Juraj Jánošík

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Juraj Jánošík
Execution
NationalitySlovak
Other namesJuro Jánošík, Jurko Jánošík, Jerzy Janosik, Jánosik György
Occupation(s)soldier, prison guard, highwayman
Known forSlovak folk hero

Juraj Jánošík (first name also Juro or Jurko, Slovak pronunciation:

Nazi Slovak National Uprising
, one of the partisan groups bore his name.

Biography

The page No. 39 of the protocol from the trial with Juraj Jánošík. It is archived under the title Fassio Janosikiana, anno 1713 die 16 mensis Martii. Jánošík is called here "agili Georgius Janošík Tyarchoviensis latronum et praedorum antesignatus" - cautious (or agile) Juro Jánošík from the Ťarchová, the chief of the thieves and outlaws.[2]

Jánošík was born on 25 January 1688, and baptised shortly after. His parents were Martin Jánošík and Anna Čišníková from Terchová. His godparents were Jakub Merjad and Barbara Krištofíková.

He grew up in the village of

Habsburg army.[3] In autumn 1710, as a young prison guard in Bytča, he helped the imprisoned Tomáš Uhorčík escape.[4] They formed a highwayman group and Jánošík became its leader at the age of 23, after Uhorčík left to settle in Klenovec.[5] The group was active mostly in northwestern Kingdom of Hungary (today's Slovakia), around the Váh river between Važec and Východná,[6] but the territory of their activity extended also to other parts of today's Slovakia, as well as to Poland and Moravia.[3] Most of their victims were rich merchants. Under Jánošík's leadership, the group was exceptionally chivalrous: they did not kill any of the robbed victims and even helped an accidentally injured priest.[6] They are also said to have shared their loot with the poor and this part of the legend may be based on the facts too.[6]

Jánošík was captured in autumn 1712 and detained at the Mansion of Hrachovo, but was released soon afterwards.[7] He was captured again in spring of 1713, in the Uhorčík's residence in Klenovec (Klenóc).[2][8] Uhorčík lived there under the false name Martin Mravec at that time. According to a widespread legend, he was caught in a pub run by Tomáš Uhorčík, after slipping on spilled peas, thrown in his way by a treacherous old lady. Jánošík was imprisoned and tried in Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš, (present Liptovský Mikuláš).

His trial took place on 16 and 17 March 1713, when he was sentenced to death. The date of his execution was not recorded, but it was customary to carry it out as soon as the trial was over. The manner of his execution, not in public awareness until the early 19th century, became part of his modern legend. A hook was pierced through his left side and he was left dangling on the gallows to die. This brutal way of execution was reserved for leaders of robber bands.[6] However, sources diverge about how he was executed, and it is also possible that Jánošík was hanged.[2] A legend says that he refused the coup de grâce offered in exchange for naming his associates with the words: "If you have baked me so you should also eat me!" and jumped on the hook.[9]

Other members of Jánošík's group

Jánošík in film

Jánošík in literature

See also

  • Robin Hood - an English semi-legendary character
  • Harnaś - a Slavic title given to a commander of mountains footpad units.

Notes

  1. ^ "Tygodnik illustrowany: Pismo obejmujące ważniejsze wypadki spółczesne, życiorysy znakomitych ludzi, zabytki i pamiątki krajowe, podróże, powieści i poezye, sprawozdania z dziedziny sztuk pięknych, piśmiennictwa, nauk przyrodniczych, rolnictwa, przemysłu i wynalazków, szkice obyczajowe i humanistyczne, typy ludowe, ubiory i kostiumy, archeologię i.t.d". 1871.
  2. ^ a b c "Jaká je pravda o Jánošíkovi a Ilčíkovi?" (in Czech). www.ilcik.cz. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
  3. ^ a b Juraj Jánošík osobnosti.sk | životopisy, diela, tvorba, články, linky
  4. ^ Kočiš (1986), p. 47 (in Slovak)
  5. ^ Kočiš (1986), p. 50 (in Slovak)
  6. ^ a b c d Odpočíva Jánošík na dne Liptovskej Mary? Aktuality Terchová | terchova-info.sk
  7. ^ Kočiš (1986), p. 53 (in Slovak)
  8. ^ Kočiš (1986), p. 56 (in Slovak)
  9. ^ About Janosik
  10. ^ Martin Votruba, Historical and Cultural Background of Slovak Filmmaking

References

  • Kočiš, Jozef (1986). Neznámy Jánošík (in Slovak). Martin: Vydavatel´stvo Osveta. - contains also list of published literature, German, French, Russian and Hungarian résumé.
  • Melicherčík, Andrej (1963). Juraj Jánošík, hrdina protifeudálného odboja slovenského l´udu (in Slovak). Martin.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links

See also: Jánošík
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juraj Jánošík.
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