K. B. Hedgewar
Keshav Baliram Hedgewar | |
---|---|
1st Sarsanghchalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh | |
In office 27 September 1925 – 21 June 1940 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | M. S. Golwalkar |
Personal details | |
Born | Keshav Baliram Hedgewar 1 April 1889 Kandakurthi, Central Provinces, British India (present day Nizamabad, Telangana, India) |
Died | 21 June 1940 Nagpur, Central Provinces and Berar, British India (present day Maharashtra, India) | (aged 51)
Education | MBBS |
Alma mater | Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata |
Occupation |
|
Known for | Founder of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh |
Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (1 April 1889 – 21 June 1940), also known by his moniker Doctorji, was an Indian political-social activist, physician and the founder of the
Early life
Hedgewar was born on 1 April 1889 in a Maharashtrian
He studied at Neel City High School in Nagpur, from where he was expelled singing "
Ideological roots
After completing his education, Hedgewar joined the
Formation of RSS
Hedgewar participated in the
Hedgewar founded RSS in 1925 on the day of Vijayadashami with an aim to organise Hindu community for its cultural and spiritual regeneration and make it a tool for achieving complete independence for a united India.[3][22] Hedgewar suggested the term 'Rashtriya' (national) for his Hindu organization, for he wanted to re-assert the Hindu identity with 'Rashtriya'.[23] Hedgewar supported the setting up of a women's wing of the organization in 1936 called Rashtra Sevika Samiti.[24][25]
Those that participated in the movement were called Swayamsevaks (meaning volunteers). Early Swayamsevaks included
Political activities post formation of RSS
After founding the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in 1925, Hedgewar maintained a healthy distance from
When the Congress passed the
1930 was the only year when the RSS celebrated 26 January and it stopped the practice from the next year onwards.
Hedgewar emphasized that he participated in the Civil Disobedience movement of 1930 in an individual capacity, and not as a RSS member. His concern was to keep the RSS out of the political arena.[37] According to Hedgewar's biography, when Gandhi launched the Salt Satyagraha in 1930, he sent information everywhere that the RSS will not participate in the Satyagraha. However those wishing to participate individually in it were not prohibited.[38]
For Hedgewar, India was an ancient civilisation, and the freedom struggle was an attempt to re-establish a land for the Hindus after almost 800 years of foreign rule, primarily by the Mugals and then by the British.[27] The tri-colour according to Hedgewar did not encaptulate the ancient past of India. Hedgewar insisted that the RSS must only be involved with "man-making". He was critical of Hindu society and its degeneration over the centuries with its out-dated and often backward practices. The RSS, he wrote, must be completely devoted to establishing men of character and worthy of respect the world over.[27]
Establishment of Rashtra Sevika Samiti
Death and legacy
His health deteriorated in later years of his life. Often he suffered from chronic back pain. He started delegating his responsibilities to
He attended the annual Sangh Shiksha Varg (officer training camp) in 1940, where he gave his last message to Swayamsevaks, saying: 'I see before my eyes today a miniature Hindu Rashtra."[15][31] He died on the morning of 21 June 1940 in Nagpur. His last rites were performed in the locality of Resham Bagh in Nagpur, which was later developed as Hedgewar Smruti Mandir.[15][43]
Former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee described Hegdewar as a great patriot, freedom fighter and nationalist during his commemoration on a postal stamp in 1999.[44] Hedgewar was described as "a great son of Mother India" by former President of India Pranab Mukherjee during his visit to Hedgewar's birthplace in Nagpur.[45]
Establishments named after Hedgewar
- Shree Keshav Co operative Credit Society Ltd. Junagadh, Gujarat.[citation needed]
- Dr. Hedgewar Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research (Dhimsr) Amravati[46]
- Dr. Hedgewar Shikshan Pratishthan Ahmednagar[47]
- Dr. K. B. Hedgewar High School Goa[citation needed]
- Dr. Hedgewar Aarogya Sansthan, Karkardooma, New Delhi.[48]
- Hedgewar Hospital, Aurangabad.
- Hedgewar Ayurvedic BAMS college, Chikhli Maharashtra.[citation needed]
- Dr Keshav Baliram Hedgewar chair, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.[citation needed]
- Keshav Srushti, Bhayander (W), Thane, Maharashtra
References
- ^ "Timeline". Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2020.)
- ISBN 978-9350486900.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-89981-29-7.
- ^ Subramanian, N.V. (29 August 2012). "All in the Family". News Insight. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-78738-289-3. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
Dr. Hedgewar, was a trained medical practitioner, and founded the RSS in 1925
- ISBN 978-93-81345-51-1. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
Dr Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, a Telugu Brahmin settled in Nagpur.
- ISBN 978-81-87218-31-9. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
K.B. Hedgewar was a Telugu Brahmin residing in Nagpur.
- ISBN 9781850653011.
The organization had been founded and developed by Maharashtrian Brahmins - Hedgewar came from a Telugu Brahmin family long resident in kandakurti currently situated on banks of river godavari at Maharashtra Telangana border near Biloli taluka Biloli Dist. Nanded Maharashtra and Golwalkar was a Karhada Brahmin – and all the early swayamsevaks were Brahmins.
- ^ David E. U. Baker (1979). Changing political leadership in an Indian province: the Central Provinces and Berar, 1919-1939. Oxford University Press. p. 104.
