Jund al-Urdunn
| Jund al-Urdunn | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province of the Seljuk attacks, First Crusade | late 11th century | ||||||||||
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| Today part of | Israel West Bank Jordan Lebanon | ||||||||||
Jund al-Urdunn (
Jordan Valley (especially in the north).[1]
Subdistricts and major towns
The 10th-century geographer
Saffuriya.[4]
The geographers
al-Ya'qubi (d. 892) held that the Ghawr was subordinate to Jund Dimashq.[2]
Population
Galilee
The Galilee was referred to as "Jabal al-Jalil" by the 9th century Arab geographer Ya'qubi (d. 891), who noted that its residents were Banu Amilah Arabs.[6] Michael Ehrlich asserts that while the majority of people in the Western Galilee and Lower Galilee probably embraced Islam during the early Islamic period, the Islamization process in the Eastern Galilee took a little longer and lasted until the Mamluk period.[7]
Governors
Rashidun period
- Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (639, appointed by Caliph Umar after the death of the overall governor of Syria Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah; concurrently governed the junds of Dimashq and Filastin)[8]
- Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (639-), may have been appointed to the post by Umar after the death of his brother Yazid in 639, when he was appointed to Dimashq)[8]
- Abu al-A'war al-Sulami, governor under Mu'awiya.[9]
Umayyad period
- Abu Uthman ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam (685–705, governed for unspecified period during his brother Caliph Abd al-Malik's rule;[9] identified by Moshe Gil as Aban ibn Marwan,[10] while Asad Q. Ahmed identified him with another brother of Abd al-Malik, Uthman ibn Marwan)[11]
- Ubayda ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami (685–705, governed for unspecified period during Abd al-Malik's reign; nephew of Abu al-A'war)[9]
- Umar ibn al-Walid (705–715, governed during the rule of his father Caliph al-Walid I)[12]
- Umar II)[13]
- Ishaq ibn Qabisa ibn Dhu'ayb al-Khuza'i (724–743, governed during the rule of Caliph Hisham; son of one of Abd al-Malik's brother-in-laws and secretaries)[14]
- Tha'laba ibn Salama al-Amili[citation needed]
- Al-Walid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Marwan (744–750, governed during the rule of his cousin Caliph Marwan II; a nephew of Abd al-Malik)[10]
Abbasid period
-
- Ziyad ibn Abi al-Ward (amil, i.e. a fiscal supervisor, under Abdallah ibn Ali)[15])
- Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (754–775, governed during the rule of his uncle Caliph al-Mansur; also governed Dimashq during al-Mansur's rule)[16]
See also
- Greater Syria
- Jordan River
- Jund Filastin
- Levant
- Mashriq
- Middle East
- Palaestina Secunda
- Shaam
References
- OCLC 1004386.
- ^ a b le Strange 1890, p. 30.
- ^ le Strange 1890, p. 39.
- ^ le Strange 1890, p. 32.
- ^ le Strange 1890, pp. 30–31.
- ^ Strange, le, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p. 77.
- OCLC 1302180905.
- ^ a b Hinds 1993, p. 264.
- ^ a b c Crone 1980, p. 125.
- ^ a b Gil 1997, p. 115.
- ^ Ahmed 2010, p. 114.
- ^ Crone 1980, p. 126.
- ^ Crone 1980, p. 127.
- ^ Crone 1980, p. 128.
- ^ a b Sharon 1999, p. 218.
- ^ Amitai-Preiss 2015, p. 72.
Bibliography
- Ahmed, Asad Q. (2010). The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies. Oxford: University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research. ISBN 978-1-900934-13-8.
- Amitai-Preiss, Nitzan (2015). "What Happened in 155/771-72? The Testimony of Lead Seals". In Talmon-Heller, Daniella; Cytryn-Silverman, Katia (eds.). Material Evidence and Narrative Sources: Interdisciplinary Studies of the History of the Muslim Middle East. Leiden and Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-27159-3.
- ISBN 0-521-52940-9.
- ISBN 0-521-59984-9.
- Hinds, M. (1993). "Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān". In ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
- ISBN 90-04-11083-6.
- OCLC 1004386.