KITV
kW | |
HAAT | 54 m (177 ft) |
---|---|
Transmitter coordinates | 21°17′25″N 157°50′24″W / 21.29028°N 157.84000°W |
Links | |
Public license information | |
Website | www |
KITV (channel 4) is a
Channel 4 was the third station established in Honolulu as KULA-TV in April 1954. It was constructed by Iowa-based American Broadcasting Stations, then-owner of radio station KULA, and affiliated with ABC from the start. Three years later, industrialist
Kaiser sold KHVH radio and television to Lawrence Berger in 1964 as
Tak wound up a years-long bankruptcy proceeding in 1995 by selling two of its stations, including KITV, to Argyle Television. Argyle—which merged with the
History
KULA-TV: Early years
Channel 4 was one of the first two channels to receive interest after the
One of the applications for channel 2 came from radio station KULA, which was in competition with a consortium known as Royaltel. KULA was sold in 1953 to American Broadcasting Stations (ABS), the owner of WMT in Cedar Rapids, Iowa,[8] which filed in April 1953 for channel 4 in an effort to prevent KGU and KPOA from moving KONA from channel 11 to channel 4.[9] Even while its purchase of KULA was still pending, the FCC granted channel 4 to ABS on May 14, 1953.[10] After the commission approved its acquisition of KULA,[11] it withdrew its application for channel 2[12] and began scouting studio sites for the new station.[13] Originally designated KABS-TV, the channel became KULA-TV when it was transferred to the same subsidiary as KULA radio, the Pacific Frontier Broadcasting Company.[14]
Construction of KULA-TV's studios and original transmitter site on
The ownership of KULA radio and television shifted several times in its early history. ABS sold the outlets to the Television Corporation of America, a new Hawaiian company headed by Jack Burnett and Albert Zugsmith, in 1955.[19] The Crowell-Collier Publishing Company agreed to purchase all of the outstanding stock in the KULA stations in April 1956,[20] which was canceled four months later when mortgage holders in the firm refused to permit the necessary stock swap.[21]
KHVH-TV: Kaiser's channel 13
Where channels 2 and 4 both received multiple applications, channel 13 was the last of Honolulu's original five TV allocations to receive any interested bidders, possibly because of fear of the number 13.[22] Territorial Telecasters, a group linked to radio woman Christmas Early, filed for the channel in December 1952,[23] only to abandon its bid within months and formally withdraw it in June.[24]
In October 1956, industrialist
Hal Lewis, better known on the radio as J. Akuhead Pupule, was the executive vice president of the new Kaiser broadcasting operation in Honolulu.[28] KHVH (990 AM) was approved in February 1957[29] and began broadcasting on March 15.[30]
The FCC dismissed KULA-TV's challenge to the channel 13 permit on April 8, 1957.
KHVH-TV, channel 4: Merger
In May 1958, Kaiser announced the acquisition of KULA-TV;[33] he would retain KHVH radio, with KULA being sold off to Jack Burnett.[34] The two television stations merged as KHVH-TV on channel 4, retaining KULA-TV's affiliation with ABC and its studios on Ala Moana Boulevard, at midnight on July 15, 1958.[35]
The late 1950s and early 1960s saw KHVH-TV's programming expand to the neighbor islands. Channel 4's programming began to be seen on
By 1960, Kaiser's interests in Hawaii were diverse and far-reaching. In addition to the KHVH stations and the Hawaiian Village Hotel that was their namesake, he developed
During Kaiser ownership, the station developed several local programs. Children's show Captain Honolulu aired from 1959 to 1969; Robert "Bob" Smith served as host under the "Sgt. Sacto" and Captain Honolulu characters before the show came to an end in 1969.[42][a] Other early local shows included Kaiser Sports Central, 50th State Wrestling, and the Tom Moffatt Show.[45] Station manager John Serrao was transferred to Detroit in 1963 to help construct Kaiser's WKBD-TV and cited KHVH-TV's local programming successes when discussing WKBD's planned emphasis on local sports coverage and entertainment.[46]
Western Telestations, Starr, and Shamrock ownership
Kaiser Industries announced the creation of Kaiser Broadcasting, a dedicated subsidiary of the company, to house the firm's broadcasting interests in September 1964.[47] The KHVH stations would not be among them for long. That October, Kaiser announced the $3 million sale of the KHVH stations and KHJK-TV to Lawrence S. Berger, who had experience running stations in Wyoming and Montana.[48] The transaction also included a construction permit for an FM radio station.[49] The acquisition of KHVH-TV and KHVO—the former KHJK—by Berger's company, Western Telestations, was completed in December.[50]
KHVH-TV was the first Hawaiian television station to air live pictures from the continental United States. Using the
Berger accepted an offer from the Starr Broadcasting Company of New Orleans to sell KHVH-TV in March 1971;[53] Berger would have bought KHVH radio from Western Telestations in a concurrent transaction.[54] The deal fell apart that August,[55] but Starr agreed to acquire KHVH-TV in November 1972.[56] The sale closed on August 1, 1973; with the KHVH stations now under separate owners, channel 4 changed its call sign to KITV, for Island Television.[57][58] Berger would later regret not holding on to the television stations; in 1979, he said, "It was a mistake as far as money, at least. Who knew ABC would end up with Happy Days instead of the junk stuff we had in those days?"[45]
Under Starr, two changes were made in KITV's transmission setup. In early 1977, channel 4 switched to an antenna atop the
The Starr stations were acquired by
Grimm brought many local broadcasts to KITV. In the mid-1970s,
Tak ownership
Shamrock was not planning to sell KITV but received and accepted a $50 million offer from Tak Communications, owner of television stations in Wisconsin and a radio station in Illinois, in 1986.[72] One of the first changes under the new ownership was the switch to same-day broadcast of prime time entertainment series and soap operas with stations in the continental U.S., a practice that KGMB and KHON had adopted with CBS and NBC programming three years earlier. KITV did not switch at that time because of the cost of equipment to receive and delay the satellite feed for later rebroadcast.[73][74][75]
Tak nearly sold KITV to Anthony Cassara, a television executive who had made several attempts in preceding years to buy Hawaii TV stations, in 1989;[76] the company agreed in June to sell 60 percent of the station to a firm headed by Cassara,[77] but the deal fell apart in October as the buyers were unable to secure financing.[78]
Tak Communications struggled financially for a significant portion of its time owning KITV, having overpaid in a hot market for stations.