Though Moonje was closely involved with this organization, its actual founder was his protege and associate, Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, a Deshastha Brahman doctor from Nagpur.
- ^ H. V. Seshadri (1981). Dr. Hedgewar, the Epoch-maker: A Biography. Sahitya Sindhu. p. 2. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
The place was at one time the abode of scholars and prosperous Brahmin families. The Hedgewar family was one such. They were Deshastha Brahmins of the Shakala branch, belonging to the Ashwalayana Sutra of the Rigveda. Their gotra was Kashyapa, and learning and transmission of the Vedas was their sole preoccupation.
- ISBN 0-8147-3110-4. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
As early as 1925 Dr. Hedgewar had founded the RSS to foster Hindutva activism among the Maharashtrian youth. Born into an orthodox Deshastha Brahmin family in Nagpur, Keshavrao Baliram Hedgewar (1889–1940) qualified as a medical doctor but devoted his whole life to the struggle for Indian political freedom.
- ^ "To read the mind of behemoth RSS". Telegraph India. 16 November 2018. Archived from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- ^ "How coastal Karnataka was saffronised; part 1: Hedgewar sends emissary to Mangalore, an RSS shakha is born". Firstpost. 7 April 2019. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-19-565140-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-7304-398-7.
- ISBN 978-0-14-024602-5.
- ^ Kelkar, D. V. (4 February 1950). "The R.S.S.". Economic Weekly.
- ^ Bal, Hartosh Singh. "How MS Golwalkar's virulent ideology underpins Modi's India". The Caravan. Archived from the original on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ISBN 9789353336851. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "RSS founder Hedgewar was with Congress, and other facts you didn't know". 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-8133-8810-6.
- ISBN 978-0-415-02328-3.
- ISBN 9780863113833.
- ISBN 978-1-85649-448-9.
- ^ "Hindutva's Other Half". Hindustan Times. 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ^ Partha Banerjee (1998). In the Belly of the Beast: The Hindu Supremacist RSS and BJP of India: an Insider's Story. Ajanta Books International. p. 42.
- ^ a b c Nagpur archives. Nagpur, India.
- ISBN 9788174951427. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- ^ Bhishikar, C. P. (1994). Sangh Vriksh ke Beej: Dr. Keshav Rao Hedgewar. New Delhi: Suruchi Prakashan.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-7495-236-3.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-86311-383-3. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
- ISBN 978-1-134-16727-2. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
- ISBN 978-0-7619-3338-0.
- ^ Seshadri, H. V. (1981). Dr. Hedgewar, the epoch-maker: a biography. Sahitya Sindhu. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ Bhishikar, C. P. (1994). Sangh Vriksh ke Beej: Dr. KeshavRao Hedgewar. Suruchi Prakashan. p. 20.
- ISBN 978-81-321-0206-9.
- ISBN 978-0140246025. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- ISBN 9788174952363. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ "Remembering Moushiji Kelkar, founder Pramukh Sanchalika of Rashtra Sevika Samiti on her 110th Birth Anniversary". Vishwa Samvada Kendra. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ "10 things to know about Rashtra Sevika Samiti, the women wing of RSS by Rakesh Jha". www.inuth.com. inuth. 12 October 2017. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.}
- ^ "Holier Than Cow by Neha Dixit". www.outlookindia.com. outlookindia. Archived from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2020.}
- ^ Golwalkar, M. S. A bunch of thoughts.
- ^ "Nagpur: RSS founder's memorial Smruti Mandir gets tourism status". www.timesnownews.com. 8 May 2018. Archived from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- ^ "Rediff On The NeT: Vajpayee releases stamp on Hedgewar". www.rediff.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
- ^ "Pranab hails Hedgewar as 'great son of India'". Business Standard. 7 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- ^ "Dr.Hedgewar Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research, Amravati". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014.
- ^ "About us". Dr.Hedgewar Shikshan Pratishthan, Ahmednagar. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014.
- ^ "Dr.Hedgewar Aarogya Sansthan, Karkardooma, New Delhi, Delhi 110032". Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
Further reading
- Sinha, Rakesh (2003). Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (in Hindi). New Delhi: Publication Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, ASIN B00H1YYO3M.
- Rakesh Sinha's Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (in Telugu) by Vaddi Vijayasaradhi. ISBN 8123011865.
- Bapu, Prabhu (2013). Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915–1930: Construction Nation and History. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415671651.
- Basu, Tapan; Sarkar, Tanika (1993). Khaki Shorts and Saffron Flags: A Critique of the Hindu Right. Orient Longman. ISBN 978-0863113833.
- Bhishikar, C. P. (2014) [First published in 1979]. Keshav: Sangh Nirmata (in Hindi). New Delhi: Suruchi Sahitya Prakashan. ISBN 978-9381500187.
- Chitkara, M. G. (2004). Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh: National Upsurge. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-8176484657.
- Curran, Jean Alonzo (1951). Militant Hinduism in Indian Politics: A Study of the R.S.S. International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- Frykenberg, Robert Eric (1996). "Hindu fundamentalism and the structural stability of India". In Martin E. Marty; R. Scott Appleby (eds.). Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies and Militance. University of Chicago Press. pp. 233–235. ISBN 978-0226508849.
- ISBN 978-1850653011.
External links
- Remembering Doctorji - samvada.org Archived 28 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine