June 1962

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June 11, 1962: Three prisoners manage to escape from Alcatraz
June 19, 1962: Escape from East Berlin to be made more difficult

The following events occurred in June 1962:

June 1, 1962 (Friday)

  • The Soviet Union raised the price of consumer goods by more than 25 percent in order to cover higher operating expenses for the USSR's collective farm program. Butter was up 25%, and pork and beef by 30%.[1] In protest, workers walked off of the job at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Factory and the strike soon turned into an uprising.[2]
  • A list of the aerospace ground equipment required to handle and check out the
    Gemini spacecraft before flight was presented at the first spacecraft operations coordination meeting.[3]
  • Died:
    • Adolf Eichmann, 56, German SS officer and war criminal, hanged in Ramlah, Israel, after his conviction for war crimes[4]
    • Prime Minister of Liechtenstein[5]

June 2, 1962 (Saturday)

  • The day after price rises took effect in the Soviet Union, protests in the city of
    Alexander Solzhenitsyn's book The Gulag Archipelago would report that there had been more than 70 deaths.[9][10] The Soviet government would finally confirm the killings on June 3, 1989, in an article in Komsomolskaya Pravda.[11]
  • El Porteñazo, a military rebellion, was launched in Venezuela.[12]
  • Born: Paula Newby-Fraser, Zimbabwean triathlete and eight time gold medalist in women's Ironman World Championship; in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe)[13]
  • Died: Vita Sackville-West, 70, English poet, novelist and landscape gardener; from cancer[14]

June 3, 1962 (Sunday)

June 4, 1962 (Monday)

June 5, 1962 (Tuesday)

June 6, 1962 (Wednesday)

  • Helicopter pilot Ron Boyd led Canadian searchers to the wreckage of a Fairchild 24 single-engine plane that had been missing since August 28, 1951, along with the skeletons of Toronto Maple Leafs star Bill Barilko and pilot Henry Hudson. Another helicopter pilot, Cary Fields, had spotted signs of the wrecked plane on May 31.[35] The crash site was found about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Cochrane, Ontario,[36][37] about 35 miles (56 km) off course.
  • U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps Food and Container Institute. MSC's Life Systems Division was responsible for directing the development program.[3]
  • McDonnell Aircraft Corporation was authorized to procure an additional boilerplate Gemini spacecraft for parachute landing system tests. McDonnell estimated, however, that modifying the existing boilerplate would cost at least $17,000, while a new boilerplate would cost at most $12,000.[3]
  • discount department store market, opened its first store, in Columbus, Ohio.[38][39]
  • U.S. President
    West Point, New York.[40]
  • The Beatles first auditioned for record producer George Martin at the Abbey Road Studios, London.[41]
  • Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston became the first indigenous Governor-General of Sierra Leone.[42]
  • France's
    Médaille d'Outre-Mer.[43]
  • Born: Albita Rodríguez, Cuban singer, producer and composer; in Havana
  • Died:

June 7, 1962 (Thursday)

  • President Kennedy announced in a press conference that he would seek "an across-the-board reduction in personal and corporate income taxes", commenting that "Our tax structure, as presently weighted, exerts too heavy a drain on a prospering economy."[45] At the time, earnings of more than $200,000 were in a 91% federal tax bracket. In 1965, the top rate would drop to 70%. By 1988, the highest rate would be 28% for income over $31,050. The current high rate is 40% on income over $378,250.[46] On the same day, he presented a Congressional gold medal to the mother of Thomas Anthony Dooley III at a White House ceremony.[47]
  • Born:
  • Died:

June 8, 1962 (Friday)

June 9, 1962 (Saturday)

Park
Franco
  • South Korea's military leader Park Chung Hee ordered a surprise currency reform, freezing all bank accounts and ordering that the South Korean hwan be exchanged by the end of Monday in favor of the new South Korean won, at the rate of 10 hwan for each new won.[52] On June 16, a decree was issued to take individual bank account money, above a set limit, for a required purchase of stock in the government-owned Korean Industrial Development Corporation, and Park would later be forced to rescind both emergency measures under pressure from the United States.[53]
  • Spain's dictator Francisco Franco announced a two-year suspension of the constitutional right of Spanish citizens to live elsewhere in the country. Franco limited the privilege to supporters of his government, in response to strikes that had halted activity in the nation.[54]
  • The best-selling live album
    Jonathan Schwartz would later comment, "That was the night that Tony Bennett became Tony Bennett", as the singer performed 44 songs.[55]
  • As part of its immigration reform, Canada granted amnesty to Chinese persons who had entered the nation illegally prior to July 1, 1960.[56]
  • Died: Polly Adler, 62, Russian-born American bordello operator

June 10, 1962 (Sunday)

  • In the elections for
    Fernando Belaúnde Terry (544,180) and former president Manuel A. Odría (480,798), while another 108,593 votes were split among four minor candidates. However, the Constitution required that a candidate receive at least one-third of the popular vote to win, and Haya had 32.95% of the 1,690,618 ballots cast, falling 6,493 votes short.[57] Before the Congress of Peru could meet to decide the election, the government would be overthrown on July 18 and the results annulled. A new election would be held on June 6, 1963, with Belaúnde winning the presidency.[58]
  • Operation Anadyr, to place Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, was approved unanimously by the Presidium of the Soviet Union on the recommendation of Defense Minister Rodion Malinovsky and Prime Minister Nikita Khrushchev. Under the plan, 24 medium-range nuclear missiles and 16 intermediate-range missiles would be placed in Cuba, and a total of 50,874 Soviet military personnel would be placed on the island to defend against an invasion. The decision would precipitate the Cuban Missile Crisis in October.[59]
  • The first
    popular vote in Cambodia took place, as citizens went to the polls to approve the Sangkum candidates for Parliament. Although there were no choices, an author notes that the election "did get people used to the mechanics of voting, which would be of significant value in 1966".[60]
  • Soviet athlete Igor Ter-Ovanesyan set a new world long jump record of 8.31 metres (27'3"), breaking the record set by Ralph Boston.[61]
  • Born: Gina Gershon, American film and TV actress, singer and author; in Los Angeles[62]
  • Died: Trygve Gulbranssen, 68, Norwegian novelist, businessman and journalist[63]

June 11, 1962 (Monday)

June 11, 1962: The bus shortly after the impact

June 12, 1962 (Tuesday)

  • The mother of 15-year-old William Jefferson Blythe filed a petition to change her son's name, at his request, to that of her recently divorced husband. Afterward, Blythe would be known as Bill Clinton and would become President of the United States under that name in 1993.[72]
  • Three days before his high school graduation, 18-year-old George Lucas survived a near-fatal car crash caused by a fellow student. Lucas would abandon a dream to become a race car driver, and went on to become a successful filmmaker.[73]
  • The European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters entered into effect, after having been opened for signing on April 20, 1959.[74]
  • Born:
  • Died: John Ireland, 82, English composer

June 13, 1962 (Wednesday)

June 14, 1962 (Thursday)

  • Following a successful pilot episode shown in January, the classic British sitcom Steptoe and Son began its 12-year run on the BBC. Described as "the most popular situation comedy in British television history", the series about junk dealer Albert Steptoe (Wilfrid Brambell) and his son Harold (Harry H. Corbett) would later inspire an American counterpart, Sanford and Son.[78]
  • Anna E. Siesers, 55, was found dead in her apartment in Boston, raped and strangled to death. Before the end of the summer, four other women would be raped and strangled in and near Boston. They would be first victims of the serial killer nicknamed "The Boston Strangler".[79]
  • The
    Convention for a European Space Research Organisation was signed in Paris by ten European nations. It would take effect on March 20, 1964, and establish the forerunner of the European Space Agency.[80]
  • The West Lothian by-election in the UK, brought about by the death of the sitting MP, resulted in the election of Tam Dalyell.
  • Died:

June 15, 1962 (Friday)

June 16, 1962 (Saturday)

June 17, 1962 (Sunday)

  • Santiago, Chile. Czechoslovakia was ahead 1–0 on a goal by Josef Masopust, eleven minutes into the game and the teams were tied 1–1 at halftime. Zito hit a goal from Brazil at the 69th minute for a 2–1 edge. At 78 minutes, in the second half, Czechoslovakian goalie Viliam Schrojf was blinded by the sun, allowing Brazil's Vavá to score the final goal for the 3–1 win.[88]
  • Jack Nicklaus, 22 years old at the time, won the U.S. Open golf tournament in a playoff against Arnold Palmer at Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont, Pennsylvania. The two had tied at 283 at the end of 72 holes the day before. On the 18-hole playoff, Nicklaus had 71 and Palmer 74. It was Nicklaus's first professional tournament victory, and the first of eighteen major championships he would win in his career.[89]
  • In the UK, British Railways closed the former South Eastern Railway motive power depot at Bricklayers Arms in London, after 118 years in operation.[90]
  • The OAS signed a truce with the FLN in Algeria, but a day later announced that it would continue the fight on behalf of French Algerians.[91]

June 18, 1962 (Monday)

June 19, 1962 (Tuesday)

  • The Music Man, the film adaptation of Meredith Willson's 1957 Broadway musical of the same name, had its world premiere at the Palace Theater in Mason City, Iowa,[96] Willson's hometown and his inspiration for the film's setting, the fictitious town of River City, Iowa. In addition to Willson, director Morton DaCosta, emcee Arthur Godfrey, and stars Robert Preston and Shirley Jones were guests; the day also featured a national high school marching band contest with entries from 30 states.[97]
  • The second phase of building the Berlin Wall was commenced. Not only was the outer wall along the border with West Berlin increased, but buildings along the border were torn down in order to clear an area that extended at least 30 metres (98 ft) further from the border. The in-between area was then filled with land mines and other deterrents to escape.[98]
  • A second American attempt at a nuclear explosion in outer space ended in failure, two weeks after the first try. Before the
    Thor missile reached its altitude of 200 miles (320 km), the warhead was blown apart by ground control.[99]
  • Eric Gairy was dismissed as Chief Minister of Grenada, at that time a British colony, after a government inquiry found financial irregularities in the nation's budget.[100]
  • Born:
  • Died: Frank Borzage, 59, American film director; from cancer[103]

June 20, 1962 (Wednesday)

General DeWitt
  • Died: General
    Japanese American internment of 110,000 American citizens during World War II.[106]

June 21, 1962 (Thursday)

June 22, 1962 (Friday)

June 23, 1962 (Saturday)

  • The United States secretly sent word to the
    Nationalist China (on the island of Taiwan) to invade and retake the mainland from the Communists. Although the U.S. and Communist China did not have diplomatic relations at the time, both had ambassadors in Poland.[125] In Warsaw, U.S. Ambassador John Moors Cabot spoke with China's Wang Ping-nan to communicate the decision, made on June 20. At the same time, the U.S. reiterated that it would defend Taiwan in the event of a Communist invasion.[126]
  • Hiroshima Carp.[127] Larry Doby, who had been the second African-American in Major League Baseball, would join Newcombe on the Dragons as the second American to play Japanese baseball.[128]
  • Born: Shriti Vadera, Baroness Vadera, British investment banker and politician; to Gujarati Indian parents in Uganda

June 24, 1962 (Sunday)

June 25, 1962 (Monday)

  • United States Supreme Court ruled, 6–1, that mandatory prayers in public schools were unconstitutional.[131] The suit had been filed after the school board of New Hyde Park, New York had ordered each class to start the school day with the prayer, "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our Country", under the recommendation of the state Board of Regents. The decision affected an estimated 39,000,000 public school students.[132]
  • FRELIMO, the Frente de Libertação de Moçambique, was founded in Tanganyika by a merger of the National Democratic Union of Mozambique, the National Union for the Independence of Mozambique, and the National African Union of Mozambique, with Eduardo Mondlane as its first president. Mozambique would gain independence from Portugal on June 25, 1975, under the leadership of FRELIMO leader Samora Machel, on the 13th anniversary of the organization's founding.[133]
  • Gemini Project Office completed a thorough study of the reentry tracking histories of the first four Mercury crewed space missions. The study indicated that a C-band
    S-band beacon to improve tracking of spacecraft reentry through the Earth's ionization zone.[3]
  • In the case of
    United States Supreme Court ruled that photographs of nude men were not obscene, decriminalizing nude male pornographic magazines, and applying the same standard, for erotic magazines aimed at heterosexual readers, to homosexual readers.[134]
  • Actress Sophia Loren and her husband, producer Carlo Ponti, were ordered to stand trial on bigamy charges.[135]
  • İsmet İnönü of CHP formed the new government of Turkey (27th government, coalition partners; YTP and CKMP).

June 26, 1962 (Tuesday)

  • U.S. Representative Roy A. Taylor of North Carolina became the first member of Congress to propose a constitutional amendment to overcome the Supreme Court's ruling banning prayer in public schools. Miller's suggested 24th Amendment stated "Notwithstanding the 1st or 14th Article of Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, prayers may be offered and the Bible may be read in connection with the program of any public school in the United States."[136] In all, 56 Representatives and Senators offered amendments, none of which were approved for submission for ratification.[137]
  • Project Reef, an airdrop program to evaluate the Mercury 63-foot (19 m) ringsail main parachute's capability to support the higher spacecraft weight for the extended range or 1-day mission, was completed. Tests indicated that the parachute qualified to support the mission.[76]
  • The Belgian trust territory of
    Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi were created.[138]
  • A two-day steel strike began in Italy, in support of increased wages and a 5-day working week.

June 27, 1962 (Wednesday)

June 28, 1962 (Thursday)

  • Four different Lutheran groups—the
    Cobo Hall, four tall candles were put together to create one large flame.[140]
  • The Manned Spacecraft Center requested Langley Research Center's assistance in acoustic tests of ablation materials on Mercury flight tests. Langley was to prepare several material specimens to be tested for possible application in providing lightweight afterbody heat protection for Apollo class vehicles. Langley would report the results of its test preparation activities on September 21, 1962.[76]
  • John Henry Faulk, an American disc jockey whose career had been ruined by false charges that he was a Communist, was awarded $3.5 million by a New York jury.[141]
  • Sir Winston Churchill fell and broke his hip in Monte Carlo. He was flown to a London hospital where he remained for three weeks.[142]
  • Died: Mickey Cochrane, 59, American baseball player and manager

June 29, 1962 (Friday)

June 30, 1962 (Saturday)

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  118. ^ "Lessons from Neshoba, 'Freedom Summer murders' 21 June 1964". 2 Tragic Cases in June 21 1964: African American Chaney with Jewish Schwerner and Goodman are murdered by KKK while helping for civil rights. In 1962, Nazi Tacuara attack 19 years old student, torture her and carve swastika on her breast as a "revenge" for killing Eichmann. Later on, Hitler's ally, the Mufti's right hand Shukairy (Shukeiri who prayed for Hitler's victory ... saluted Tacuara, and was fired over this.
  119. ^ "The Clarion Herald". thecatholicnewsarchive.org. 6 August 1964. Retrieved 2020-09-11 – via Catholic Research Resources Alliance. Jewish university student Graciela Sirota, was kidnapped and driven to an isolated place where swastikas were carved on her body She was beaten, brutally tortured, and left with a swastika.
  120. ^ Young, Alvin L. (2009). The History, Use, Disposition and Environmental Fate of Agent Orange. Springer. pp. 193–194.
  121. ^ "ANOTHER 707 JET CRASHES, 103 FEARED LOST ON ISLE". Miami News. June 22, 1962. p. 1.
  122. ^ "12th Berlin International Film Festival". berlinale.de. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  123. ^
  124. ^ "Boeing 707 Air France (plusieurs stèles)" [Boeing 707 Air France (several steles)] (in French). Aérosteles. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  125. ^ John W. Garver, The Sino-American Alliance: Nationalist China and American Cold War Strategy in Asia (M.E. Sharpe, 1997) p9
  126. ^ "Reds Reportedly Warned By U.S.", Lewiston (ID) Morning Tribune , June 27, 1962, p1
  127. ^ "Newk In First Game", Daytona Beach (FL) Sunday News-Journal, June 24, 1962, p1-B
  128. ^ "Larry Doby to Play Baseball in Japan", Reading (PA) Eagle, June 24, 1962, p31
  129. ^ "Yankees Tip Tigers, 9-7 In 22 Historic Innings", Windsor (ON) Star, June 25, 1962, p19
  130. ^ Baseball-Almanac.com
  131. ^ "PRAYER RULED OUT IN SCHOOL". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. June 26, 1962. p. 1 – via Google News.
  132. Random House Digital
    .
  133. ^ Gyimah-Boadi, Emmanuel (2004). Democratic Reform in Africa: The Quality of Progress. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 184.
  134. ^ Sears, James T. (2006). Behind the Mask of the Mattachine: The Hal Call Chronicles And the Early Movement for Homosexual Emancipation. Harrington Park Press. pp. 462–463.
  135. ^ "Sophia Indicted on Bigamy Charges". Miami News. June 25, 1962. p. 1.
  136. ^ "School Prayer Bill Offered In House— Would Amend Constitution". Miami News. June 26, 1962. p. 1.
  137. ^ Keynes, Edward; Miller, Randall K. (1989). The Court Vs. Congress: Prayer, Busing, and Abortion. Duke University Press. p. 193.
  138. ^ "Two Nations Get Freedom— Rwanda and Burundi". Milwaukee Journal. June 28, 1962. p. 17.
  139. ^ Prestowitz, Clyde V. (2006). Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth And Power to the East. Basic Books. pp. 82–83.
  140. ^ "4 Lutheran Churches Merge at Ceremony". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. June 29, 1962. p. 1.
  141. ^ "$3.5 Million Libel Suit Won". Miami News. June 29, 1962. p. 5A.
  142. ISBN 978-03-30488-05-1
    .
  143. ^ "Test of Pay-Television In Hartford Meets With Enthusiastic Reception". The Evening Sun. Baltimore. June 30, 1962. p. 1.
  144. Ocala Star-Banner. Ocala, Florida
    . June 29, 1962. p. 3.
  145. ^ Mullen, Megan (2003). The Rise of Cable Programming in the United States: Revolution Or Evolution?. University of Texas Press. pp. 53–54.
  146. ^ Gilliat-Ray, Sophie (2010). Muslims in Britain: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 47.
  147. ^ Sumner, David E. (2010). The Magazine Century: American Magazines Since 1900. Peter Lang. p. 87.
  148. ^ "Remembering Benjamin Clark, Executive Chef". National September 11 Memorial & Museum. Retrieved September 11, 2023.
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