Argyle/Hearst ownership
Argyle Television II offered $146 million and received court approval to purchase KITV ($51 million) and
Argyle began planning to move the station to more modern quarters. In 1998, KITV moved its operations from its longtime studios on Ala Moana Boulevard to its current location on South King Street (also known as One Archer Lane). The new facility, set up at a cost of $15 million, contained equipment sufficient to begin commercial digital broadcasting. From the start, Argyle opted to equip the facility with serial digital video connections, and as planning continued, the company opted to take the plunge with digital transmission. On January 15, 1998, KITV began airing a digital signal, giving it a claim to be the first U.S. TV station to commercially broadcast in the new format.[89] KHVO in Hilo was the first station to be awarded a regular commercial construction permit for digital operations.[90] KMAU also began broadcasting a digital signal, which was temporarily turned off to resolve interference issues with nearby scientific instruments.[91] A second digital subchannel was configured but only broadcast color bars.[92]
In 1999, KHON and KITV abandoned the practice known as "Hawaii time", where additional commercials were inserted into prime time but shows did not start on time, in favor of "clock time", where shows started at the same time they would on a U.S. mainland station.[93] The practice had originated when entertainment programs were still taped and shipped to Hawaii for rebroadcast; the commercials defrayed the cost of transporting network material. By the late 1990s, it was causing advertising prices to be cheaper than otherwise.[94] The switch to clock time had little effect on KHON and KITV, then the top two news stations in Honolulu, which remained in their ratings positions.[95] All four network affiliates had adopted clock time by December 2002.[96]
KITV, KHVO, and KMAU discontinued analog broadcasting on January 15, 2009, the date on which full-power television stations in Hawaii transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts. The transition in Hawaii had been brought forward from the original February 17 national switch date—itself later delayed to June—because of concern that the dismantling of existing transmitter towers atop Haleakalā would affect the mating season of the endangered Hawaiian petrel, which begins in February.[97] KITV's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 40, KHVO's digital signal relocated from channel 18 to channel 13, and KMAU's digital signal relocated from channel 29 to channel 12; all three stations switched to using virtual channel 4.[98]
SJL and Allen ownership
On May 13, 2015, Hearst announced that it would sell KITV and its satellites to
As a result of the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction, KITV relocated its signal from channel 40 to channel 20[103] on April 12, 2019.[104][105]
The $30 million sale of KITV to Los Angeles–based Allen Media Group, owned by Byron Allen, was announced on August 17, 2020,[106] and completed on January 20, 2021.[107] In 2022, Allen acquired KIKU (channel 20), a station that had traditionally broadcast Japanese- and Filipino-language programming but had been converted by its ownership to rebroadcasting the ShopHQ home shopping network in spite of public outcry.[108] The sale was completed on January 31, 2022.[109] The new ownership restored the prior format and about 75 percent of the previously aired programming.[110][111]
News operation
KULA-TV had newscasts from the start, with John Needham and John Galbraith as the station's first news presenters. In 1959, under Kaiser, channel 4 was the first local station with same day news images, utilizing wire service photos fed by the International News Service; the other stations had to wait a day to process newsfilm.[112] Present from the start of the station, initially as production manager, was Bob Sevey.[113] Sevey left the station in 1957 to work for an ad agency, returned in 1961 as a news anchor,[114] and departed in 1965 after Cecil Heftel poached him to run the KGMB-TV newsroom, where he immediately led that station to number one in the ratings.[115] In the late 1960s, the station's news team featured Chuck Henry, who later went on to a career as an anchor in Los Angeles; Ken Kashiwahara, who spent 25 years as a correspondent for ABC News; and sportscaster Al Michaels.[116] When Henry left for KABC-TV in 1971, his replacement was state senator Mason Altiery.[117] The station sank to third in the ratings. In 1975, it tried a team consisting entirely of local newscasters; in the Advertiser, Bill Mann wrote that the newscasts were an "embarrassment", awkward, and riddled with mistakes.[118] Two reporters, Don Baker and Tom McWilliams, sued, alleging they were fired for being White at a time when the station wanted a more diverse news team;[119] a federal judge ruled against the lawsuit.[120] Altiery, who at various times served as the news director of each of KHON-TV, KGMB-TV, and KHVH-TV, returned to channel 4 from 1975 to 1976.[121]
