Joshimath

Coordinates: 30°33′18″N 79°33′54″E / 30.55500°N 79.56500°E / 30.55500; 79.56500
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Jyotirmath
)

Joshimath
Jyotirmath
Town
UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
246443[2]
Vehicle registrationUK-11
Websitechamoli.nic.in

Joshimath, also known as Jyotirmath, is a town and a

state of Uttarakhand. Located at a height of 6,150 feet (1,875 m),[3] it is a gateway to several Himalayan mountain climbing expeditions, trekking trails and pilgrim centres like Badrinath.[4] It is home to one of the four cardinal pīthas established by Adi Shankara.[5]

Since 7 February 2021, the area was severely affected by the 2021 Uttarakhand flood and its aftermath. The town is confirmed to be sinking due to its geographic location being along a running ridge.[6][7]

History

Between the 7th and 11th centuries C.E., Katyuri kings ruled the area of varying extent from their capital at "Katyur" (modern day Baijnath) valley in Kumaon. The Katyuri dynasty was founded by Vashudev Katyuri. The ancient Basdeo temple at Joshimath is attributed to Vasu Dev.[8] Vasu Dev was of Buddhist origin, but later followed Brahminical practices and the brahminical practices of Katyuri kings in general is sometimes attributed to a vigorous campaign of Adi Shankara (788-820 CE).[8]

According to Badri Datt Pandey in his book Kumaon Ka Itihas, Joshimath was the original capital of the Katyur dynasty before it moved to Kartikeyapur (modern day Baijnath). According to the story, king Vasudev was a devotee of Narsingh (avatar of lord Vishnu). One day he went hunting and lord Narsingh came to his home disguised. His wife offered food to the god. After eating the food the god went in the king's room for some rest. When the king returned from hunting he got angry after seeing a man sleeping in his bed. He took his sword and cut the left hand of god. Instead of blood, milk started flowing from the wound. After seeing this, the king realised the disguised person was not a common man. He asked for forgiveness from the god. The god said he came because he was happy with his kingdom but after this incident he cursed the king to move to a new location (Baijnath). Because of this wound, the statue in the temple will also have a weak left hand. When the statue's hand will fall off, this will be the end of his dynasty.[9]

Katyuri kings were displaced by the Panwar dynasty in the 11th century AD.[8]

2021 glacial outburst flood and aftermath

A part of the

Nanda Devi glacier broke off in Nanda Devi National Park in Uttarakhand's Chamoli district on 7 February 2021, causing flash flood in Rishiganga and Dhauliganga River, devastating among others the village Rini, the Dhauliganga Dam, the Rishi Ganga dam, Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, killing and endangering people. According to media, at least 31 people were confirmed to have been killed and around 165 were reported missing after the flash flood. A PTI report put the number of workers missing at 150.[citation needed
]

In the aftermath of the floods, residents began noticing cracks in homes; eventually over 600 houses were evacuated after a local temple collapsed.[10][11] Eventually over 700 of approximately 4,400-4,600 structures would show cracking and the streets and paved areas in the affected area also showed cracking.[12][13] Hundreds of residents were able to evacuate and authorities classified zones within the town as "danger", "buffer" and "completely safe" areas; demolition work began on 9 January 2023.[14][15]

A two year study released in 2023 by the Indian Institute of Remote Sensing used satellite sensing to determine the area was sinking 6.5 cm (2.6 in) each year.[16][17]

Demographics

As of 2011 India census, there are total 3,898 families residing in Joshimath city. The total population of Joshimath is 16,709 out of which 9,988 are males and 6,721 are females. Thus the Average Sex Ratio of Joshimath is 673.[18][19]

The population of Children of age 0–6 years in Joshimath city is 2103 which is 13% of the total population. There are 1127 male children and 976 female children between the age 0–6 years. Thus as per the Census 2011 the Child Sex Ratio of Joshimath is 866 which is greater than Average Sex Ratio (673).[18][19]

