is generated from tryptophan, as is the neurotransmitter serotonin. The rates of synthesis and release follows the body's circadian rhythm driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus within the hypothalamus. Axelrod and colleagues went on to show that melatonin had wide-ranging effects throughout the central nervous system, allowing the pineal gland to function as a biological clock. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1971.[11] He continued to work at the National Institute of Mental Health at the NIH until his death in 2004.
Many of his papers and awards are held at the
Awards and honors
Axelrod was awarded the
Research trainees
Personal life
Axelrod injured his left eye when an
Political views
After receiving the Nobel Prize in 1970, Axelrod used his visibility to advocate several science policy issues. In 1973 U.S. President
See also
References
- ^ S2CID 39140897.
- PMID 4394111.
- S2CID 54313055.
- PMID 7982784.
- PMID 8309264.
- PMID 15738927.
- S2CID 4413335.
- S2CID 38956854.
- ^ "American Jewish Recipients of the Nobel Prize". Fau.edu. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
- .
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
- ^ "Julius Axelrod Papers 1910-2004 (bulk 1946-1999)". National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Craver, Carl F. (2008). "Axelrod, Julius". Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 19. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 122.
Further reading
- The Julius Axelrod Papers – Profiles in Science, National Library of Medicine
- Snyder, S. H. (2007). "Julius Axelrod". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 151 (1): 81–90. PMID 18175546.
- Insel, T. R. (2006). "Introduction". S2CID 264005277.
- "Julius Axelrod (1912-2004)". Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 49 (2): 251–252. 2005. PMID 16247945.
- Iversen, L. (1992). "Remembrance: Leslie L. Iversen, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Harlow, England. "The Axelrod Lab, 1964-1965"". Endocrinology. 131 (1): 4. PMID 1612020.
- Saavedra, Juan M. (1988). "Special issue: Tribute to Julius Axelrod on the occasion of his 75th birthday". S2CID 11440945.
- Anon (1970). "Nobel Prizes: Neurophysiologists Honoured (Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod, Bernard Katz)". Nature. 228 (5269): 304. S2CID 43451577.
- Nobel Prize Biography
- Autobiography (for Society for Neuroscience; 2.2MB pdf) Archived March 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- Julius Axelrod Papers (1910–2004) – National Library of Medicine finding aid
- Obituary at washingtonpost.com
- Kanigel, Robert, "Apprentice to Genius" ISBN 0-8018-4757-5.
- Sabbatini, R.M.E.: Neurons and synapses. The history of its discovery IV. Chemical transmission. Brain & Mind, 2004.
- National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
- Interview with Dr. Axelrod in the NIH Record, Feb. 19, 1991
External links
- Julius Axelrod on Nobelprize.org