Later in the 1970s, after the Shamrock purchase, KITV invested $1 million in improvements to its newscasts. It hired Jack Hawkins, a news anchor unfavorably compared by many to the fictional Ted Baxter and suffering from a credibility gap as a non-local newsman.[122] From 1982 to 1984, KITV briefly presented its evening news at 5:30 and 9:30 p.m. while KGMB and KHON fought for viewers at 6 and 10; this arrangement was replaced with a more conventional late news schedule at 10 p.m.[123][124] In 1987, KITV debuted a midday newscast.[125] No matter the newscasts, the KITV news department was hemmed in by a smaller budget and staff than the other stations; in 1987, the station had an annual news budget of $1.1 million and 27 news employees, whereas KHON had a news budget of $1.9 million and 40 news staffers. After the 1980 strike, the station became a non-union shop and consequently offered lower pay to its workers, which resulted in higher turnover. Anchor Tina Shelton, who moved from KGMB to KITV in 1985[126] and remained at the station through 1999,[127] commented that the reduced resources led KITV's newscasts to concentrate on police, courts, and government reporting.[126] In 1989, when Anthony Cassara was under contract to buy KITV, he called it "under-managed".[77]
The 1990s saw KITV become more competitive head-to-head with its rivals. In 1992, the station dropped its 5:30 p.m. early news and replaced it with separate 5 and 6 p.m. newscasts;[128] it debuted a two-hour morning newscast in January 1996.[129] The 5 p.m. newscast—anchored by the husband-and-wife team of Gary Sprinkle and Pamela Young—was a ratings success for the station;[130] Young brought her Mixed Plate travel and features series with her to channel 4. In the first two decades of the program, which aired at one point or another on KHON, KGMB, and KITV, Young had produced 80 specials.[131]
Overall, KITV moved from third place to second behind leader KHON,[132][133] where it remained into the early 2000s as KGMB and KHNL inched closer.[134] KGMB overtook KITV in late news by 2004,[135] on its way to unseating KHON as the leading 10 p.m. newscast in 2006 for the first time in two decades.[136] By 2015, the station's ratings had fallen further, with less than half the late news viewership of Hawaii News Now or KHON.[137] Mixed Plate ended its run in 2016 after Young left the station to rejoin KHON.[138]
In the wake of the 2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake on the island of Hawaii, KITV was unable to broadcast its signal but began producing and streaming its newscast online, the only local station able to do so. The stream received hundreds of thousands of views from around the world and was redistributed by the CNN Pipeline video news service.[139] In 2010, the station added additional weekend morning and early evening newscasts.[140]
By 2023, KITV produced 36+1⁄2 hours a week of local news programs.[141]
Notable former on-air staff
- Kanoa Leahey – sports reporter and weekend news anchor, 1999–2004[142][143]
Subchannels
The station's signal is
Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
---|---|---|---|---|
4.1 | 720p | 16:9 |
KITV-HD | Main KITV programming / ABC |
4.2 | MeTV | MeTV | ||
4.3 | KITV-D3 | Hawaii TV (Local news) | ||
4.4 | 480i | StartTV | Start TV | |
4.5 | H&I | Heroes & Icons | ||
4.6 | OCTV | One Caribbean Television |
Satellite stations
As with other major television stations in Hawaii, KITV operates multiple satellite stations across the Hawaiian Islands to rebroadcast the station's programming outside of metropolitan Honolulu.[144]
Station | City of license | Channel TV (RF) |
Facility ID | ERP | HAAT
|
Transmitter coordinates | First air date | Public license information |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KHVO | Hilo |
4 (13) | 64544 | 2 kW |
−92 m (−302 ft) | 19°42′49″N 155°8′3″W / 19.71361°N 155.13417°W | May 15, 1960[α] | |
KMAU | Wailuku |
4 (12) | 64551 | 9 kW | 747 m (2,451 ft) | 20°39′25.5″N 156°21′35.8″W / 20.657083°N 156.359944°W | December 4, 1955[β] |
- ^ KHVO used the call sign KHJK from 1960 until October 15, 1964.[145] The letters stood for Henry J. Kaiser and were later assigned before launch to what became KBHK-TV in San Francisco.[146]
- ^ As KMVI-TV. The station rebroadcast KONA-TV,[147] which built KMVI-TV using the equipment discarded when it moved from channel 11 to channel 2 earlier that year.[148] KONA built its own station on channel 7 at the same time that it changed to rebroadcast KHVH-TV.[36] Channel 12 was owned independently from KITV until it was purchased in 1978 and changed its call sign at that time.[61][62]
Notes
References
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External links
- KITV.com – KITV official website
- SBTV.com livestream of KITV-DT3