As per the Census 2011, the literacy rate of Joshimath is 91.3% up from 77% in 2001. Thus Joshimath has a higher literacy rate compared to the 82.7% of its own district, Chamoli. The male literacy rate is 95.2% and the female literacy rate is 85.2% in Joshimath.[18][19]

Joshimath had a population of 13,202 in 2001.[20]

Religious significance

Jyotir Math monastery

Jyotirmath is the uttarāmnāya

Divya Desams", the 108 temples of Vishnu revered by the 12 Tamil poet-saints or Alvars, and god and goddess are known as Parimalavalli sametha Paramapurusha Perumal.[21]

Joshimath Cantonment

Joshimath Cantonment is one of the important military stations of Indian Army, present in Uttarakhand. It is the permanent station of "The Garhwal Scouts", the scout battalion of the Garhwal Rifles. It is the closest army station to the Indo-Tibetan Border. It was used as a base camp for the rescue of the victims of 2013 Kedarnath Floods.

Tourist attractions

Shankaracharya Math

This is the math established by Adi Shankaracharya in North India. The math has temples of Badrinarayan and Rajrajeshwari Devi. It has a sacred cave where Adi Shankaracharya supposedly undertook

tapasya
.

Narsingh Temple

This is an ancient temple of Lord Vishnu in Narsingh Avatar and main temple of Joshimath. It has an idol of Lord Narsingh, which is considered established by Shankaracharya. As per local belief, the left hand of this idol has become as thin as hair. On the day when it will break, the mountains Nar - Narayan (नर - नारायण)(which are situated on a way to Badrinath) shall join and become one and Lord Badrinath of Badrinath temple will disappear from the present temple and re-appear as black stone (Shaligram) at new place called Bhavishya Badri, which is situated at a distance of 10 km from Joshimath. During the period when Badrinath temple remains closed during winter every year, an idol of Lord Badri is brought to Narsingh temple and worshiped for six months.[22]

Bhavishya Kedar Temple

As per local belief, present Kedarnath will disappear along with Badrinath and re-appear in Bhavishya Kedar temple at Joshimath. This temple has a small shivling.

Tapovan

Tapovan

Tapovan is situated 10 km from Joshimath. It has natural hot water springs. The river Dhauliganga is visible from this spot.

Ropeway

A ropeway to Auli is popular among tourists and one of the longest ropeways in Asia. It is open only during the winter season (November to March) and costs Rs 1000 for two way journey. The ropeway is the fastest means for tourists to go to Auli.

Gari Bhawani Temple

A temple is located 6 km away from the main town of Joshimath toward Rishikesh highway.

Kalpeshwer

Kalpeshwar is situated near the village called Urgam, which is located in a valley. Urgam is off the highway NH-58 and is reached from Helang which is situated at about 18 km from Joshimath. There are sometimes shared vans from Helang to Nyari/Urgam before noon. Public bus transportation is available everyday from Joshimath to Helang from 5AM to 7PM.

