Justice and Equality Movement
Justice and Equality Movement | |
---|---|
حركة العدل والمساواة | |
Libyan Civil War (2014–2020) |
War in Darfur |
---|
|
Combatants |
Other articles |
|
The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM;
Formation and organization
This section needs to be updated.(November 2019) |
The Justice and Equality Movement trace their origin to the writers of the The Black Book: Imbalance of Power and Wealth in the Sudan, a manuscript published in 2000 that details what it views as the structural inequality in the country; the JEM's founder, Khalil Ibrahim, was one of the authors.[3]
The JEM claims to number around 35,000 with an ethnically diverse membership.[1] According to critics it is not the "rainbow of tribes" it claims to be, as most JEM members, including its leader, are from the Zaghawa tribe.[1] The JEM is part of the Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF), an alliance of groups opposed to the Government of Sudan.[6]
History of attacks
Raids on Haskanita
In the September and October 2007
Oilfield attacks and anti-government operations
In October 2007, the JEM attacked the Defra oilfield in the
On the morning of December 11, 2007, Khalil Ibrahim claimed that JEM forces fought and defeated Sudanese government troops guarding a Chinese-run oilfield in the Kordofan region. Khartoum officials, however, denied that any oil fields had come under attack. Ibrahim said that the attack was part of a JEM campaign to rid Sudan of Chinese-run oilfields and stated that "[The JEM] want all Chinese companies to leave. They have been warned many times. They should not be there."[13]
2008–2013 Khartoum attack and continued battles
In May 2008, JEM engaged in its most famous operation against the Sudanese government when it
In April 2013, JEM and its allies in the Sudan Revolutionary Front engaged in many successful attacks against Sudanese government forces. In a raid coordinated between all the parties of the SRF that included the use of 20 vehicles, the opposition forces briefly held the strategic city of Um Rawaba in North Kordofan, located 300 miles (480 km) south of Khartoum.[17] As part of the offensive, JEM and the SRF also gained control of Abu Korshola, a strategic town of 40,000 in South Kordofan.[18] In its bid to retake control, the Sudanese Armed Forces engaged in indiscriminate air raid campaigns.[19] On May 27, the opposition forces withdrew in order to allow humanitarian aid to be delivered to the area's residents.[20] During 2013, opposition forces continued to engage in offensive operations, leading to dozens of casualties for Sudanese forces around Abu Korshola.[21][22]
August 2020 peace agreement
The Justice and Equality Movement signed a peace agreement with the
Notes and references
- ^ a b c "Who are Sudan's Jem rebels?" Al Jazeera
- ^ "Libya on the Brink of a Full-blown Civil War?". Middle East briefing. III (144). 2016-09-22. Archived from the original on 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2019-11-01.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b "Who are Sudan's Darfur rebels?". BBC News. 23 February 2010. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ "Darfur's strongest rebel group elects new chief". Reuters. 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
- ^ "Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ Ferrie, Jared (2 November 2023). "Sudanese Darfur Rebel Group Joins Anti-Government Alliance". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 19 Jan 2013. Retrieved 19 Jan 2013.
- ^ First Darfur rebel to appear before Hague court, Reuters, 2009-05-17
- ^ ICC Case Information Sheet on the Banda and Jerbo proceedings Archived 2011-10-28 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
- ^ "The Prosecutor v. Bahar Idriss Abu Garda". International Criminal Court. 2010-04-23. Archived from the original on 2012-04-03. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ "Situation in Darfur, Sudan in the case of The Prosecutor v. Abdallah Band Abakaer Nourain and Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus" (PDF). International Criminal Court. 2013-10-04. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2019-06-09.
- ^ Bensouda, Fatou (2019-06-19). "Statement to the United Nations Security Council on the Situation in Darfur, pursuant to UNSCR 1593 (2005)". International Criminal Court. Archived from the original on 2019-06-19. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Darfur rebels spurn Chinese force". British Broadcasting Corporation. 2007-11-24. Retrieved 2007-11-24.
- ^ "Sudan rebels 'attack oilfield'". Al Jazeera English. 2007-12-11. Archived from the original on 2007-12-12. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
- ^ a b Steve Bloomfield, The Independent, Darfur rebels poised to take Khartoum, 11 May 2008
- ^ "Sudan 'repulses' rebel attack", Al Jazeera, May 11, 2008.
- ^ "Sudan leader 'terrified' by arrest", Al Jazeera, May 13, 2008.
- ^ Reuters, Sudan rebels attack city, push closer to capital, 27 April 2013
- ^ Reuters, Sudan's army seizes back town from rebels in oil state, 27 May 2013
- ^ Enough Project, Civilians Caught in the Crossfire: The Bombing of Abu Kershola and Ad Dandour, 10 June 2013, [1]
- ^ Reuters, Sudan's army seizes back town from rebels in oil state, 27 May 2013 [2]
- ^ Radio Dabanga, 'SRF kill 14 Sudan government troops in blitz on Abu Karshola, South Kordofan': Rebels, 9 June 2013, "'SRF kill 14 Sudan government troops in blitz on Abu Karshola, South Kordofan': Rebels | Radio Dabanga". Archived from the original on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-11.
- ^ Radio Dabanga, Sudan rebel attack on Abu Karshola 'kills 30 SAF, downs chopper', 31 May 2013 "Sudan rebel attack on Abu Karshola 'kills 30 SAF, downs chopper' – Bashir fails to show | Radio Dabanga". Archived from the original on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-11.
- ^ Reuters
- ^ "'Historic agreement' signed by Sudan govt, armed groups in Juba".
External links
- Justice and Equality Movement (JEM Sudan) The JEM's English Language homepage
- Photojournalist's Account - Images of the Justice and Equality Movement and Darfur's displaced
- Darfur conflict
- Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company's website