Climate

Climate data for Jyotirmath (1971–2000, extremes 1958–1987)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.6
(70.9)
21.1
(70.0)
28.6
(83.5)
30.6
(87.1)
31.9
(89.4)
34.2
(93.6)
30.2
(86.4)
29.9
(85.8)
30.0
(86.0)
28.0
(82.4)
25.1
(77.2)
21.2
(70.2)
34.2
(93.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8)
11.8
(53.2)
17.3
(63.1)
21.3
(70.3)
23.5
(74.3)
24.8
(76.6)
23.3
(73.9)
23.0
(73.4)
22.3
(72.1)
22.0
(71.6)
16.9
(62.4)
13.4
(56.1)
19.1
(66.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6)
3.0
(37.4)
6.7
(44.1)
10.7
(51.3)
13.6
(56.5)
16.3
(61.3)
16.9
(62.4)
16.6
(61.9)
14.5
(58.1)
10.7
(51.3)
6.7
(44.1)
3.9
(39.0)
9.9
(49.8)
Record low °C (°F) −15.1
(4.8)
−4.3
(24.3)
−4.0
(24.8)
0.0
(32.0)
4.9
(40.8)
6.0
(42.8)
10.0
(50.0)
12.6
(54.7)
8.0
(46.4)
1.8
(35.2)
0.1
(32.2)
−3.1
(26.4)
−15.1
(4.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 57.1
(2.25)
93.5
(3.68)
118.7
(4.67)
51.3
(2.02)
72.9
(2.87)
93.3
(3.67)
224.6
(8.84)
201.6
(7.94)
111.1
(4.37)
43.2
(1.70)
10.2
(0.40)
26.8
(1.06)
1,104.1
(43.47)
Average rainy days 3.8 5.7 7.4 4.1 6.0 7.5 15.4 15.3 9.1 2.9 1.0 1.6 79.7
Average
relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST
)
55 52 52 51 51 62 79 80 73 59 50 53 60
Source: India Meteorological Department[23][24]

Transportation

Ropeway from Joshimath to Auli

The nearest airport is the Jolly Grant Airport near Dehradun 293 km (182 mi) away.

The nearest railway station is at Rishikesh, which has a small railway terminal. Haridwar railway junction, 24 km farther from Rishikesh, has train connections to most of the major cities in India.

Joshimath lies on national highway

Chamoli
.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Joshimath Tehsil Population Chamoli, Uttarakhand, List of Villages & Towns in Joshimath Tehsil". Censusindia2011.com. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Joshimath Pin code". pin-code.net. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  3. ^ Singh, V.P. Flt.Lt. "Himalayan Journal 1967-68". The Himalayan Club. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  4. ^ Agarwal, Meena. "The Ascent of Trisul, 1970". The Himalayan Club. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  5. ^ "Jyotirmath". Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  6. ^ Tripathi, Sibu (6 January 2023). "Why is Joshimath sinking? Alarm bells in hill town ringing since 1976". India Today. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  7. ^ "Sinking land forces hundreds to leave Indian temple town". AP NEWS. 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  8. ^ .
  9. .
  10. ^ B. Banerjee (7 January 2023), "Sinking land forces hundreds to leave Indian temple town", ABC News, retrieved 8 January 2023
  11. ^ "The scenic Indian town in danger of sinking", BBC News, 5 January 2023, retrieved 8 January 2023
  12. ^ Masih, N. (12 January 2023), "Himalayan town sinks, leaving residents to count costs of rapid development", The Washington Post, retrieved 12 January 2023
  13. ^ Soutik Biswas and Raju Gusain (9 January 2023), "Joshimath: The trauma of living in India's sinking Himalayan town", BBC, retrieved 10 January 2023
  14. ^ "Demolitions begin in India's 'sinking' Joshimath, hundreds moved", Al Jazeera, 10 January 2023, retrieved 10 January 2023
  15. ^ "Joshimath: The trauma of living in India's sinking Himalayan town". BBC News. 9 January 2023.
  16. ^ "Joshimath, Neighbouring Areas, Sink 2.5 Inches Every Year: New Report", NDTV, 11 January 2023, retrieved 11 January 2023
  17. ^ "Joshimath subsidence: Satellite-based preliminary" (PDF). 11 January 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2023.
  18. ^ a b c "Joshimath Population, Caste Data Chamoli Uttarakhand - Census India". www.censusindia.co.in. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  19. ^ a b c "Joshimath City Population Census 2011 - Uttarakhand". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  20. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original
    on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  21. ^ 108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Pandya Nadu. M. S. Ramesh, Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam.
  22. ^ "Bhavishya Badri | Chamoli District Website | India". Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  23. ^ "Station: Joshimath Climatological Table 1971–2000" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1971–2000. India Meteorological Department. October 2011. pp. 367–368. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  24. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M225. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.

External links